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      • KCI등재

        A Special Relationship Not So Special Anymore: Changing Dynamics of China-Singapore Relations

        강승원,조영남 서울대학교 국제학연구소 2023 Journal of International and Area Studies Vol.30 No.1

        This paper investigates the changes in China’s strategic partnership with Singapore under the influences of China’s rise and the escalating US-China rivalry. When China had just started its economic reform, it was attracted by Singapore’s capabilities of maintaining high economic growth with strong party leadership, laying the foundation for a special relationship. But Singapore soon had to learn to strategically rebalance its policies in new geopolitical realities with China’s rising power. Differing national interests has put ChinaSingapore relations at a new low point. To deliver the above argument, this paper reviews the start of the China-Singapore relationship, then analyzes the changes in the development of China-Singapore relations in the economic and political spheres. The main findings are that China and Singapore’s pragmatism in the struggle for power and survival erodes past relations and that political deterioration overpowers economic cooperation despite its expansion.

      • KCI등재

        回春凉膈散과 龍石散이 抗炎作用에 미치는 影響

        강승원,노석선,Kang, Shung-won,Roh, Seok-seon 대한한방안이비인후피부과학회 1999 한방안이비인후피부과학회지 Vol.12 No.1

        Hoichunyonggyuksan(HCYGS) and Yongseksan(YSS) are important prescriptions that have been used in oriental medicine for stomatitis and wound healing. The study was done to evaluate the inhibitory effects of cytotoxicity, formation of superoxide on the macrophage and neutrophil, prostaglandins($PGE_2$), interleukins($IL-1{\Beta}$), collagenase activity and synthesis of collagen and DNA. The results were obtained as fo1lows: 1. HCYGS and YSS were not showed the proliferation difference of human fibroblast and monocyte in all concentrations to be experimented and in result, it was concluded that they have no cytotoxicity. 2. YSS inhibited the formation of superoxide to $48\% at the concentration of $0.001\%$ in the mouse monocyte. 3. HCYGS inhibited the formation of superoxide to $13\%$ at the concentration of $0.001\%$ as compared with control in the human monocyte. 4. HCYGS and YSS inhibited the formation of superoxide to $25\%\;and\;35\%$ respectively at the concentration of $0.0001\%\;and\;HCYGS\;showed\;38\%$ inhihitory rate on the formation of superoxide at concentration of $0.001\%$ in the human neutrophil. 5. The concentration of inhibiting the production of prostaglandins($PGE_2$) to $11\%$ in the human monocyte stimulated with E. coli were $0.01\%$ of HCYGS. 6. The concentration of inhibiting the production of interleukins($IL-l{\Beta}$) to $43\%\;and\;39\%$ in the human monocyte stimulated with E. coli were $0.01\%$ of HCYGS and YSS. 7. HCYGS and YSS didn't influence on collagen synthesis and total protein in fibroblasts. 8. HCYGS and YSS inhibited the collagenase activity to $22\%\;and\;19\%\;at\;0.1\%,\;45\%\;and\;56\%\;at\;0.2\%,\;57\%\;and\;52\%$ at $0.5\%$ respectively, but YSS exerted the inhibitory effect on collagenase activity to $27\%$ at the lower concentration of $0.01\%$. 9. HCYGS and YSS didn't show the faster recovary than control group hut exerted the consistant effect on the anti-inflammations and the formation of granulation tissue.

      • KCI등재
      • 석유가격의 공분산검증 분석

        강승원 우송대학교 1997 우송대학교 논문집 Vol.2 No.-

        현재 석유가격에 대한 예측은 호텔링법칙에 의거하여 이루어 지고 있다. 호텔링 법칙은 고갈자원의 추출에 관련된 가장 기본적이고도 일반적인 이론으로 받아들여지고 있는 법칙이다. 호텔링법칙에 따르면 가격과 한계추출비용의 차감분으로 정의되는 사용자비용은 이자율과 동일한 비율로 증가하여야 한다. 이 법칙의 경제적 의미는 석유의 고갈성이 석유 가격을 결정하는 기본적인 결정요인이라는 것이다. 따라서 석유의 고갈을 전제할 때, 석유가격은 계속적으로 증가하여야 한다는 것을 추론할 수 있다. 호텔링 법칙에 대한 기존의 실증분석은 일관적인 결과를 보여주지 못하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기존의 호텔링법칙을 실증분석하였던 연구를 종합하여보고 이에 대한 새로운 접근을 시도하였다. 기존의 통계적분석을 이용하기 보다는 분석에 사용되는 변수의 통계적 특성이 비안정적이기 때문에 공분산분석을 수행하였다. 공분산분석을 이용하여 이자율과 사용자비용 또는 석유가격과의 장기균형관계를 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과에 따르면 호텔링법칙이 의미하는 이자율과 사용자비용 또는 석유가격과의 장기균형관계는 성립하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 석유에 있어서는 석유의 고갈성이라는 요인이 석유가격 결정의 가장 중요한 변수이기 보다는 다른 요인, 즉 시장구조 등에 의하여 석유가격이 결정된다고 결론지을 수 있다. Nowadays, the forecast of oil is based on the Hotelling rule, which has been the most popular principle of exhaustible resource extraction theory. Hotelling's rule states that the price minus marginal extraction cost(user cost) rises over time at a rate equal to the interest rate. The economic implication of this rule is that the exhaustibility of oil is the main determinant of oil price. Thus as oil depletion continues, the price of oil should increase. Testing the Hotelling rule is important. However, existing empirical tests of Hotelling's rule do not provide consistent results. In this paper, we examine the empirical validity of Hotelling's rule. In testing Hotelling's rule, we test nonstationary properties of the variables used in the analysis and then, check whether the variables have a cointegrated relationship. We use the cointegration test to verify the long run equilibrium relationship between the rate of interest and the change in user cost or wellhead price of oil. We found that the long run equilibrium relationship implied by Hotelling's rule fails to exist between the interest rate and user cost or the wellhead price of oil. The evidence presented in this paper indicates that the exhaustibility of natural resources such as oil may not be the important factor to determinant of the price of oil.

      • 국내 석유가격변동 예측모형에 관한 연구

        강승원 우송대학교 2004 우송대학교 논문집 Vol.9 No.-

        Petroleum is considered as one of the most important energy sources of our nation, which price has been determined at the free market with any regulation since 1997. Based on free determined petroleum price scheme, domestic refining companies could adjust the price to international oil price and domestic demand factor's changes. The main purpose of this study is to set up the forecasting model for oil price. The error correction model is considered to conduct oil price forecasting and empirically is implemented to make a judgement for oil price. The results could be used as a data for discussing whether oil price adjustment would be appropriate or not.

      • 미국 정부지출과 이자율에 대한 인과분석

        강승원 우송대학교 1998 우송대학교 논문집 Vol.3 No.-

        최근 미국의 재정적자가 누적되면서 정부지출이 이자율에 미치는 영향에 대한 분석이 중요한 이슈로 등장하게 되었다. 본 연구는 Barro의 정부지출과 이자율과의 관계에 대한 Correlation분석을 바탕으로 정부지출을 일시적 지출(Temporary spending)과 항상적 지출(Permanent spending)로 나누어 이자율과의 인과관계(Causality)를 분석하였다. 본 연구의 실증분석(Causality Test) 결과 정부지출 중 항상적 지출은 이자율에 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 파악되어 Barro와 같은 결과를 나타내었으나, 일시적 지출은 이자율의 변동을 유발하는 것이 아니라 오히려 이자율의 변동이 일시적 정부지출을 유발하는 것으로 파악되어 Barro와 상반되는 결과를 나타내었다. 결국 정부지출의 변동이 이자율의 변동을 유발하는 것이 아니라고 결론지을 수 있어 본 연구의 실증분석은 Ricardian Equivalence Proposition과 같은 경제적 의미를 내포한다고 할 수 있다. The purpose of this paper is to reexamine empirically the effects of permanent and temporary government spendings on the real rate of interest. Previous studies in this area, especially, Barro's, tested these relationshils in the context of correlation-based analysis. This paper applied the causality test to discriminate the cause-and-effect relationships between government spending and the rate of interest rate. The empirical results partially support the Barro's view that permanent government spending does not cause higher interest rate. However, I find that temporary government spending does not cause higher interest rate and reversely the real rate of interest causes the temporary government spending. On the whole, government spending does not cause real interest rate. This finding is not inconsistent with the "Ricardian Equivalence" proposition.

      • 통신산업의 원가구조특성에 관한 연구

        강승원 우송대학교 2000 우송대학교 논문집 Vol.5 No.-

        The cost of providing Universal Service should be calculated based on the characteristics of cost structure for different communication areas. We set-up the analytical model and survey the data for 75 communication areas to estimate the characteristics functions. 75 communication areas are grouped by applying K-means Cluster method and Discriminant analysis. Finally, Regression analysis is applied for each group.

      • KCI등재

        眼病의 病因 病機에 對한 文獻的 考察

        강승원,노석선,Gang, Seung-Won,No, Seok-Seon 대한한방안이비인후피부과학회 1992 한방안이비인후피부과학회지 Vol.5 No.1

        The cause and mechanism of eye diseases are follow in biblography. The etiological factor of eye diseases are nearly caused by heat. It is important to distinguish deficiency and substance. In external etiologic factors wind-fever is most of all in six exogenous factors. In internal etiologic factors xu(deficiency) of kidney, blood and fire of seven emotions are lots. In factors other than the internal and external, eating greasy food and hyper-caloric food are a lot of case. In relation with the yin-yang andxu-shi, ther are a lot of eye diseases symptom as dark-dizziness due to the yin-xu of hepatic-kidney. According to eight principles of differentiation of syndromes, syndromes of exterior, heat, shi, almost fall into the category of yang and syndromes of interior, cold, xu, nearly fall into the category of yin. In interior treatment, inducing wind and clearing heat, using Qi and tonifying blood, tonifying and suing of hepatic-kid ney are useful and often used treatment.

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