강용흘(姜鏞訖) 영역(英譯) 시조(時調)의 특성(特性) -최초의 영역시조선집(英譯詩調選集) Translations of Oriental Poetry를 중심으로-

강혜정 ( Hye Jung Kang ) 고려대학교 민족문화연구원 2012 민족문화연구 Vol.57 No.-

This writing aims at introducing Yonghill Kang`s Translations of Oriental Poetry to the academia, and scrutinizing the characteristics of sijos translated into English included in it. First, I examined the errors on the existing records about Translations of Oriental Poetry and clarified the bibliography of it. This book is the English translation of anthology of Chinese, Japanese, and Korean poetry which was translated by Yonghill Kang who gained fame for the English novel, The Grass Roof. It contained 33 pieces of classical sijos. This book was the first poetry anthology which contained sijos translated in English, and it seemed that it was made for the lectures in Comparative Literature at New York University. The following year, Kang tried to republish it under the new title Anthology of Chinese, Japanese and Korean Poetry after the modification with Frances Keely but it seemed that it did not work out. Judging from its array and selection, it seemed that original anthology did not exist. Rather, the book seemed to lean on Kang`s memory, and this explains mistranslation. As a matter of fact, his translation can be said to be pretty faithful translation which tried to capture both content and form of sijo. It is clearer comparing to sijos translated in English at about the same time by Gale, a missionary, and Youngtae Pyun. Poems of Gale and Pyun had rhyme so that the legibility was high. On the contrary, Kang`s sijos translated in English did not show such characteristics. Kang rhymed lines in Chinese poetry, while he tried to show the structural characteristics of sijo, which is consisted of three verses highlighting the last verse. In a nut shell, Kang seemed to understand the characteristics of poems written in Chinese characters and sijo, and attempted to make the most of their features translating them into English. In Translations of Oriental Poetry, sijo was not introduced as lyric but poem. This shows Kang`s intention which tried to place sijo at the modern concept of literature. He enabled sijo to be discussed on the equal level with poetry written in Chinese characters, waka, and furthermore, Western poetry. This book contributed to contemporary comparative literary researchers to accept sijo as a kind of literature, and academic research subject. Also it, even though it did not commercially succeeded, introduced sijo globally as it became included and published again within the novel The Grass Roof, The Happy Grove, and the poetry anthology Grove of Azalea.

서구 사회에 소개된 〈황조가〉의 양상 고찰

강혜정(Kang, Hye-Jung) 우리문학회 2014 우리文學硏究 Vol.0 No.44

This paper focuses on introducing three different English translations of “Yellow Birds Song” which was published in the early 20th Century. It compares three different translations, explains the differences of the background stories fromthe original content, and discusses the translators’ ideologies in translation and the purpose of Korean poem translations. The three translators are James S. Gale, a Canadian missionary, Joan S. Grigsby, a Scot poet, and Younghill Kang, Korean-American novelist. They translated the poemof “Yellow Birds Song” which was written in 17 BC by King Yuri of Koguryo, and they cited the translated poeminto the book ofHistory of the Korean People(1928, a book of history),The Orchid Door(1935, a book of poetry), andThe Grass Roof(1931, novel) respectively. They each used the same poembut written in different languages. These different original poems influenced their translations. Gale used the poemwritten in Chinese, Grigsby used the English translation by Gale, and Kang used the Korean song. Gale’s translation is similar to Chinese poem. Grigsby’s translation is free style because she couldn’t understand the original content and tried to adjust to the western style. Kang’s translation is close to the original Korean song. These three translations are different because of their different ideologies in translation. First, Gale put an importance in Korean literature and understanding ofWestern readers. Thus, he tried to be faithful to the original and at the same time, compose his translation as an English poem. Second, Grigsby didn’t even try to translate close to original content, because she felt that characteristics of Korean literature was not important in translation. She thought literal translation of Korean poems couldn’t appeal to average western readers. Third, Kang did his best to be faithful to the original Korean song because he thought Korean songs had ardent sense. These translators translated the background story of the book of SamKookSaKi(三國史記) differently because they have different purpose of Korean poem translations. First, Gale tried to provide the story in detail, and added his opinions as a missionary and historian because he wanted to introduce Korea as a country with a long history and rich literature. Second, Grigsy summarized the story very succinctly because she focused on the ancient beauty of Korean poems rather than the long history, Third, Kang changed whole story in his novel because he tried to show the harsh reality of those days when it was under the Japanese control. His translation of Korean song expresses their pride and deep grief over the country lost.

BIM과 GIS 연계를 위한 실내 세밀도 모형 개발에 관한 연구: 실내 시설물 관리 중심으로

강혜정,황정래,홍창희,Kang, Hye Young,Hwang, Jung Rae,Hong, Chang Hee 대한공간정보학회 2013 한국공간정보학회지 Vol.21 No.5

In recent years, according to the increase of interests in indoor space, various researches are being carried out for the construction and services of indoor spatial information. BIM data is very useful to build indoor spatial information. Accordingly, many studies for the use of BIM data on GIS part are in progress. In order to take advantage of BIM data on GIS part, the conversion technology for building indoor data and visualization techniques are required. However, most of the previous researches are focused on the conversion technology to construct indoor spatial information by importing BIM data into GIS applications while there is few research on visualization. In this study, an indoor LOD(Level of Detail) model is proposed to apply to on indoor facility management system when indoor data was constructed based on BIM data for the linkage between BIM and GIS.

과학 계산 응용 실행을 위한 하이브리드 클라우드에서의 SLA기반 VM 오토-스케일링 기법

강혜정(Hyejeong Kang),고정인(Jung In Koh),김윤희(Yoonhee Kim) 한국정보과학회 2013 정보과학회논문지 : 시스템 및 이론 Vol.40 No.6

클라우드 컴퓨팅은 동적인 자원 사용을 가능하게 함으로써 계산 과학 응용 수행에 활발히 이용되어 왔다. 계산 과학 분야에서 클라우드 컴퓨팅 환경을 이용하는 데 있어 중요한 이슈 중 하나는 응용 수행에 실제 필요한 양만큼 자원을 할당하여 사용하는 것이다. 실제 필요한 양만큼의 자원을 사용함으로써 자원 사용비용을 줄이기 위함이다. 그러나 가변적인 작업 부하를 갖는 현대 응용의 특성상 이는 매우 어려운 작업이다. 기존 상용 클라우드들은 규칙 기반의 메커니즘을 이용하여 동적인 자원할당을 시도하고 있으나 대부분의 기법들은 단순히 자원의 성능 지표만을 기준으로 삼음으로써 응용의 Service Level Agreement(SLA; e.g. 데드라인, 비용 등)는 고려하지 않는다. 본 논문에서는 사설/상용 클라우드로 구성된 하이브리드 클라우드 환경에서 가변적인 자원 요구에 따라 자원을 할당하고 SLA 위반을 최소화하는 오토-스케일링 기법을 제안한다. 실험을 통해 주어진 데드라인 내에서 동적인 자원 활용을 통해 작업을 수행하는 결과를 보임으로써 제안하는 오토-스케일링 기법의 우수성을 검증한다. Cloud computing facilitates on-demand resource usage. Scientists can perform large-scale scientific computational experiments over cloud environment. Executing experiments in a timely manner with the proper number of resources is important for the scientists. Scientists can save the cost by using resources actually needed. However, providing resources for processing dynamic workload of modern applications have difficulty. Rule-based and schedule-based mechanisms have been tried to allocate resources dynamically, but most of the auto-scaling methods just simply support performance metric such as CPU utilization but rarely are aware of Service Level Agreements (SLA) including execution deadline or cost. In this paper, we propose an auto-scaling method that automatically allocates resources depending on variable resource requirements in hybrid clouds satisfying a user’s requirements on SLA. We have evaluated the performance of our auto-scaling method. The result shows that the method can perform a scientific application with the proper number of resources in deadline constraints.

영역(英譯) 한국고전시선집(韓國古典詩選集) 『The Orchid Door 난규(蘭閨)』의 특성 고찰

강혜정 ( Hye Jung Kang ) 한국시가학회 2016 韓國 詩歌硏究 Vol.40 No.-

This paper focuses on introducing the characteristics of the Orchid Door: Ancient Korean Poems which was collected and translated into English verse by Joan S. Grigsby, and was published in 1935, Japan. Although The Orchid Door has been recognized as one of the representatives of the Korean classical poetry in the Western Society, it has not even been introduced in the academic world in Korea. Therefore in this paper, I clarified the bibliography of it and the purpose of publication through the introduction of this anthology. This book contains 73 pieces of classical Korean poems from Ancient Joseon Dynasty (BC 3C) to the late Joseon Dynasty (19C). There were lots of writings about Korean history and literature written by Western missionaries such as James S. Gale, so Joan S. Grigsby could translate Korean classical poetry into English even though Joan S. Grigsby couldn’t understand Korean language nor Korean classical poetry. Especially she was inspired deeply when she read The History of the Korean People by Gale. In 1929, Grigsby visited Korea for the first time reluctantly. However after she realized that Korea has a long history of over 5000 years and glorious civilization, she decided to translate Korean classical verses. She intended to present this anthology to the west the beauty of the little known corner of the orient. It is significant that her anthology has stimulated the interest of the western reader about Korean classical poetry. However, we can``t find the original texts without her additional record because she transformed Korean poems into English verses which don``t have characteristics as the Korean poems any more.

거사가, 와 임천별곡, 을 중심으로 본 조선후기 대화체 가사의 특수성

강혜정 ( Hye Jung Kang ) 한민족어문학회 2014 韓民族語文學 Vol.0 No.68

Kasa is a form of Korean classical verse having indefinite number of lines with tetrameter. In most Kasa a poetic narrator as the author``s alter ego speaks about the theme directly. However, some of Kasa adopt the voices of characters like in a drama instead of author``s direct voice, and they are called dialogue style Kasa. <Geosaga(The Song of a Buddhist Monk)> and <ImchunPyulgok(The Song of Imchun)> are composed of two characters`` dialogue. These two works seem to use the way of speaking far from the typical way found in most Kasa. This paper aims at identifying these two works as dialogue style Kasa. <Song of a Buddhist Monk> consists of dialogue between a buddhist and a young beautiful widow. The monk falls in love at first sight, but the widow does not because she wants to be a virtuous woman. However, he renounces his monastic life and joins the secular society with her. They do not seem to communicate well since the widow talks only one time while the monk talks too much. Even the monk’s speech looks like a monologue because he does not care about the widow``s answer and talks only about his feelings and desire. <The Song of Imchun> consists of dialogue between an old man and an old woman. The old man who is a declasse aristocrat wants to sleep with the old woman who is a lowly person. She denies because he is old and poor. Both Kasa works develop the story in the beginning, and reveal the inner side in the latter half. Therefore, the function of dialogue is a development of the story and expression of feeling or thoughts. There are two different types of dialogue style Kasa ; one is speaking within one text, and the other is speaking between more than two texts. <The Song of Buddhist Monk> and <The Song of Imchun> are unique in that they carry the former style which was popular after 20th century, but they were actually written in the 18th and 19th centuries. They are categorized as love Kasa which deals with various aspects of relations between men and women. However, while most love Kasa deal with sorrow of parting, these two works deal with sexual desire. So somes cholars categorized these two works as narrative Kasa. <The Song of Buddhist Monk> and <The Song of Imchun> are unique in expression style and contents, and this complexity is based on flexibility of Kasa.

신자료(新資料), 존경각(尊經閣) 소장(所藏) 44장본(張本) 『시조(詩調)』의 특성(特性) 및 편찬(編纂) 시기(時期) 고찰(考察)

강혜정 ( Kang Hye-jung ) 한국시가학회 2017 韓國 詩歌硏究 Vol.42 No.-

This paper introduces the newly discovered 44-sheet Shijo anthology Shijo (『詩調』), owned by and housed in the Jongyeongak (尊經閣) Library in Sungkyunkwan University (成均館大). Even though Shijo does not display a publication date, there are several indications in the text that reflect the period in which it was compiled. Shijo consists of 401 works and arranges them according to their types of melodies, just as its precursor Cheongooyoungan (靑丘永言) by Kim Chuntak (金天澤) had. However, Shijo includes only four types of melodies while Cheongooyoungan includes ten. Shijo intentionally omits two up-tempo types of melody, Nakshijo (樂時調) and Manhoeingcheongnoo (蔓橫淸類), and instead focuses on Sakdaeyeop (數大葉) melodies. Although rare, some Shijo anthologies from the mid-eighteenth century focused on Sakdaeyeop, and some personal Shijo anthologies did so even earlier. Therefore, a Shijo anthology focusing on Sakdaeyeop was an accepted form in the early days of anthology compilation, and Kim Chuntak established a new form by adding Nakshijo and Manhoeingcheongnoo melodies. In the nineteenth century, Manhoeingcheongnoo became an indispensable part of Gagok (歌曲), so people now assume it to have been a part of Gagok. However, in the eighteenth century, while some enjoyed Manhoeingcheongnoo immensely, others were reluctant to accept it as a part of Gagok, and Shijo is in the latter camp. Shijo, unlike Shijo anthologies compiled in the nineteenth century, does not include Manhoeingcheongnoo melodies but does include Ibookjeon (二北殿) melodies, which were incorporated only into the Shijo anthologies compiled in the eighteenth century. In addition, all the writers included in Shijo lived in the eighteenth century. Thus, Shijo was likely compiled in this period. There is also an indication of the social status of Shijo`s compiler, as he refers to middle-class people as “Japnoo (雜類), miscellaneous people” instead of “Yeohangin (閭巷人), people on busy streets.” The middle class, including Kim Chuntak, called themselves “Yeohangin, people on busy streets,” while the term “Japnoo, miscellaneous people” had a negative connotation and suggested a tendency on the compiler`s part to think of such people as being part of a subordinate class. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that the compiler of Shijo was part of the nobility.

시정오년기념(始政五年紀念) 조선물산공진회(朝鮮物産共進會)(1915)가 정재(呈才) 창사(唱詞)에 미친 영향 - <봉래의(鳳來儀)>를 중심으로 -

강혜정 ( Hyejung Kang ) 한국시가학회 2021 韓國 詩歌硏究 Vol.53 No.-

This research paper examines the meaning behind the Court Song Lyrics which was performed at the 1915 Expo(始政五年紀念 朝鮮物産共進會) during September 11th to October 30th 1915, a period in which Korea was under Japanese Imperial rule. To do so requires the examinations of the characteristics of ‘Expo’, a new performance venue that appeared during the 1910s. Furthermore, an in-depth comparison between the Dadong Union(茶洞妓生組合)’s and Kwangyo Union(廣橋妓生組合)’s < Bongraeyi(鳳來儀) > lyrics to the version of < Bongraeyi > lyrics performed in the Chosun Dynasty court will reveal how the Expo influenced the Court Song Lyrics. The Expo with the largest capacity in the 1910s, was held at the Kyungbok palace(景福宮) from September 11th to October 30th 1915 under the supervision of Japan. By publicly advertising the economic improvements of Korea post-colonization, the Expo was used as political propaganda of justification of Japanese Imperial rule; the Expo was a highly successful event with a total of one million visitors. To stimulate the flow of more visitors to the Expo, the Dadong Union and the Kwangyo Union rotated perform daily at the Expo. Considering that < Bongraeyi > performance space was at Kyungbok palace, an important change of power dynamics can be noted: while the < Bongraeyi > was historically performed at the same location, for the elite few belonging in the royal family. However, with the regime change, < Bongraeyi > was publicly performed at the Expo, thereby allowing an unrestricted quantity of average individuals to also watch the performance. When < Bongraeyi > was performed during the imperialist rule, the differences in Dadong Union’s version versus that of the Kwangyo Union were prominent. Dadong Union maintained < Bongraeyi >’s musical components as used in the Chosun Dynasty but shortened the lyrics; The Kwangyo Union had two versions: there was a version that maintained the traditional performance characteristics as well as the new version. However, the new version increased the imperialist propaganda in that it described the current state of the nation as a paradise. The lyrics of the two versions were contrasting but similar in that both versions were to be sung by a melody and were flagrantly praising the imperialist regime. Therefore, it becomes evident that while < Bongraeyi >’s traditional melody and performance rules were maintained, the lyrics were changed to fit the Expo’s purpose of boasting the economic superiority of Korea post-imperialism.

일반계 고등학교 교사의 진로학업설계 지도 역량강화 연수 프로그램의 효과: 진로지도 자기효능감과 만족도를 중심으로

강혜정(Hye Jeong Kang),임은미(Eun mi Lim),이성자(Sung ja Lee),김순미(Sun Mi Kim),유아신(YAXIN LIU) 한국교원교육학회 2024 한국교원교육연구 Vol.41 No.2

본 연구는 고교학점제 도입에 따른 일반계 고등학교 교사의 진로학업설계 지도 역량강화 연수 프로그램의 효과를 검증하는 것이다. 이를 위해 3차시 진로학업설계 지도 역량강화 연수 프로그램을 구성하였다. 프로그램에 대한 간략한 설명 후 J지역 일반계 고등학교에 신청을 받아 13개 고등학교 현장으로 찾아가서 프로그램을 운영하고 그 효과를 검증하였다. 연수 참여 교사 총 227명 중 사전-사후 검사에 모두 응답한 183명의 자료에 대해 사전-사후 대응 표본 t 검증을 시행하였다. 그 결과 본 프로그램에 참여한 교사들의 진로지도 자기효능감 전체 및 하위요인인 프로세스 자신감, 평가능력, 영향력 모두 유의하게 증가하였으며, 이러한 효과는 성별, 경력, 연령대, 학교 위치에서 모두 유의하였다. 또한 프로그램에 참여한 교사들의 만족도는 높았으며, 성별, 경력, 연령대, 학교 위치가 달라져도 이러한 만족도는 유지되었다. 마지막으로 진로지도 자기효능감의 사후-사전 검사점수의 차이와 프로그램 만족도의 관계에서 유의한 정적 상관이 나타났다. 본 연구에서 검증한 일반계 고등학교 교사의 진로학업설계 지도 역량강화 연수 프로그램은 교사의 진로지도 자기효능감 증진에 효과가 있었고, 참여 교사들의 프로그램에 대한 만족도는 높았다. 본 연구의 의의 및 한계와 후속 연구에서의 제언을 논의하였다. This study aims to validate the effectiveness of general high school teachers’ competency enhancement training program for guiding career and academic design according to the introduction of the high school credit system. To this end, a three-session competency enhancement training program for guiding career and academic design was developed. Through a brief description of the program to a general high school in J area, a program to visit 13 general high school sites voluntarily applied was operated and its effectiveness was verified. 183 out of total 227 participating teachers responded to both pre- and post-test and a paired t-test was conducted on the data of 183 teachers. The results of the pre-post paired sample t-test showed a significant increase in the overall self-efficacy on career guidance of the participating teachers, as well as in the sub-factors of process confidence, evaluative ability, and influence. These effects were significant across all genders, work experience, age groups, and school locations. Also, the satisfaction level of the participating teachers was high, with no significant differences on gender, work experience, age group, or school location. Finally, there was a significant correlation between the value of career guidance self-efficacy on career guidance post-test score minus pre-test score and program satisfaction. General high school teachers’ competency enhancement training program for guiding career and academic design developed in this study proved effective in enhancing teachers' self-efficacy on career guidance, and the participating teachers expressed high satisfaction with the program. Implications and limitations of this study and suggestions for follow-up studies were discussed.

일반논문 : 여성농업인의 농업경영 참여도에 영향을 미치는 요인 분석

강혜정 ( Hye Jung Kang ) 한국여성경제학회 2013 여성경제연구 Vol.10 No.1

이 연구는 배우자와 부인 모두 전업농인 농가에서 여성농업인의 농업경영 의사결정 참여도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 2단계 추정법을 적용하여 분석한다. 전반적인 의사결정 항목에서 여성농업인의 참여도가 매우 낮게 나타났으며, 특히 농가자산 및 재무 관련 의사결정에서 여성농업인의 참여도는 상대적으로 더 낮게 나타났다. 분석결과를 요약하면, 여성농업인의 영농경력이 많을수록 농업경영 의사결정 참여도가 높아지는 것으로 나타났으며, 가구원수가 많을수록 의사결정 참여도는 낮아지는 경향이 나타났다. 또한 여성농업인 본인 명의 소유농지 비중이 높을수록, 농업교육횟수가 증가할수록, 참여하고 있는 농업관련 조직수가 많을수록, 지역사회 활동 단체수가 많을수록, 여성 전업농의 농업경영 의사결정 참여도는 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. This study is designed to examine the factors affecting the level of participation in decision making relating to farm management of full-time women farmers. The ordered probit model is applied. The empirical evidence suggests that the participation level of in decision making increases, as women farmers gain more farming experience. The more the number of family, the lower participation level of women farmers in decision making. As the share of farmland owned by women farmers is larger, women farmers take a more active part in decision making relating to farm management. Lastly, as women farmers attend more agricultural education programs, agricultural organizations, community groups, they take a more active part in decision making relating to farm management.