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민병철,김종향,김병관 ( Byoung Chul Min,Jong Hyang Kim,Byung Kwan Kim ) 한국공업화학회 1997 공업화학 Vol.8 No.3
방향족 오염물을 UV산화- 고도산화처리기술로 처리할 때, 여러 가지 반응조건에 따른 분해효율에 대해 고찰하였다. 벤젠 50pmm, 에틸벤젠 150ppm, 크실렌 250ppm을 각각 초기농도로하여 UV조사 하에서 시간변화에 따른 분해실험을 행한 결과, 반응 1시간 후 약 95% 이상의 분해율을 나타내었으나, 톨루엔의 경우에는 43%의 분해율을 보였다. 단일성분이 혼합성분에서 보다 분해가 좋았으며, pH변화에서는 벤젠은 pH변화에 관계없이 분해가 잘되었으며, 에틸벤젠 92%(pH 4.0), 90%(pH 6.4), 91%(pH 10.0), 크실렌 95%(pH 4.0), 90%(pH 6.4), 92%(pH 10.0), 그러나 톨루엔은 80%(pH 4.0), 43%(pH 6.4), 70%(pH 10.0)의 분해율을 나타내었다. 방향족 오염물의 TOC 감소는 에틸벤젠을 제외하고는 유사 1차 반응속도식에 일치하였으며, 이로부터 속도상수를 결정할 수 있었다. Aromatic pollutants(benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes) were photodegraded by using a UV oxidation and the rates of degradation were investigated under various reaction conditions. Each of the solution containing 50 ppm benzene, 150 ppm ethylbenzene and 250 ppm xylenes was found UV-photodegraded over 90% in 1 hour of reaction time, wheras the only was 43% of degradation was obtained with 350 ppm toluene solution. A single component solution was more degradable than a mixed component solution and benzene was almost photodegraded at a pH 4.0, 6.4 and 10.0 after reaction time is 1 hr, ehtylbenzene was photodegraded about 92%(pH 4.0), 90%(pH 6.4) and 91%(pH 10.0), xylenes was photodegraded about 95%(pH 4.0), 90%(pH 6.4) and 92%(pH 10.0), but toluene was photodegraded about 80%(pH 40), 43%(pH 6.4) and 70%(pH 10.0), respectively. Kinetics studies show that the rate of decay in TOC(total organic carbon) were pseudo first-order rate except ethylbenzene, and then we could evaluate mineralization rate constants(k) of aromatics.
김병식(Byung Sik Kim),이승규(Sung Gyu Lee),박건춘(Kun Choon Park),민병철(Pyung Chul Min),박광민(Kwang Min Park),권태원(Tae Won Kwon),이규호(Gyu Ho Lee),홍석준(Suck Joon Hong) 대한소화기학회 1993 대한소화기학회지 Vol.25 No.6
N/A Acute cholecystitis is a common disease in surgical field. The management of this disease has been steadily improved over the years, but its treatment has been controversial (early or delayed operation). Acute cholecystitis is mainly caused by cystic duct obstruction by gallstone. The incidence of biliary stone is increased with aging, and old age group is highly likely to have local complications such as GB empyema, GB gangrene, generalized peritonitis by perforation, and pericholecystic abscess. We have analyzed 1156 patients (male 532, female 624; l:l.17) who hve undergone operations due to biliary stone during June 1989 to December 1991 in the general surgery department of Asan Medical Center. Amone those cases, we were more concentrated on analyzing two major categories. The first involved in the acute cholecystitis were 75 cases and the other involving their local complications were in the followings; 60 cases of GB empyema, 5 cases of GB gantrene, 2 cases of GB perforation and 2 cases of pericholecystic abscess. (Total 114 cases) Our results show that most of the delayed operations in mostly older male group tend to have postoperative complications when especially DM is accompanied with. In addition, the postoperative complications also appear to increase in GB empyema, GB gangrene, GB perforation, and pericholecystiic abscess. Therefore, we conclude from our study to recommend these patients to have a rather prompt operation.
최병욱,조용필,유시준,김인구,민병철,Choi, Byung-Uk,Cho, Yong-Pil,Yoo, Shi-Joon,Kim, In-Koo,Min, Pyung-Chul 대한소아외과학회 1996 소아외과 Vol.2 No.1
Congenital duplication of the gallbladder, including true duplication and septated gallbladder, is an uncommon but potentially complicated malformation. It presents biliary colic associated with acute or chronic cholecystitis. It can be diagnosed preoperatively by various imaging tools such as real-time ultrasonography, biliary scintigraphy, oral cholecystography, or endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. It can be safely managed by either laparoscopic or open procedures. This report describes a 6-year-old girl with true duplication of gallbladder diagnosed preoperatively by real-time ultrasonography and treated by open cholecystectomy.
반복사운드 활용이 게임 유저의 몰입에 미치는 영향 분석
김완석(Wan-Suk Kim),윤재선(Jae-Sun Yun),임찬(Chan Lim),민병철(Byung-Chul Min) 한국콘텐츠학회 2010 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.10 No.3
게임 콘텐츠(game contents) 속 몰입을 위한 요소는 영상, 게임 인터페이스(game interface) 등 여러가지이지만 그 중에서도 사운드(sound)의 첨예한 운용은 게임 개발에 있어 고려되어야 할 중요한 요소로 작용한다. 게임 유저(game user)는 적절한 조건이 충족되면 게임 안에서 몰입하여 과제를 해결한다. 이러한 조건을 위해 게임 속 몰입 요소들이 존재하는데, 본 연구에서는 그 중에서도 사운드의 운용 방법중에 특히 반복적인 사운드를 통해 유저를 몰입하게 만드는 과정을 미하이 칙센트미하이 (Csikszentmihalyi. M)의 플로(flow)이론, 도너 호프만(Donna L. Hoffman)과 토마스 노박(Thomas P. Novak)의 플로변인을 통해 분석하고, 진행과정에서 선행연구인 게임과 몰입간의 시각적 관점의 분석과도 비교한다. 분석 텍스트(text)로는 퐁포코(Ponpoko, Sigma Enterprise Inc., 1981), 바이오해저드4(BioHazard 4, Capcom, 2007)를 선정하여 해당 텍스트 중 반복적인 사운드와 일반적인 사운드를 구분해 설문조사를 실시했다. 분석을 위해 사용한 방법은 빈도분석, 다변량 분산분석이다. There are elements for the game user get into the emotion of flow (the mental state of operation in which the person is fully immersed in what he or she is doing by a feeling of energized focus, full involvement, and success in the process of the activity). In game contents, for example, a considerable sophisticated application of 'sound' is one of the important elements must be considered for a qualified game development process. If a proper audio condition is satisfied, a game user is intrinsically solving problems by auditorial sense and the participant get into immersing into the game spontaneously. There are elements in game contents storytelling for the user to be in flow condition, this study will be analyzing a game user's flowing, especially with repetitive usage of sound. To be accurate, 'flow analysis' of Csikszentmihalyi. M, and 'flow factors' of Donna L. Hoffman & Thomas P. Novak, in addition, would be proper references in the research. comparing to a precedent study that analyzed a game and flow focused on visual elements. Ponpoko(Sigma Enterprise Inc., 1981) and Bio Hazard 4(Capcom, 2007) will be given as the main texts. To achieve the desired proposition in the study, user's reaction is monitored by listening repeatable and ordinary sound. Questionnaires are including Frequency Analysis, MANOVA(multivariate analysis of variance).