가잠에 있어서 이종강세에 대한 고찰

김낙정 한국잠사학회 1961 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.1 No.-

가잠에 있어 교잡제1대가 실용상 유리한것은 1841년 Robinert씨가 처음 실험한 보고가 있었고 일본에 있어서는 1906년 외출구태랑씨가 구주관후 귀국즉시 일대잡종이 경제상 유리한 점을 주장하면서 일방으로는 국립잠업시험장에서 우선 시험하여 장려해온 결과 1912 년경부터 점차보급되어 기후 1920년경에는 사견의 전부가 일대잡종으로 전환되었다. 1917년 일본잠업시험장 보고에 의하면(총괄적보고) 1. 일반으로 사육일수는 원종의 어느편보다 또는 기평균식보다 단축한다. (중략)

다화성(多化性) 잠저승(蠶저蠅)의 생태학적(生態學的) 연구(硏究)

김낙정 ( Nak Chung Kim ),임종성 ( Chong Sung Lim ) 한국잠사학회 1966 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.6 No.-

1. 일반곤충에 있어서와는 반대는 ♂이 우보다 크다. 2. 일두성충의 산란 가능수는 평균 225란이다. 3. 산란된 란의 부화기간은 3일 내외이다. 4. 부화된 유충의 완숙기간은 약 14일 내외이다. 5. 유충의 기생으로 인한 기주의 폐사하기까지의 기간은 산란수에 반비례한다. 6. 화용 후 우화까지의 기간은 14일로서 온도의 고저와 관련된다. 1. On the contrary to the general insect size, male is larger than female. 2. The possible number of eggs, the maximum number of eggs per a morh is average 225 eggs. 3. The periods of the eggs laid is around 3 days. 4. The growth period of larva is about 14 days. 5. The period from the unifection to death is an indirect proportion to number of the eggs. 6. The period from the pupation to flying is about 14 days, depending upon the temperature.

방향식물(芳香植物)이 누에 생리(生理)에 미치는 영향(影響)

김낙정 ( N. J. Kim ),전대략 ( D. R. Chon ) 한국잠사학회 1962 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.2 No.-

春夏秋 三期飼育에 있어서 硏究調査한 結果 本試驗에서 다음과 같은 結果를 얻었다. 1. Menthol의 上記添食試驗에서 Menthol의 1%內에서는 蠶兒의 生理에 何等의 影響이 없다는 結果를 얻었다. 이 結果는 누에의 上記한 實用形質 全面에 걸쳐 無害이며 또 有益하다는 點도 發見치 못하였다. 2. 薄荷를 桑田에 間作하여 支障이 없음이 硏明되었으며 薄荷葉에 摩擦된 桑葉을 蠶兒에 結與하여도 누에 生理에 何等影響이 없다. 3. 들깨(荏)에 있어서도 2項과 同一하다. 4. 結論的으로 薄荷의 桑田間作은 無害로운 作物로 思料되며 들깨의 桑田間作도 農民들이 忌避하는 傾向이 있으나 蠶兒에는 何等影響이 없다. The results for the investigation of the various aromatic plants applied diets on silkworm raising from spring to autumn crops are found as followings. 1. There was no difference between the chemical menthol solution (1.0%) enriched diet and the normal diet for silkworm physiology. Neither injury nor advantage was obtained from the investigation. 2. It was found that there was no danger to use the mulberry leaves as silkworm diet by planting Mentha arvensis L. in the vacansy of mulberry farm, and no worse effect was found by rubbing the leaves of Mentha arvensis L. to the surface of mulberry leaves before feeding to silkworm. 3. For the investigation due to Perilla Ocymoides var application in stead of menthol plant ascribed in Paragraph (2) was obtained the same result. 4. As a conclusion of the study, the plantation of the both aromatical plants with mulberry trees is harmless for silkworm growing even though farmers worry about these to plant together with mulberry tree on mulberry farm.

다화성잠저승(多化性蠶저蠅)(Tricholyga sorbillans Wiedmann)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

김낙정 ( N. J. Kim ),박광의 ( K. E. Park ),강석권 ( S. K. Kang ) 한국잠사학회 1968 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.8 No.-

1. 수원지방에서 다화성잠저승의 세대회수는 5~6회이다. 2. 다화성잠저승의 란, 유충, 용, 기간은 대체적으로 2일, 8일, 18일 간이다. 3. 기상조건 특히 온도에 대하여 본충의 세대기간은 큰 영향을 받는다. 각세대중에서 가장 짧은 세대는 제3세대로서 21일 14시간이고 가장 긴 세대는 제5세대로서 약 40일 간이다. 4. 가잠에 기생한 본충의 유충은 탈출 후 3.5cm~10.5cm 토중으로 들어가 화용한다. 5. 다화성잠저승은 용태월동을 하지 않고 유충태월동을 한다고 생각된다. 6. 실외사육에 있어서 본충에 대한 피해는 27.9%였다. 7. 견잠에 있어서 다화성잠저승의 피해를 받을지라도 영견가능하고 견질에 대하여 큰 영향이 없다. 8. 수견 후 본충의 전국 피해조사에 있어서 춘잠기가 6.36%, 추잠기가 4.09%, 년간 5.25%였다. This study was carried out to investigate the life cycle and the damage of Tricholyga sorbillans Wiedmann to silkworms(Bombyx mori L.). The results are summarized as follows. 1. This insect has 5 or 6 generations per year in Suwon area. 2. The egg, larval, and pupal stage are about 2, 8 and 18 days respectively. 3. The weather conditions considerably affect the life cycle, that is, the 3rd generation is the shortest of all, lasting for 21 days and l4 hours, and the 5th generation is the longest for about 40 days. 4. The larvae come out of silkworm bodies, burrowing into the ground 3.5cm to 10.5cm in depth before changing into the pupae. 5. This insect does not overwinter as pupa, but seems to do as larva, parasiting on the field insects. 6. The damage of Tricholyga sorbillans Wiedmann to silkworm was 27.9%, it is so high that the silk worms could not be reared outside without a reasonable control method. 7. When the full-grown silkworm is parasited by one egg of these insects, there is not only enough possibility of spinning, but also without any effects of their larvae on the cocoon quality. 8. The damage of Tricholyga sorbillans Wiedmann throughout the country covers 6.36% in spring, 4.09% in fall, and 5.25% yearly mean.

가잠(家蠶)에 있어서 잡종강세(雜種强勢)에 대(對)한 고찰(考察)

김낙정 ( Nak Jung Kim ) 한국잠사학회 1960 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.1 No.-

건강잠(健康蠶) 및 핵다각체(核多角體) 이병잠(罹病蠶)의 체액단백질(體液蛋白質)의 전기영동상(電氣泳動像)

김낙정 ( N. J. Kim ),강석권 ( S. K. Kang ),김정일 ( J. I. Kim ) 한국잠사학회 1971 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.13 No.2

누에의 성장에 따른 단백질분획의 변화 및 핵다각체이병잠의 체액의 단백질분획의 변화를 agarose gel을 지지체로 한 전기영동에 의하여 조사하였던 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 4령기에는 4개의 단백질 분획이 나타났으며 령기가 진전됨에 따라서 염색의 농도가 짙어졌다. 2. 5령 1일에는 5개의 분획이, 5영 4일에는 5개의 분획이 나타났다. 3. 5영 5일 이후의 건강잠의 체액 중에는 양극 쪽으로 이동하는 7개의 단백질 분획과 음극 쪽으로 이동하는 1개의 분획이 분리되었다. 4. 핵다각체 Virus를 첨식시킨 이병잠의 체액단백질 중에서 5령 6일 7일에는 D,E,F 분획이 증가되는 경향이 있고 5령 8일에는 A,B,D,E 분획은 소실되고 F분획은 감소되는 경향이 있다. By means of thin-layer electrophoresis in agarose gel, hemolymph protein of healthy silkworm larvae and of the nuclear polygedrosis virus infected larvae were studied. 1. In the 4th instar, 4 fractions moving toward anode were separated. Dye-binding Capacity of the fraction was increased according to the stage. 2. After 5th day in the 5th instar, 7 fractions moving toward anode were separated, and one fraction toward cathode was separated. 3. On the first day in the 5th instar, 5 fractions were separated, and on the 4th day of the same instar 5 fractions were separated. 4. As for the hemolymph protein fractions of the polyhedrosis virus infected larvae, on the 6th and 7th day, three fractions(D.E.F) were inclined to increase, whereas on the 8th day 4 fractions(A.B.D.E) were disappeared but F fraction was inclined to decrease.

絹絲 LOUSINESS에 對한 硏究 (Ⅱ)

崔炳熙,金洛禎,朴光義,南重熙 서울대학교 1964 서울대학교 論文集 Vol.15 No.-

This treatise was carried out to study the heredity phenomenon of silk lousiness and the interaction of genes related with silk lousiness. It was also studied how to improve the silk lousiness of general raw silk by refining process because the mutational or selective process was found as unsatisfactory method. The conclusion reached were as follows. A. Conclusions related with genetic problem. 1. The decreased effects of the lousiness were 11% in the F₁hybrids. 2. Lousiness was considered to inherit as the incomplete dominance. 3. The effects of the lousiness gene were additive, and the lousiness of raw silk might be influenced by more than two genes. 4. The quantitative characters of cocoons were not genetically correlated with the occurance of lousiness. 5. Lousiness could not be said to occur more in the heavy-cocoon strains. 6. The microscopic lousiness test of this paper showed the same result of the international exforiation test. B. Conclusions related with lousiness improvement. 1. Raw silk was able to refine by the employment of 0.2% cationic softener solution for 30 minutes at 95℃ refining bath without the occurance of lousiness. 2. Anionic chemical softener was not available for silk refining process. 3. The above cationic softener refining process did not cause any physical defect for the silk fiber. 4. Soap refining process caused silk lousiness easily.

絹絲 LOUSINESS 에 對한 硏究(Ⅰ)

崔炳熙,金洛禎,朴光義,南重熙 서울대학교 1963 서울대학교 論文集 Vol.14 No.-

This treatise is to set up a fundermental condition of checking silk lousiness and to set up a new improving method of cocoon bave lousiness after suer refining treatment. It is also studied whether silk lousiness can be eliminated through the observation of the silk gland or the lousiness can be able to improve through such a study. The conclusions obtained in this paper are as follows. 1. Silk lousiness is able to be observed most properly when the light direction and the fiber direction is paralleled in plan view of the silk cloth and the greater the angle between them is, the less the lousiness is observed. When, however, the angle is greater than some specific angle (30˚), no more lousiness is observed. This specific angle was named by the author as Lousiness Horizontal Critical Angle. 2. Silk lousiness can be observed when the angle of light incidense against the silk cloth is six degree, while the large the angle is, the less the lousiness is observed. When, however, the angle is greater than some specific angle(45˚), the lousiness disappears. Such a specific angle was named by the author as Lousiness vertical Critical Angles. 3. The best textile composition to decrease lousiness defect is plan weave, while twill and satin weave show more lousiness with same silk fiber. 4. Lousiness was classified as Lousiness A, B and C of which A was the general lousiness, B was the group type, and C was the glucose type one, and the standard photographs for the lousiness grading of these types were prepared. 5. The proper soap refining hours of silk for lousiness test was determined as eight hours. 6. The greater the difference of fiber diameter between the cocoon single bave and the splitend was, the more lousiness was composed. The normal splitends were measured as 1/4-1/5 of the main fiber. 7. The lousiness was found at the cocoon shape ends more than other parts, and found at the middle cocoon layer than other layer which was imagined to be as a result of poor uniform bave spinning of silk worm. 8. Male cocoon had more lousiness than the female cocoon. 9. It was found that there was a great possibility to have the splitends through the observation of the anatomical silk gland, and the author reached as conclusion that the lousiness can be improved some only be elimination of abnormal silk gland from the breeding aspects. 10. The cocoon bave of the offspring after super refining lousiness test and selection showed more improved lousiness defect than that of the parent.

견사(絹絲) Lousiness에 대(對)한 연구(硏究) (1)

최병희 ( B. H. Choe ),김낙정 ( N. C. Kim ),박광의 ( K. E. Park ),남중희 ( C. H. Nam ) 한국잠사학회 1963 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.3 No.-

본 실험은 견직물 Lousiness의 가시조건을 세우고 잠견 Lousiness 검사를 초제련에 의하여 새로운 검사기준을 규정하는 동시에 견사선해부관찰로서 Lousiness 근절가능성과 잠견 Lousiness의 개선여부를 검사하는 데 목적이 있으며 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 직물섬유방향이 광선방향과 평면도입장에서 일치할 때 가장 잘 보인다. 그러나 광선방향과 섬유방향의 평면 각도가 커질수록 Lousiness 출현이 감소하고 어느 한계각(30도)을 초과하면 Lousiness가 보이지 않는다. 이 각도를 Lousiness 수평임계각(Lousiness Horizontal Critical Angle)이라고 명명하였다. 2. 광선의 대직물입사각도가 6도일 때 가장 잘 보이고 입사각도가 커짐에 따라 Lousiness 출현정도가 감소하고 역시 어느 한계각도(45도)를 초과하면 Lousiness가 보이지 않는다. 이 때의 한계각도를 Lousiness 수직임계각(Lousiness Vertical Critical Angle)이라고 명명하였다. 3. 직물조직으로서는 평직이 Lousiness 출현도가 가장 적고, 능직, 및 교직은 그의 출현도가 크다. 4. Lousiness를 3가지로 대별하고 일반세섬유형을 Lousiness A, 집단형을 Lousiness B, glucose형을 Lousiness C로 명명하였으며, 평점에 필요한 표준사진을 작성하였다. 5. 초정련방법으로서 8시간이 적당하였다. 6. 주섬유와 세섬유의 직경차가 클수록 Lousiness 발생이 심하며 일반 Lousiness는 주견단계의 1/4∼1/5의 직경이었다. 7. 견부위별로는 견양단부견층부위별로는 중층에 Lousiness가 많았는데 이것은 토계영견중의 견사긴완차에 기인한다. 8. 자웅간에는 자견이 웅견보다 Lousiness가 많았다. 9. 견사선해부로서 정상견사선에도 세섬유화할 가능성이 있음을 구명하였고, 여러 가지 이상견사선으로 Lousiness가 발생하게 되는 소인이 있음을 알았다. 또 Lousiness의 품종도태로 인한 개선은 이상견사선제거로 어느 정도 가능할 뿐이다. 10. 도태 후 차대견계는 초정련법으로 도태한 바 많은 효과를 얻었다. This treatise is to set up a fundamental condition of checking silk lousiness and to set up a new improving method of cocoon bave lousiness after super refining treatment. It is also studied whether silk lousiness can be eliminated through the observation of the silk gland, or the lousiness can be able to improve through such a study. The conclusions obtained in this paper are as follows. 1. Silk lousiness is able to be observed most properly when the light direction and the fiber direction are parallel in plan view of the silk cloth and the greater the angle between them is, the less the lousiness is observed. When, however, the angle is greater than some specific angle(30°), no more lousiness is observed. This specific angle is named by the author as Lousiness Horizontal Critical Angle. 2. Silk lousiness can be observed when the angle of light incidence against the silk cloth is six degrees, while the larger the angle is, the less the lousiness is observed. When, however, the angle is greater than same specific angle(45°) the lousiness disappears. Such a specific angle is named by the author as Lousiness Vertical Critical Angle. 3. The best textile composition to decrease lousiness defect is plan weave, while twill and satin weave show more lousiness with the same silk fiber. 4. Lousiness was classified as Lousiness A, B, and C of which A was the general lousiness, B was the group type, and C was the glucose type and the standard photographs for the lousiness grading of these types were prepared. 5. The proper soap-refining hours of silk for lousiness test was eight hours. 6. The greater the difference of fiber diameter between the cocoon single bave and the splitend was the more lousiness was composed. The normal splitends were measured as 1/4-1/5 of the main fiber. 7. The lousiness was found at the cocoon shape ends more than other parts, and found at the middle cocoon layer than other layer which was imagined to be as a result of poor uniform bave spinning of silk worm. 8. Female cocoon had more lousiness than the male cocoon. 9. It was found that there was a great possibility to have the splitends through the observation of the anatomical silkgland, and the author reached a conclusion that the lousiness can be improved to a certain degree only by the elimination of abnormal silk gland from the breeding aspects. 10. The cocoon bave of the offspring after super refining lousiness test and selection showed more improved lousiness defect than that of the parents.

견사(絹사) Lousiness에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (2)

최병희 ( B. H. Choe ),김낙정 ( N. C. Kim ),박광의 ( K. E. Park ),남중희 ( C. H. Nam ) 한국잠사학회 1964 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.4 No.-

본 연구는 견사 lousiness와 유전관련성을 구명하여 도태가능성 여부를 조사하는 반면, 그 외 도태가능성이 불완전하였으므로 정련방법의 개량으로 인하여 lousiness의 개선을 기도하였던 바 얻어진 결론은 다음과 같았다. (A) lousiness의 유전관계문제 1. 교잡에 의한 lousiness 감소는 11.0%이었다. 2. lousiness의 유전은 불완전우성으로 유전한다. 3. lousiness를 발생하는 유전은 누적적으로 작용하고 2종 이상의 유전자가 lousiness 발생에 작용하는 것으로 고찰된다. 4. 잠견의 실용형질과 lousiness와는 유전상관관계가 없다. 5. 다계량계통의 잠품종에서 반드시 lousiness의 발생이 많다고 할 수 없다. 6. 본 실험에서의 lousiness 검경은 생계의 exforiation 시험결과와 동일하였다. (B) 정련에 의한 lousiness 개선문제 1. 양 ion계 화학연화제 0.2% 용액을 95℃ 하에서 30분간 처리할 때 lousiness 발생을 억제하면서 정련할 수 있었다. 2. 음 ion계 화학연화제는 생사정련에 불합격하였다. 3. 양 ion계 연화제를 상기조건하에 처리할 때 견사의 물리적성질에 변화가 없었다. 4. 석검정련은 lousiness 발생을 용이하게 시킨다. This treatise was carried out to study the hereditary phenomenon of silk lousiness and the interaction of genes related with silk lousiness. It was also studied how to improve the silk lousiness of general raw silk by refining process because the selective process was found as unsatisfactory method. The conclusions reached were as follows. A. Conclusions related with genetic problem. 1. The decreased effects of the lousiness were 11 % in the F1 hybrids. 2. Lousiness was considered to inherit as the incomplete dominance. 3. The effects of the lousiness gene were additive, and the lousiness of raw silk might be influenced by more than two genes. 4. The quantitative characters of cocoons were not genetically correlated with the occurrence of lousiness. 5. Lousiness could not be said to occur more in the heavy-cocoon strains. 6. The microscopic lousiness test of this paper showed the same result of the international exforiation test. B. Conclusions related with lousiness improvement. 1. Raw silk was able to be refined by the employment of 0.2% cationic softener solution for 30 minutes at 95℃, supressing the occurrence of lousiness. 2. Anionic chemical softener was not available for silk refining process. 3. The above cationic softener refining prosess did not cause any physical defect for the silk fiber. 4. Soap refining process caused silk lousiness easily.