2LJ-4 Electrochemically Enhanced metabolic regulation for platform and intermediate chemical production

김중래 한국공업화학회 2017 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2017 No.1

Bioelectrochemical system (BES) uses electrochemically active microorganism which can interact with carbon electrode as electron donor and/or accepter. Recently the electrochemical activity of whole cell microorganism has been introduced into novel BES based bioprocess which promotes biological conversion of various substrates to value added chemicals. The control of microbe-electrode interaction possibly can increase productivity and yield of bioconversion process. It has been reported that commodity chemicals such as methane, acetate, ethanol and buthanol can be produced by biotic cathodic reduction using controlled poised potential, and electron recovery into chemicals shows over 80%. In this presentation, recent research outcomes of unbalanced bioelectrochemical conversion by the use of wild and genetically engineered strains will be presented. BES and its future perspective of application for useful product and biorefinery process will be discussed.

Prospects of genetic engineered Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 for the production of 3-hydroxy propionic acid and its potential in bioelectrochemical system

김중래,( Ganapathiraman Munussami ),( Somasundar Ashok ),송영은,이선구,박성훈 한국공업화학회 2015 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2015 No.1

Internal redox imbalance, which is caused due to undisposed electrons, leading to high byproduct production, less conversion yield and eventually increase the final purification cost of process, is a major hurdle in biological production of platform chemicals. Here we employed genetic engineered Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and demonstrated the controlling of intracellular NADH/NAD+ redox balance without affecting the production in batch cultures. S. oneidensis MR-1 can intrinsically transfer electrons directly to terminal electron acceptors (TEA) through a process called extracellular electron transfer (EET). We showed the prospects of biological production of 3-HP by a recombinant S. oneidensis MR-1 dhaB gdrAB KGSADH strain grown in a conical flask as a batch culture with chemical mediators and TEA and its prospect in Electrochemical Bioreactor Array (EBA).

헬리콥터 로타-몸체의 구조진동 특성

오상경,박영필,김형찬,김중래 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 1984 논문집 Vol.16 No.2

The dynamic coupling between the rotor and the fuselage system of a simplified helicopter model in hover is analytically investigated. A finite element model of the beam motion is formulated through the extended Hamilton's principle. The model is based on a beam finite element with polynomial mass and stiffness distributions for both the rotor and fuselage systems. For these analytical models, symmetric and non-symmetric fuselages and collective blade systems are treated. Real and complex eigenanalyses are carried out to obtain coupled rotor-fuselage natural modes and frequencies as a function of rotor speed. Vibration response results are obtained for the coupled system subjected to a radially uniform, harmonic loading.

세포내 산화 · 환원 전위 제어를 위한 생물전기화학반응의 새로운 응용

김중래 한국생물공학회 2016 BT NEWS Vol.23 No.2

都屯理 참김 養殖場에 對한 硏究 (I) : 큰 참김의 移植效果와 施肥에 의한 增産效果

金重來,金容菫 군산대학교 1978 群山水産專門大學 硏究報告 Vol.12 No.2

The effects of transplanting P. tenera kjellman, form tamatsuensis Miura, a new species of laver, and springkling nitrogenous manures over fronds for the growth and production were studied in Do Dun Ri culture ground along the coast of Bi In bay located at Soe chon Gun, Chung choeng Nam Do. The laver farm have been inferior to southern province in both quality and quantity. We investigated into sush various environmental factors as water temperature, salinity, nutrient contents of sea water by which the growth of laver is affected. The eperiments were carried out from Apr. 1977 to Apr, 1978 and the results of these studies are summerized as follows. (1) The effect of transplanting Porphyra tenera kjellman, form tamatsuensis Miura, showed 138% in the rate of production. By the springkling manures over fronds, the rate of production was increased to 121-142%, and the most effective manure among the nitrigenous manures for paddy was urea in quality and nitrate nitrogen in quantity. The daily growth of P. tenera kjell, form tamatsuensis M. was 27.07% and P yezoensis U. form narawaensis M. 24.53%. (2) The nitrogen contents of p. tenera Kjellman to dry weight was from 4. 13% to 1.98%, and by the springkling manure they were kept more than 4.0%. (3) We are sure that the poorly nutrient contents of sea water, the freezing in the culture bed exposed to severe cold air, and the excessive lower temperature of sea water in the winter have brought the inferiority in both quality and quentity of products.

食用海藻類의 育種을 爲한 基礎的 硏究

金重來 圓光大學校大學院 1982 學位論叢 Vol.9-2 No.-

As the fundamental studies for the breeding of edible sea-weeds, the effects of plant hormones on the growth of a few marine algae, parthenogenesis and regeneration of Undaria pinnatifida (Harv. ) Sur. and the effect of colchicine on the germlings of Porphyra tenera Kjellm. were examined. The results of each experiment carried out from 1980 to 1981 were summarized as follows: 1. Effects of plant hormones on the growth of gametophytes of U. pinnatifida (Harv.) Sur. (brown algae). The zoospores for the microscopic filamentous gametophytes were collected from sporohylls of a fertile frond of U. pinnatifida at Oechoeng Island and cultured in ESI medium supplemented with various concentrations of plant hormone for 2 weeks. The cultures were kept at water temperature of 18℃±1℃ under 14-hour photoperiod and illuminated with 2,500 lux fluorescent light. (1). All zoospores were settled on slide glass, germinated and developed into gametophytes, without the germination tubes when treated with 0.1 mg/l of 2,4-D, or 0.1, 1.0, and 5.0 mg/l of kinetin. (2). The best growth was observed in O.1mg/l of kinetin(248.9% of control), followed by 1.0 mg/l of IAA (243.3%), and 0.05 mg/l of 2,4-D (205.6%). (3). The effects of hormones on the growth were different between male and female gametophytes. IAA was very effective in the growth of male gametophytes, while in females the kinetin was more effective. The effect of kinetin was recorded 239.0% at 5.0 mg/l and 222.0% at O.1 mg/l. On the other hand, 195.1% was recorded at 0.5 mg/l of IAA, and 146.6% at 0.05 mg/l of 2,4-D. 2. Effects of plant hormones on the growth of Porphyra-fronds (red algae). The effects of several plant hormones on the growth of P, tenera Kjellm. f. tamatsuensis Miura. were investigated from January 21 to February 21 1981. the fronds of 25 mm² were cultured in ESP medium supplemented with various concentrations of growth regulators. The cultures were kept at constant water temperature of 5℃ in 14-hour photoperiod and illuminated with 2,400 lux fluorescent light. Based on the results of first experiment, the cultures of next experiment were carried out at 5℃ and 10℃ in media containing various levels of kinetin from April 6 to 24, and compared the growth of two groups at each concentration with each other. (1). The best growth was observed at 5.0 mg/l of the hormones except gibberellin. Among them, the highest growth-rate was 312.5% (345.3% in frond-size) of control at 5.0 mg/l of kinetin, followed by 287.5% (236.1%) in 2,4-D, 166.7% (147.6%) in IAA and 141.7% (167.7%) in NAA, while in gibberellin it was 247.9% (241.9%) at 10.0 mg/l. (2). The fronds cultured at 5.0 mg/l of kinetin turned deep black-brownish in colour, and had vivid, healthy chloroplasts in all of their cells. On the contrary, the fronds cultured in other media were discoloured to light black-brown or green-brown, and almost all cells were vacuolated or shrunk gradually into death. (3). There was an obvious difference between the growth-rates of the fronds cultured at 5.0 mg/l of kinetin at 5℃ and those at 10℃, the former being 366.7% and the latter 318.8%. The difference, however, was little at lower concentrations. (4). Many abnormal cells grown up to 25.0-27.5μ in diameter were found among the marginal cells of fronds which showed the best growth in kinetin, and the fronds were 41.0-42.Oμ in thickness which was thicker by 10.Oμ or so than the others. (5). In two fronds at 1.0 mg/l of kinetin, cell divisions were observed, which might have developed into antheridiums. It was uncertain whether the division was due to the effect of kinetin. 3. Effects of plant hormones on the growth of Enteromorpha compressa(L) Grev.(green algae) The experiment was carried out from May 21 to June 10, 1981 and the materia is used for the experiment were unicellular tube-like germlings derived from gametes. The germlings were about 10mm in length and the lower parts including rhizoids were removed. The cultures for experiment were kept at 12℃-13℃ in a 14-hour photoperiod and illuminated with 3,000-3,500 lux of fluorescent light. (1). The growth effect was obtained with 0.01 mg/l of NAA and the growth-rate was 172.5% as compared with the control, but the frond-elongation was highest (140.0%) at 0.05 mg/l of 2,4-D. (2). The effective concentrations 2,4-D and kinetin were ranged from 0.01 to 1.0 mg/l. Though these two hormones showed a similar tendency in effectiveness, the growth-rate and stimulation of 2,4-D were better than those of kinetin. (3). The best growth-rate of 2,4-D was 169.1% at the concentration of 0.05 mg/l and the effective growth-rate was generally 140.0% at 0.01-1.0 mg/l. But the lateral branch production at lower part of frond were decreased remarkably to 12.5-31.7% as compared with control. (4). The best growth-rate in NAA was 172.5% at 0.01 mg/l, but serious inhibitions occurred at 5.0 mg/l. (5). The growth -increase of 36% or more was obtained at 0.05-0.5 mg/l in gibberellin and the best effect was 158.4% at 0.1 mg/l. Though the growth of frond-length was inferior to that of control, the production and elongation of lateral branches were increased vigorously to 140% or more through-out the active concentrations, and especially at 0.1 mg/l the effect was 189.2% in comparison with the control. This fact was contrary to the effect by 2,4-D. (6). IAA was less stimulous, the most effective growth-rate being 141.0% at 0.5 mg/l. A little increase was found at each active concentration and serious inhibition occurred at 5.0 mg/l. (7). The effective concentrations of kinetin were ranged from 0.01 to 1.0 mg/l and the growth effect was nearly equal to that of control even at 5.0 mg/l, which was heavy inhibitory concentration in other hormones. The peak of growth-rate was observed at 0.05-0.5 mg/l, the highest being 158.4% at 0.05 mg/l. 4. Observations on the Parthenogenesis of U. pinnatifida (Harv. ) Sur. Pure cultures of female and male gametophytes of U. pinnatifida were carried out under a 14-hour photoperiod at 16℃-18℃, and the illumination was regulated to 2,500-3,000 lux. Zoospores obtained from pieces of a fertile sporophyll were cultured for 3 weeks, and isolated male from female for a unialgal culture of the garnetophyte, Fertile fronds used for the culture experiments were collected on June, 1980-81 at Oechoeng Island, Jollabukdo (Korea). Most of the unfertilized eggs were not germinated, but a few of them developed normally into haploid young sporophytes or various abnormal types. (1). Within 14 days from unialgal culture, most of the female gametophytes became fertile and many eggs were placed on the tops of their oedogonium, and male garnetophytes made plentiful antheridiums on the terminal cells of their filamentous branches. In contrast with them, many young sporophytes were observed in normal culture which had mixed sex. (2). Unfertilized eggs did not germinate generally, and degenerated soon after liberation. But some of them swelled abnormally (about 60μ in diameter), or developed into forms of gourd and mulberry. These malformed germlings degenerated at last. (3). A few of unfertilized eggs grew into a fist-like, indefinite thalli, or a normal form of sporophyte as in the controls. In the young sporophytes derived from unfertilized eggs, original cells of young midrib were generally vague in out-line, which had growing-zone and formed early multilayer part. These fact might be responsible for their poor growth. (4). It was noteworthy that the abnormal poor germs described above (swelling, gourd, fist type, etc.) were found among the vegetative cells regenerated at cut sections of a healthy young sporophyte. (5). Microscopic male gametophytes which branched copiously, grew continuously into spherical colonies, and did not make a apogamy but two terminal cells of a mature branch of these filamentous gametophytes. The two apogamous young sporophytes were not characteristic as compared with a normal one. (6). The whole germination rate of unfertilized eggs originatd in an isolated culture was 15.2%, and only 8 eggs developed normally into haploid young sporophytes (3.6%). 5. On the regeneration from young sporophyte of U. pinnatifida (Harv. ) Sur. Regeneration of the young sporophytes of U. pinnatifida was examined in laboratory culture. The young sporophytes grown into about 3-4 mm in length and 2 mm or so in width were cut into 3 fragments which divided the sporophytes into upper, middle and lower parts. The fragments of each part were cultured in petridish (Ø 9 cm) with 50 ml of ESI medium supplemented with kinetin and 2,4-D. The cultures were kept at 10-12℃ and illuminated for 14 hours with 2,500-3,000 lux of white fluorescent light. Four weeks after inoculation, the results were examined. (1). The fragments of upper part lacking growing-zone could not survive and degenerated. (2). The fragments of middle part including the terminal part of growing-zone could grow in average into 9.2 mm² of frond. (3). In all of the fragments of lower part containing most of the growing-zone, vigorous regeneration of 60 mm² in average size which was 6.5 times of that of middle part was observed. (4). Cell division and differentiation in growing-zone of germs were very effective in the medium added with 0.01-5.0 mg /l of kinetin and 0.01-1.0 mg/l of 2,4-D. The most effective regeneration was observed at 0.1 mg/l of kinetin and 0.01 mg/l of 2,4-D, whose regeneration-rate was about 250% or so in contrast with control. (5). From these results, it was suggested that the growing-zone in U. pinnatifida was made concentrically at the lower part of germs in early stage, when their frond length might be below 3-4 mm, and the other cells except those of growing-zone could not regenerate and lost their potency of cell division without external differentiation at least. 6. Effects of colchicine-treatment on germs of P. tenera Kjellm. 3-5 celled germs from conchospores of P. tenera were soaked in colchicine solution of various concentrations for 48 and 72 hour, and then cultured in glass flasks containing 230 ml of ESP medium for 8 weeks. The cultures were kept at 14-16℃ in first week, 1O-12℃ in second week and at 4-7℃ afterwards, illuminated for 14 hours with 2,800-3,000 lux of fluorescent light, and supplied air into flask through polyvinyl chloride tube by air-compressor. ESP medium was added with GeO₂(3 mg/l) by way of prevention against diatoms, and exchanged every week. (1). The survival-rate of germs soaked in 1.0% solution of colchicine for 72 hours was 87.6%, 93.9% in 0.5% and harmless to germination 0.1% limit. (2). The growth-rates of germs treated with 0.01-0.5% solution were general1y better than that of control. The most effective growth-rate was 1098%(840% in wet weight) at 0.1% solution in contrast with control and was followed by 1068% (737%) in 0.05% solution after 8 weeks culture. (3). The cancer-like abnormal tissues were observed on the surface of thalli treated with 1.0% solution for 72 hours. They looked like small black spots, were scattered on the surface of frond, and appeared as if they were cancer-disease in laver-farm, but were not the disease. They were distinctively soft and some localized part of them had 2 layers of cell. (4). The mass production of carpospores was observed on the fertile fronds, which had been treated with 0.05% solution, and antheridiums and carpogoniurns were formed at the frond soaked in 0.5-1.0% solution (48, 72 hours.). (5). There were no changes in chromosome numbers. The chromosome number of young frond soaked in the solution within 1.0% limit for 48 and 72 hours was observed as n=3.

김의 殼胞子에 대한 γ-線 照射效果 : I. 殼胞子의 發芽生長에 미치는 γ-線의 照射效果

金重來,金鍾連 군산대학교 1983 群山水産專門大學 硏究報告 Vol.17 No.3

I. □胞子의 發芽生長에 미치는 γ -線의 照射效果 r - Irradiation effects from □Co at 250r - 3000r on conchospores of laver (P. tenera) were examined. The major investigation was to clarify the biological effects of gamma irradiation on the germination and growth of conchospores at 48hrs after liberation, which mostly were composed of one cell yet. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1) All conchospores served as materials germinated and developed normally to young germs at any irradiations. 2) In general, the visible irradiation effects on growth were observed at every irradiation dosage, and thus the highest growth-rate was 365% in frond-area at 1.0 KR and 126% was recorded as minimum at 250 r. 3) There is a tendency for the growth-rate curve, whose peak was at 1.0KR, to reduce slowly with increasing irradiation dosage in the range of 3.0 KR. 4) Antheridums, carpogoniums and carpospores resulted from their fertilization were observed on the fronds exposed at 1.0-1.5 KR irradiation. 5) Some giant cells and callus-like tissues multiplied abnormally were found on a few fronds at 250 r and 1.0 KR.

Application of Bioelectrachemical system for novel fermentation process using microbe-electrode hybrid system

김중래 한국공업화학회 2014 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2014 No.0

Recent applications of bioelectrochemical system for useful resource recovery: retrieval of nutrient and metal from wastewater

김중래,송영은,Ganapathiraman Munussami,김창만,전병훈 한국자원공학회 2015 Geosystem engineering Vol.18 No.4

Sustainable energy and carbon neutrality has been a key issue in waste/wastewater management. Recovery and recycling of materials such as nutrients and metal are highly anticipated to achieve a zero-energy treatment and pollution control, and subsequently secure sustainability of exhausted resources. The difficulty of resource recovery from waste/wastewater and sediment is mainly due to the immature technology, and dispersed (or less concentrated) target resources in wastewater and natural source that results in technical challenges and poor economics. Bioelectrochemical system (BES) has been widely investigated for electrical energy recovery, intermediate chemical production and recently for useful resource recovery. Certain amounts of energy in wastewater can be used as reducing power for energy production as well as for useful material recovery from wastewater and natural sources using a novel inter-disciplinary biotechnology, BES simultaneously treating wastewater.

부산경남지부·중국 하남성화학회 공동심포지엄 후기

김중래 한국화학공학회 2016 NICE Vol.34 No.5