Factors of the nurse's turnover in general hospitals

강인순,Kang, In-Soon Korean Academy of Nursing Administration 2002 간호행정학회지 Vol.8 No.3

최근 병원행정가들의 가장 관심을 끄는 분야 중 하나가 간호사의 이직이다. 본 연구는 실제 이직을 한 간호사를 대상으로 이직요인을 파악하고 이에 대한 이직대책을 제시함으로써 조기에 간호사의 이직을 예방하여 효율적으로 간호인력을 관리하고 간호의 질적 향상을 하는데 도움을 주고자 46개 종합병원에서 1998년 1월${\sim}$1999년 1월 사이에 이직을 한 간호사 369명을 대상으로 조사, 분석한 후향연구이다. 연구결과를 통해 이직결정에는 다양한 요인들이 영향을 미침을 알 수 있었다. 특히 결혼상태가 가장 큰 요인으로 나타났으며, 기혼인 경우는 자식의 양육문제가 가장 원인이었으며, 미혼인 경우는 불규칙한 근무시간이 큰 영향을 미치고 있었다. 그에 대한 해결책으로 자식 양육문제의 경우, 근무병원 내에 탁아시설을 운영하거나 육아양육휴가제도 및 시간제 근무 등의 도입을 심각하게 고려해 볼 필요가 있다. 불규칙한 근무시간은 근무외 수당을 지불하거나 간호사가 스스로 자신의 근무시간을 선택할 수 있는 융통성 있는 스케줄링, 또는 승진평가 제도를 적절하게 할 수 있는 제도의 도입을 제안한다.

1970년대 여성노동자들의 민주노조운동: 재평가와 의미

강인순 ( In Soon Kang ) 경남대학교 인문과학연구소 2009 인문논총 Vol.24 No.-

The aim of this paper is to review the meaning of the women's labor movement in 1970's on the gender sensitive perspective and to get over the present stagnant situation in the labor movement. Under the Yushin dictatorship Park's the women's worker had struggled against Capital and non democratic government for the organization of the union as the right of the labor citizenship. The struggle for the organization of the union of the women's worker had taken as the leader and center in labor movement in 1970's. But the women's worker did not play the main role of the labor movement in 1980's. The struggle meaning and will of the women's worker against capital and non democratic government in 1970's must be revive in 2000's and with this sprit the women's worker play the main role as the center in labor movement in 2000's and can be overcome the stagnant situation in labor movement.

신령버섯(Agaricus blazei Murill) 열수 추출물의 면역 활성에 미치는 영향

강인순(In Soon Kang),김랑이(Rang Ie Kim),김광섭(Gwang Sub Kim),김나리(Na Ri Kim),신중엽(Joong Yup Shin),김채균(Chaekyun Kim) 한국식품영양과학회 2015 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.44 No.11

본 연구에서는 신령버섯의 면역기능 개선 효과를 마우스를 이용한 동물 모델에서 면역기관의 무게와 세포증식, 자연살해세포 활성, 사이토카인 분비능을 측정하고 대식세포 증식과 활성을 측정하여 평가하였다. BALB/c 마우스에 저(4 mg/kg), 중(20 mg/kg), 고(100 mg/kg) 농도의 신령버섯을 21일간 경구로 투여하였다. 마우스를 희생하여 체중 및 면역장기 무게, 비장세포의 증식과 사이토카인 생성, 자연살해세포의 활성을 측정하였다. 그 결과 신령버섯은 마우스의 체중, 간, 비장, 흉선의 무게에 영향을 주지 않았으며, 비장세포의 증식에 유의한 효과가 없었다. 또한 비장세포의 IL-4과 IL-12 생성을 억제하였으며, 마우스 자연살해세포의 활성을 현저하게 증가시켰다. 정상 마우스에서 분리한 비장세포에 신령버섯을 처리한 in vitro 실험에서는 신령버섯 5~100 μg/mL에서 농도 의존적으로 비장세포의 증식과 IFN-γ 생성을 증가시켰다. 신령버섯은 대식세포인 RAW 264.7 세포의 증식을 100 μg/mL 농도까지 농도 의존적으로 증가시켰으며, 대식세포에 의한 NO의 생성을 농도 의존적으로 증가시켰다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 보면 신령버섯을 마우스에 3주간 투여하면 동물의 체중, 면역장기의 무게와 면역세포의 증식에는 영향을 미치지 않지만 자연살해세포의 활성을 70% 가량 증가시키며 IL-4와 IL-12의 생성을 억제한다. 정상 마우스에서 분리한 비장세포에 신령버섯을 처리하면 세포증식과 IFN-γ 분비가 증가되고, 대식세포인 RAW 264.7 세포의 증식과 NO 생성이 증가된다. 따라서 신령버섯은 바이러스에 감염된 세포나 암세포를 죽이는 자연살해세포와 대식세포의 활성을 증가시켜 면역반응 조절에 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 기대된다. The edible mushroom Agaricus blazei Murill is known to have many physiological functions, including antitumor, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory effects. Aqueous extracts were obtained by extracting A. blazei in water at 90°C for 15 h, followed by spray-drying with dextran at a 70:30 ratio. In this study, we examined the immunomodulatory effect of A. blazei Murill water extract (ABM) in BALB/c mice. Mice were administered orally with 4, 20, and 100 mg/kg of ABM for 21 days. ABM-treated mice did not show significant differences in body and organ weights compare to saline-treated control mice. Splenocytes isolated from ABM-administered mice revealed similar levels of cellularity and proliferation compared to control mice, whereas they showed increased natural killer (NK) cell activity and decreased IL-4 and IL-12 production. Different from in vivo results, splenocytes isolated from normal mice showed increased proliferation and INF-γ production following ABM treatment in vitro. In addition, ABM treatment enhanced macrophage proliferation and nitric oxide (NO) production in a dose-dependent manner. However, ABM had no effect on LPS-induced NO production. These results suggest that A. blazei modulates immune function by increasing NK cell activity and macrophage function.

창원지역 시민운동의 대두와 조직화: 87년 6월 민주항쟁 이후

강인순 ( In Soon Kang ) 경남대학교 인문과학연구소 2011 인문논총 Vol.27 No.-

The main purpose of this paper is to examine the organization of civil movement since ``87 democratization movement`` in Changwon Region. the results of this research work as follows: First, a consequence of `87 democratization movement and great struggle of labor workers, the recovery of civil right and subjectivity in Changwon region had effect on the organization of civil social movement. Second, this small study group activities, various hobby group for labor workers and citizen that the religious organizations offer in Changwon region had effect on the formation of ``democratization frame`` and the organization of civil social movement in Changwon. Third, the leading group of the organization of civil social movement in Changwon were students, labor workers and an intellectual. And then these are 4 type divided. Fourth, the main leading group of the organization of civil social movement in Changwon were students, labor workers had effect on early in the organization of civil social movement in Changwon and the weakening of civil social movement for ``minjung`` had effect on the organization of civil social movement for citizen in Changwon. Fifth, earlier organization of sectional civil social movement had effect to delay the organization of a composite civil social movement.

Chilling Tolerance of Photosynthesis in Plants is Dependent on the Capacity to Enhance the Levels of the Xanthophyll Cycle Pigments in Response to Cold Stress

김현주,강인순,이신범,이춘환,조성호,문병용,Kim, Hyun-Ju,Kang, In-Soon,Lee, Chin-Bum,Lee, Choon-Hwan,Cho, Sung-Ho,Moon, Byoung-Yong 한국광과학회 2005 Journal of Photosciences Vol.12 No.1

Plants possess the ability to dissipate the excitation energy for the protection of photosynthetic apparatus from absorbed excess light. Heat dissipation is regulated by xanthophyll cycle in thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts. We investigated the mechanistic aspects of xanthophyll cycle-dependent photoprotection against low-temperature photoinhibition in plants. Using barley and rice as chilling-resistant species and sensitive ones, respectively, chilling-induced chlorophyll fluorescence quenching, composition of xanthophyll cycle pigments and mRNA expression of the zeaxanthin epoxidase were examined. Chilled barley plants exhibited little changes in chlorophyll fluorescence quenching either of photochemical or non-photochemical nature and in the photosynthetic electron transport, indicating low reduction state of PS II primary electron acceptor. In contrast to the barley, chilled rice showed a marked decline in those parameters mentioned above, indicating the increased reduction state of PS II primary electron acceptor. In addition, barley plants were shown to have a higher capacity to elevate the pool size of xanthophyll cycle pigments in response to cold stress compared to rice plants. Such species-dependent regulation of xanthophyll cycle activity was correlated with the gene expression level of cold-induced zeaxanthin epoxidase. Chilled rice plants depressed the gene expression of zeaxanthin epoxidase, whereas barley increased its expression in response to cold stress. We suggest that chilling-induced alterations in the pool size of xanthophyll cycle pigments related to its capacity would play an important role in regulating plant's sensitivity to chilling stress.

유치도뇨관 삽입 가정간호대상자 가족의 유치도뇨관 관리에 관한 지식, 교육요구 및 교육경험

김정순,이상주,강인순,Kim, Jung-Soon,Lee, Sang-Ju,Kang, In-Soon 한국가정간호학회 2005 가정간호학회지 Vol.12 No.1

Purpose: This study was a predicative survey to provide home care clients with indwelling urinary catheters for furnishing basic educational material to their families by analyzing the family members' knowledge, educational needs and educational experience about indwelling catheter management. Method : The subjects consisted of 108 family members who cared for home care clients with indwelling catheters. Data were collected by home care nurses in nine hospitals in Pusan, who directly interviewed with them through questionnaires from Sep. 6th to 30th in 2004. The questionnaires for data collection were developed through pre-survey and reference review. The collected data was analyzed by using frequency, percentile, mean, variation, t-test, ANOVA on SPSS 10.1 package. Results : There were characters of home care clients with indwelling catheters: women(67.6%) were more than men; the average age of them was $69.60{\pm}14.99$ years old; neurogenic and cerebrovascular diseases(80.0%) were the most common disease group; 81.5% of them were totally dependent on others in terms of level of activity. Home care clients' families had these characters: women(76.9%) were more than men; the average age was $54.5{\pm}13.70$ years old; 46.3% of them were parents or sons or daughters in terms of relation with patient; tl1e average care period was $39.8{pm}34.20$ months. Level of knowledge about indwelling catheter management of the family members were 69.8% and its mean were $20.24{\pm}4.53$. Educational needs were 90.9% and its mean were $14.55{\pm}3.56$. Educational experience were 53.3% and its mean were $8.53{\pm}4.30$. 'Complications in using an indwelling catheter', 'Symptoms to call for a home care nurse' and 'Method to attach an indwelling catheter' were high ranked in both educational needs and educational experience. 'Anatomy of urinary tract', 'Functions of urinary tract' and 'Catheter placement' were low ranked in both educational needs and educational experience Level of knowledge about indwelling catheter management of the families showed a significant difference according to their age(F=5.35, p=0.01). Educational needs showed a significant difference according to care period(F=3.06, p=0.04). Conclusion: the family members' level of knowledge and educational experience about indwelling catheter management and their educational were not sufficient while their educational needs were high. In other words although the family members were acknowledged education needs, but the care for the patients with indwelling catheter weren't performed well because of their lack of related knowledge. Therefore systematic educational programs about indwelling catheter management for home care clients and their families should be made on the base of this study.

체언 말자음의 마찰음화 양상 연구 -모음으로 시작하는 조사를 중심으로-

강인순 ( In Soon Kang ) 청람어문교육학회 2007 청람어문교육 Vol.36 No.-

There are some comments in this paper that the fricativation is widespread in the Middle dialect appears widely in the Kyoung Nam dialect, too, the cause of the fricativation, the process of the fricativation and the aspect of the fricativation. First, they regard the cause of the fricativation as the abridgement of the labor or the ease of the pronunciation. It is to be considered. Second, the step of the palatalization is thought as the prior step of the fricativation is to be considered. Because the realization in the fricativation is not the most in the environment of the palatalization. Third, the fricativation is widespread in the vocabulary of the time or the space. Forth, the frequency of the fricativation depends on not the character of the postposition but the feature of the vowel connected. Exactly the fricativation is risen lively when it is connected with the high and central vowel, /i/.

초등 문법 교육의 내용 연구

강인순 ( In Soon Kang ),서현석 ( Hyun Seok Seo ) 청람어문교육학회 2009 청람어문교육 Vol.40 No.-

The aims of Korean grammar in Korean elementary education curriculum are 1) Associating grammar with our daily lives of using korean language 2) Studying a basic knowledge of korean grammar, 3) Creating korean culture through researching Korean language. 1. `Word` part`s aim of grammar curriculum should be turned the target 2). 2. `Using dictionary` in `Sentence` part can carried out the target 2) with requisition of various software dictionary. 3. Target 1) can be achieved by the considering communication situations to find the meaning and the relationship. 4. Considering Target 1), `Word making method` is not appropriate to Korean grammar in Korean elementary education curriculum. 5. `The scope of Sentence` should be contained spoken Korean conditions to get target 2). 6. `Discourse` should be studied to get more alternative or concrete plans to accomplish Target 1). 7. We can achieve Target 1), 2), 3) in Korean standard using living language of our life.

만성 폐쇄성 폐질환자의 폐기능, 주관적인 호흡곤란정도 및 SGRQ와의 상관관계

강인순(Kang, In-Soon),전정해(Jeon, Jeong-Hae) 한국산학기술학회 2009 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.10 No.8

본 연구는 만성 폐쇄성 폐질환자의 주관적인 호흡곤란 정도 및 건강관련 삶의 질 정도의 측정 필요성을 확 인하고, 객관적인 지표인 폐기능과의 관련성을 규명한 서술적 조사연구로, 질문지 작성과 폐기능 검사를 실시하여 조 사하였다. FEV1에 따라 분류한 질병의 중증도에서 중등증과 중증 대상자가 경증 대상자에 비해 호흡곤란이 심하며 (BDI F=5.452, p=.007; MRC F=4.925, p=.011), 중증 대상자가 경증 대상자에 비해 건강관련 삶의 질이 낮았다 (F=3.778, p=.030). FEV1과 주관적 호흡곤란 및 건강관련 삶의 질의 상관성(BDI r=.471; MRC r=-.403; SGRQ r=-.476) 은 낮았으나 주관적 호흡곤란과 건강관련 삶의 질과의 상관성(BDI r=-.752; MRC r=.645)은 높았다. 또한 질병의 중증 도가 중등증과 중증 대상자들에서는 FEV1과 주관적 호흡곤란 및 건강관련 삶의 질의 상관성은 없었으나 주관적 호흡 곤란과 건강관련 삶의 질은 역시 높은 상관성(BDI r=-.719; MRC r=.607)을 보였으며, 특히 BDI는 MRC보다 건강관 련 삶의 질과의 상관성이 높았다. 이상의 결과로 임상에서 만성 폐쇄성 폐질환자의 상태를 평가할 때 객관적인 폐기 능 검사와 함께 BDI로 주관적 호흡곤란을 측정함으로써 만성 폐쇄성 폐질환자의 건강관련 삶의 질을 파악할 수 있을 것이다. The purpose of this study is to compare relationship among pulmonary function, dyspnea, and health-related quality of life in patients with COPD. The instruments were used FEV1(%), the Baseline Dyspnea Index(BDI), the Medical Research Council Scale(MRCS), and the St. George's respiratory questionnaire(SGRQ). Dyspnea of patients with moderate and severe stage were deeper than one of patients with mild stage(BDI F=5.452, p=.007; MRCS F=4.925, p=.011). And health-related quality of life of patients with severe stage were poorer than one of patients with mild stage(F=3.778, p=.030). There were significant, but weak, correlations between scores of the BDI(r=.471), the MRCS(r=-.403), the SGRQ(r=-.476) and FEV1. There were strong correlations between scores of the BDI(r=-.752), the MRCS(r=.645) and the SGRQ. And FEV1 didn't correlated with the BDI, the MRCS, and the SGRQ scores in patient of moderate stage and severe stage. But there were also strong correlations between the BDI(r=-.719), the MRCS(r=.607) and the SGRQ in patient of moderate stage and severe stage. Specially, correlation between the BDI and the SGRQ were higher than one between the MRCS and the SGRQ. In conclusion, Using the BDI for evaluation of the subjective dyspnea with objective pulmonary functional test in patients with COPD, it will able to grasp the health-related quality of life

경남지역 비정규직 여성 노동자 고용실태 -공공부문 학교 비정규직을 중심으로-

강인순 ( In Soon Kang ) 경남대학교 인문과학연구소 2010 인문논총 Vol.25 No.-

This paper aims to study on the employment status of the irregular women`s worker in Gyeongnam region. The results of the study are as follows: At first, the wage of the irregular women`s worker is lower than the wage at the nation land local level and the most of them work under 100 employee on a scale. Second, the most working motive of them is no chance in regular job. Third, their work experiences are more than 3 years and they didn`t have idea to change the job. Forth, their union member ratio is about 50% and the activities are more helpful to solve the labor problems than gender problems. the last, the unfair treatments to them are the discrimination in wage and allowances, welfare, worker periods and non-recognition about work-career etc.