폐에 전이된 활막육종의 세침흡인 세포학적 소견 - 1 예 보고 -

강동욱,민성기,강길현,강대영,Kang, Dong-Wook,Min, Sung-Kyi,Kang, Gil-Hyeun,Kang, Dae-Yung 대한세포병리학회 1993 대한세포병리학회지 Vol.4 No.2

Synovial sarcoma us a rare malignant neoplasm of the soft tissue arising in the lower extremity, inguinal area, and upper arm. The majority occurs in patients between the age of 15 and 40 years. The histologic diagnosis is based on the classical biphasic type with the distinct epithelial and spindle cell components. We have recently encountered a case of metastatic synovial sarcoma of the lung diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology. A 34-year-old man was admitted because of a palpable mass on the antero-lateral side of the right tibia for 3 years. On admission, a well demarcated metastatic pulmonary nodule, measuring 5 cm in diameter, was also identified in the simple chest X-ray. Resection of the lower leg mass revealed typical histologic features of biphasic synovial sarcoma. Aspiration cytology of the pulmonary nodule revealed numerous clusters of spindle cells admixed with groups of epithelial cells. The epithelial cells had moderate-sized, round to oval shaped, and hyperchromatic nuclei. The cytoplasm was clear, but not distinctive. Interspersed tell elements were fibroblast-like spindle cells having elongated hyperchromatic nuclei.

리놀레산 대사체들의 글루쿠론산 결합화합물 합성

강동욱,Kang, Dong Wook 대한화학회 2013 대한화학회지 Vol.57 No.6

리놀레산과 그 대사체는 여러 가지 다양한 약리 효과를 나타내고, 카복실산 작용기를 갖는 물질이다. 일반적인 카복실산 화합물들은 간에서 UGT Glucuronosyl transferase 효소에 의해서 글로쿠론산이 결합된 대사체의 형태로 발견된다. 결과적으로 리놀레산 대사체들의 잠재적인 대사체로 이 화합물들의 글루쿠론산 결합화합물들이 될 수 있다. 선행 연구를 통하여 리놀레산의 대사체로 알려진 두 종류의 에폭사이드 대사체와 두 종류의 다이올 대사체에 글루쿠론산의 결합 반응을 통하여 네 종류의 잠재적인 리놀레산 대사체들을 합성하였다. Linoleic acid and its metabolites have various medicinal effects with carboxylic acid functional group. General carboxylic acid compounds are discovered as glucuronide metabolites by UGT glucuronosyl transferase at liver. Consequently, glucuronides of linoleic acid metabolites are expected as potent conjugated metabolite. A previous study reported two epoxide metabolites and two dihydroxy metabolites of linoleic acid. There are prepared their glucuronic acid conjugated compounds as potent linoleic acid metabolites.

웨이브릿 패킷 영역에서의 방향성 벡터양자화

강동욱,Kang, Dong-Wook 대한전자공학회 1998 電子工學會論文誌, S Vol.s35 No.6

A method is proposed for directional vector quantization using the wavelet packets. After partitioning the wavelet packet coefficients into 9 edges according to the corresponding directions, it encodes and transmits locally dominant edges. The directions of the edges are encoded with a variable length coding and conditional switching of codebooks, while the contents of them with the vector quantization followed by the variable length index coding. The proposed algorithm is superior to various conventional image coding algorithms in the sense of PSNR, which is relatively more significant at very low bit rate such as 0.1~0.3 bpp. As the proposed algorithm preserves the edges which is the most important for the human visual system, it also provides the reconstructed images of good subjective quality even at very low bit rate. 웨이브릿 패킷을 이용한 방향성 벡터양자화 기법을 제안하였다. 영상에 대한 웨이브릿 패킷 계수들을 대응되는 방향에 따라 9개의 에지로 분할한 후, 국지적으로 지배적인 에지들을 부호화하여 전송한다. 에지의 방향은 조건부 부호책 교환이 있는 가변길이부호화를 통하여 부호화하며, 에지의 내용은 벡터양자화와 그 인덱스의 가변길이부호화를 이용하여 부호화하였다. 제안된 부호화기법은 기존의 여러 영상압축기법에 비하여 PSNR 성능이 우수하며, 특히 0.1~0.3 bpp의 낮은 부호율의 경우 상대적으로 더욱 우수하다. 제안된 알고리듬은 인간시각특성상 가장 중요한 에지 정보들을 보전함으로써, 낮은 부호율에서도 우수한 주관적 화질을 나타낸다.

오류 내성을 갖는 H.264 비트스트림 생성 기법

강동욱(Dong Wook Kang),김철우(Chulwoo Kim),김후종(Hoo-Jong Kim) 대한전자공학회 2002 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2002 No.11

임상연구 : 관상동맥우회술을 위한 내시경두렁정맥채취 시 동맥혈액가스의 변화

강동욱 ( Dong Uk Kang ),유병훈 ( Byung Hoon Yoo ),이상석 ( Sang Seok Lee ),연준흠 ( Jun Heum Yon ),송철민 ( Cheol Min Song ),장지민 ( Ji Min Chang ) 대한마취과학회 2007 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.53 No.2

Background: Endoscopic surgical procedure has recently been applied to not only intraabdominal or intrathoracic surgery but also saphenous vein harvesting, because it is less invasive and more cosmetically advantageous. Carbon dioxide insufflation during an endoscopic saphenous vein harvesting may cause an adverse effects on arterial blood gas and hemodynamic variables. This study was conducted to evaluate the safety of carbon dioxide insufflation during endoscopic saphenous vein harvesting. Methods: Patients in ASA physical status III or IV, scheduled for an endoscopic saphenous vein harvesting (n=30) were gathered for the evaluation. Until the end of the procedure, controlled mechanical ventilation (tidal volume: 10 ml/kg, respiratory rate: 10 rates/min) and ventilator mode was fixed in this tidal volume and respiratory rate. Arterial blood gas analysis, end-tidal carbon dioxide, blood pressure and heart rate were measured before and at 10, 20, 30, 40 minutes after carbon dioxide insufflation. Results: Preinsufflation values of PaCO2 (partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide) and PETCO2 (partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide) were 33.4 ± 3.6 mmHg and 24.1 ± 4.1 mmHg, respectively. PaCO2 was significantly increased at 30 and 40 minutes after carbon dioxide insufflation (40.1 ± 7.4 mmHg and 41.4 ± 8.6 mmHg). PETCO2 was significantly increased at 20, 30 and 40 minutes after carbon dioxide insufflation(27.6 ± 5.5 mmHg, 28.9 ± 7.0 mmHg and 29.6 ± 7.8 mmHg). But, the magnitude of difference between PaCO2 and PETCO2 was not significantly different. Conclusions: During endoscopic saphenous vein harvesting, PaCO2 was significantly increased compared with preinsufflation values. Careful monitoring of PaCO2 is mandatory during the procedure. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2007; 53: 194~8)

일반법 논문 : 디지털증거 수집에 관한 형사소송법 개정안에 대한 검토

강동욱 ( Dong Wook Kang ) 경상대학교 법학연구소 2010 法學硏究 Vol.18 No.3

정보화사회가 되면서 컴퓨터와 인터넷사용이 일반화되고 있으며, 전세계적으로 생성되는 정보의 대부분이 디지털형태로 나타나고 있는 실정이다. 최근 범죄수사에 있어서도 범죄입증을 위해 디지털증거의 획득이 중요한 수사목적이 되어 있다는 것을 반영하여 새로운 수사방법으로서 디지털 포렌식의 활용이 크게 확대되고 있다. 하지만 형사소송법에서는 컴퓨터관련범죄나 디지털증거 수집을 위한 수사절차와 증거조사의 방법 등에 관한 개정이 수반되지 않음으로써 현재 행하여지고 있는 수사기관의 디지털증거 수집방법의 정당성에 관하여 많은 논란이 제기되고 있다. 현재 실무상 행하여지고 있는 수사기관의 디지털증거 수집에 있어서는 개인의 프라이버시에 대한 중대한 침해가 야기될 수 있기 때문이다. 이에 본고에서는 디지털증거수집과 관련하여 현재 의원발의로서 국회에 제출되어 있는 형사소송법 개정안들의 적합성에 대하여 검토해 보았다. 앞으로 형사사건의 유죄입증을 위하여 디지털증거에 대한 중요성은 더욱 강조될 것이다. 특히 기업범죄를 비롯한 화이트칼라범죄나 다수의 피해자를 양산하거나 큰 피해를 초래하는 중대한 사건일수록 더욱 더 디지털증거가 범죄입증을 위한 중요한 자료가 되고 있으며, 이러한 현상은 컴퓨터기술의 발전에 수반하여 더욱 증가할 것이라고 판단된다. 이러한 시점에서 최근 발의된 형사소송법 개정안들은 디지털증거 수집과 관련하여, 일부영역, 특히 개인의 프라이버시의 침해우려가 많은 부분들에 한정된 것이기는 하지만 디지털증거의 수집절차에 대한 최소한의 근거입법을 마련함으로써 수사기관에 의한 디지털증거의 압수·수색의 남발을 막기 위한 제도적인 규제장치를 마련하고자 한 점은 상당히 의미가 있다. 하지만 디지털증거의 수집절차에 관한 한 두 개 조문의 입법으로 현재의 상황에 대처하고자 하는 것은 그동안의 행하여져 오던 수사기관의 수사관행을 오히려 정당화시켜 주고, 이들 형식적 규정을 근거로 하여 수사기관이 지나치게 재량권을 행사할 수 있는 계기를 마련해 주는 결과가 될 수도 있다. 나아가 이러한 입법은 디지털정보의 다양성에 비추어 볼 때 매우 단편적인 것임을 지적하지 않을 수 없다. 따라서 종래의 증거수집 절차와 방법을 기본으로 하되, 점증하는 디지털증거의 중요성을 감안하여 디지털증거의 수집과 관련한 입법의 공백을 메우는 작업이 하루속히 진행되어야 하며, 이에 부응하여 현대의 범죄에 맞는 새로운 수사의 패러다임으로의 전환과 보완이 필요하다. 다만, 복잡하고 다양화되고 있는 디지털환경을 고려할 때 디지털증거의 수집에 대한 입법에 있어서도 형사소송법이나 통신비밀보호법 등, 기존의 개별 법률의 일부 수정이 아니라 이것에 대한 종합적이고 독립한 입법(가칭 `디지털증거수집 및 증거조사에 관한 법률`)을 제정할 것이 요청된다. Our social environment have been changed and is changing from the analog age to digital age. Most information of the day are produced by digital methods. These informations are used as a material to prove that the accused is guilty in criminal procedure. We call these new type of evidences as digital evidence. Digital evidence function importantly in investigation and judgement of not only computer crimes but also general crimes, specially white-color crimes, business crimes and mass group crimes etc. in the present. But we don`t have any clause for the collecting of digital evidence in the current Criminal Procedure Act(C.P.A). C.P.A. § 106 ① provide only that "When it is necessary, a court may seize any articles which, it believes, may be used as evidence, or liable to confiscation except as otherwise provided in this or other Acts." But digital information or date is not articles. Nevertheless, our investigative agency seize and search digital evidence without any legal basis in the current practices of investigation. Digital forensics is new investigation method developed for searching and identifying digital evidence. We need new investigative methods for collecting digital evidence in digital ages. Digital evidence is different to general material evidence because it easy to forge, delete and modify. But we also give attention that it easy to infringe privacy guaranteed by constitutional law. Therefore it is demanded a legal bounds and a warrant served by judge in order that investigative agency collect digital evidence. But CPA and related regulations has not yet revised or introduced the definite legal bounds about collecting digital evidence. Now, bills about revision of CPA, for establishing a legal basis upon which to justify collecting of digital evidence by investigation agency, have been proposed by members of the National Assembly. So, in this paper. I will excise about whether these bills are reasonable or not as provision about collecting of digital evidence. And I will suggest we have to enact a new legislation as a comprehensive, detailed law about collecting of digital evidence in investigation and taking methods of digital evidence in court.

직장내 성희롱의 시정신청 사례에 관한 고찰

강동욱(Kang, DongWook) 한양법학회 2009 漢陽法學 Vol.25 No.-

In Korea, sexual harassment is regarded as an art of discrimination based on gender in the employment relations after Gender Discrimination Prohibit and Relief Act was enacted in 1999. And according to this Act, Gender Discrimination Improvement Commission(GDIC) of the Minister of Gender Equality had dealt with applications about sexual harassment from 2002 to 2005. But Gender Discrimination Prohibit and Relief Act is abolished on July 2005. And instead of it sexual harassment is ruled as a discrimination act of equality right violence by a revised National Human Rights Commission Act on July 2005 and the National Human Rights Commission(NHRC) has a right to decide about sexual harassment since then. Therefore in this paper, I will examine and study on Gender Discrimination Improvement Commission's decisions on sexual harassment in the workplace in comparison with the NHRC's decisions. And I will check about cases and their characteristics of GDIC's decisions.

노인학대에 대한 「노인복지법」상 대응과 그 개선방안

강동욱(Kang Dong Wook) 조선대학교 법학연구원 2018 法學論叢 Vol.25 No.2

우리 사회가 고령화사회가 되면서 노인을 대상으로 한 범죄가 늘어나고 있는 한편, 노인학대 문제도 심각한 사회문제가 되어 가고 있다. 즉, 우리 사회에서 노인의 수가 증가하면서 노인에 대한 존경심과 배려가 약해지고, 노인의 수명이 늘어나면서 노인 부양에 대한 부담이 증가함에 따라 노인학대가 증가하고 있고, 그 정도도 심각한 지경에 이르고 있다. 하지만 노인학대방지를 위한 법적·제도적 장치는 충분하지 않다. 특히 노인학대의 경우에는 자기방임이 심각한 문제로 지적되고 있는 등, 학대피해노인의 특성에 따른 대책이 강구되고 있지 못한 면도 있다. 뿐만 아니라 노인학대에 대한 대책에 있어서도 아동학대의 경우와 달리 학대방지를 위한 독립법률을 제정·시행하고 있는 것이 아니라 「노인복지법」에서 일부 규정을 통해 규율하고 있음에 지나지 않고, 노인보호전문기관의 수도 상대적으로 매우 적어서 학대피해노인에 대한 보호나 지원 또한 상당히 열악한 수준에 있다. 이에 본고에서는 「노인복지법」을 중심으로 하여 노인학대에 관한 법제의 발달과정을 살펴보고, 노인학대를 효율적으로 방지하기 위한 개선방안을 제시하였다. 구체적인 방안으로는 (i) 노인학대에 관한 규정체계의 정비, (ii) 용어의 정리, (iii) 학대피해노인의 보호와 지원 강화, (iv) 학대신고의무자의 확대, (iv) 학대행위자에 대한 서비스의 강제화 등을 들 수 있다. As our society became rapidly an aging society, problems of the elder are increasing in numbers. Among them, the elder abuse comes to the fore as a serious problem of the society. Therefore, on 29 January 2004, in amendment of 「Welfare of Older Persons Act : WOPA」, the government had made a legal basis on measures to prevent elder abuse, and since then, revised and complemented it numerous times. Also the government established institutions and the policies for protection of the abused elder according to international standards. However, questions are being asked as to effectiveness of measures to prevent elder abuse and protect to the abused elder. Some People think that such questions result from insufficiency of the provision of WOPA as to elder abuse. Therefore, in this paper, after looking over the enactment and revision of provisons as to elder abuse in WOPA, I suggest points to modify and to make up this Act to achieve effectively the protection of the abused elder and the improvement of elder abusers. It is as follows : (i) regulation arrangement as to elder abuse, (ii) arrangement of terms, (iii) strengthening of protect and support for the abused elder, (iv) expansion of persons obligated to report elder abuse, (iv) compulsion of services on elder abusers.

“노인학대범죄의 처벌 등에 관한 특례법(안)”상 노인학대범죄의 처벌에 대한 검토와 개선방안

강동욱 ( Dong Wook Kang ) 한국법정책학회 2015 법과 정책연구 Vol.15 No.2

As our society became rapidly an aging society, problems of the aged are increasing in numbers. Among them, the aged abuse comes to the fore as a serious problem of the society. Therefore, on 29 January 2004, in amendment of 「Welfare of the Aged Act : WAA」, after making a legal basis on prevention and measures of the aged abuse, the government revised and complemented it three times. Also it established the aged protection institution and the policy for them were made and enforced to protect the aged abuse victims according to international standards. However, questions are being asked regarding effectiveness of measures for prevention of the aged abuse and protection of the aged abuse victims. Some People think that such questions result from insufficiency of the existing provision of WAA as to the aged abuse. For this reason, recently in National Assembly, there was a movement for enactment of 「Act on Special Cases concerning the Punishment, etc. of the Aged Abuse Crime」 which is an independent Act regarding the aged abuse. Therefore in this paper I critically examine substantial law parts of this Bill from the perspective of the criminal law and suggest points to modify and to make up this Bill. To make this Bill to function as a law for the protection of the aged victims and the improvement of assailants, I suggest (i) a clarification of an age norm of the aged and types of the aged abuse, (ii) a reduction of object of the aged abuse crime and an extension of subject of the abuse, (iii) a deletion of aggravated punishment provinces against the aged abuse crime, (iv) a reduction of statutory punishment of task performance obstruction, (v) a preparation of security devices for performance of condition in the conditional suspension of indictment by prosecutor, (vi) a preparation of devices to prevent a recurrence of abuse when given a suspended sentence.

형사절차상 내사의 의의와 한계

강동욱(Kang, DongWook) 한양법학회 2012 漢陽法學 Vol.23 No.2

Pre-investigation activities refer to activities that the judicial police and the public prosecutor confidentially perform to find out someone’ criminal suspicion before they investigate about him as the suspect by criminal booking. They called as “an interim investigation case” too. Pre-investigation activities are being used by the investigatory organizations as one of the effective methods for criminal investigation. But the legal ground of Pre-investigation activities is not clear. Some peoples assert that their legal ground can be found in the Art. 199 of the Criminal Procedure Act. The others assert that their legal ground can be found from general provisons about the official authority of the investigatory organizations. In our country, there are the presidential decree and the justice ministry ordinance as the exiting regulations about pre-investigation activities. But I think that they can be served as legal ground for pre-investigation activities by the investigatory organizations because they are merely internal administrative rule. Therefore we have to enact the law that regulate immediately about the pre-investigation activities. The compulsory measures of the investigatory organizations in the criminal procedure have to regulate by the law. And the investigatory organizations can’ do any legal disposition against the person who was subject to inquire in course of pre-investigation activities, because the examinee is not the suspect. Someone assert pre-investigation activities can be included under the category of the investigation by expanding the concept of investigation. But The Supreme Court declared that if the investigatory organizations had to do some legal disposition in course of pre-investigation activities, it is the investigation, not pre-investigation activities. And it is not allowed expect the special case, like the organized crime, the business crime etc. that the investigatory organizations make the direct inquiry against the examinee in course of pre-investigation activities although it is are voluntary.