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金憲秀,閔秉根,金賢實 大韓神經精神醫學會 1996 신경정신의학 Vol.35 No.3
본 연구의 목적은 한국가정의 가족형태분류, 청소년 범죄유형분류 및 범죄유형의 심각성과 가족형태간의 상관성을 규명하는데 있다. 연구대상자 선정방법은 비례층화적 표본추출법을 적용하여 1994년 9월 현재 중학교 1학년에서 고등학교 3학년까지 재학중인 학생청소년 1,283명과 소년원·분류심사원에 재소 중인 비행청소년 413명인 총 1,696명으로 하였다. 연구조사방법은 설문지법으로 수집된 자료중 불충분한 응답을 한 141명을 제외한 1,555명을 실제자료분석대상으로 하였다. 연구대상자의 연령범위는 12세에서 18세 사이였다. 본 연구에서는 수집된 자료분석과 문헌고찰을 통하여 우선 한국의 가족형태와 청소년 범죄유형을 분류분석한 후 가족형태와 범죄청소년들의 범죄유형의 심각성간의 관계를 규명하기 위하여 가족형태를 독립변인, 범죄유형의 심각성을 종속변인, 청소년의 정신사회적 스트레스요인(생활사건)과 성격적 요인을 매개변인으로 하여 범죄유형집단간의 차이를 비교·분석하였다. 자료분석은 SAS프로그램을 이용하였으며 사용된 통계방법은 요인분석, 상관계수분석법 및 부분상관계수분석법 등이었다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 한국가정의 가족형태는 충동행동화형, 정상합의형, 구속억압형, 무질서형, 폐쇄형 및 미숙형 등의 6가지 유형으로 분류되었다. 2) 한국청소년의 범죄유형은 문헌고찰을 통하여 재산범, 강력범, 폭력범 및 특별법범 등 4가지 유형으로 분류되었다. 3) 가족원간의 불안이 고조되어 있으며 역할의 모호, 충동 및 갈등해결을 행동으로 표출시키는 충동행동화형가정에서 양육된 청소년들은 대물지향적 공격성향이 높아 기물파손, 재산파괴, 절도 등의 재산범법행위가 높은 반면에 가족원간의 불신, 비협조, 불안을 주특징으로 보이는 무질서형 가정과 부모나 주변환경에 대한 불만이 많음에도 불구하고 고민이나 갈등표현을 억제하는 폐쇄형 가족형태에서 양육된 청소년들은 대인지향적 공격성향이 높아 행패, 구타, 무기소지 등의 폭력범법행위가 많았다. 특히 폐쇄형 가족형태에서 성장한 청소년에게는 강력범법행위도 높게 나타났다. 4) 가족의 질병이나 가족싸움과 같은 가족 내 문제와 청소년개인의 성격적 특성(권위저항 성격, 극심한 기분 변화 등)이 충동행동화형 가족형태와 관련있는 반면에 충동적 행동·즉각행동·권위저항행동 등과 같은 청소년개인의 성격적 특성이 충동행동화형 가정에서 자란 청소년자녀들의 대물지향적 범죄 즉 재산범법행위의 심각성을 더해주는 것으로 나타났으나 이들 청소년의 환경적, 성격적 요인이 충동행동화형가정과 재산범의 상관성에 매개역할은 하지 않았다. 5) 가족원간의 싸움, 청소년의 진로문제 등이 폐쇄형 가족형태와 관련되어 있는 반면에, 폐쇄형 가정에서 강력범죄의 심각성에는 충동행동화형 가족형태와 재산범과의 관계에서와 같이 충동적 행동, 즉각행동, 권위저항행동 등과 같은 청소년개인의 성격적 특성이 강력범죄의 심각성과 관련되어 있었으나 청소년의 스트레스 요인·성격적 요인이 폐쇄형 가정과 강력범의 상관성에 매개역할은 하지 않았다. 6) 무질서형 가족형태와 특별히 관련된 청소년의 성격적 환경적 스트레스요인은 없었으나 무질서형 가족형태에서는 가족내문제보다 무단결석, 무단가출과 같은 청소년의 행동 및 성격적 특성이 청소년자녀의 폭력범죄의 심각성과 관련되어 있었으나 이들 청소년의 환경적, 성격적 요인이 무질서형 가정과 폭력범의 상관성에 매개역할은 하지 않았다. 7) 청소년개인의 충동적 행동, 무단결석, 무단가출과 같은 행동특징적 요인이 폐쇄형 가족형태와 관련되어 있었으며 또한 폐쇄형 가족형태에서 청소년폭력범죄의 심각성에도 무단결석이나 무단가출과 같은 요인이 관련되어 있었으나 이들 요인이 폐쇄형 가족형태와 폭력범의 상관성에 매개역할은 하지 않았다. 이와 같이 청소년의 환경적 스트레스요인 및 성격적 요인이 특정가족형태와 청소년범죄유형간의 상관성에 매개변인으로 작용하고 있지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 이상에서 제시한 바와 같이 청소년 비행 및 범죄행동이 부모의 양육태도, 가족원간의 관계와 같은 가정환경적 요인과 청소년개안의 성격적 요인의 상호작용에서 비롯되는 반면에 청소년범죄의 심각성에는 가정환경적 요인보다 충동성, 권위저항성 등과 같은 개인의 성격적 요인이 보다 크게 작용함을 알 수 있었다. Objects : The purpose of this study was to classify the current family type and juvenile criminal patterns in Korea, and then examine the correlation between juvenile criminal pattern and family type, environmental stress and personality variables of the adolescents. Methods : The data were collected through the questionnaire survey. Subjects served for this study consisted of 1,696 adolescents(1,283 student adolescents : 413 delinquent adolescents) in Korea, sampled from Korean student population and adolescent delinquent population confined in juvenile correctional institutions, using the proportional stratified sampling method. Their age range was between 12 and 18. The actual number of cases put into the analyses was 1,555 including 1,202 student adolescents and 353 delinquent adolescents. Data were analysed by SAS program. Statistical methods employed were, factor analysis, correlation analysis and partial correlation analysis etc. Results : 1) Analysis of adolescents reports of family dynamic environment yielded 6 family types including impulsive family type, well-functioning family type, constricted family type, chaotic family type, closed family type and immature family type in the order of their explanatory variate. In a word, impulsive family type is operationalized as involving impulsiveness of family members, acting out, emotional explosion, resistance toward authoritative figure including their parents and adults, blurred role boundaries of family member, constricted family type as involving restricted parenting to children, punishment-oriented, autocratic father and submissive mother, chaotic family type as involving parental breakup, selfish parent, economic problem, mistrust and neglect among family members, closed family type as involving social isolation, mistrust to surrounding world, parental indifference and neglect toward their children, disobedience and parental evasion of conflict, immature family type as involving a lack of independency of family members, indecisiveness, pathological bonding of family members including winning of spouse's favour and maternal dominance-paternal ineffectiveness, projection and conjugal competition. Whereas the construct defining well-functioning family type is conceptualized as involving childrens' respect toward parent, democratic and flexible parental attitude toward their children, cooperation and trust among family members and harmonious parent-child relationship etc. 2) Through the literature review, the authors arbitrarily classified the 4 juvenile criminal patterns as follows ; crimes against property, aggressive crimes, assault crimes and violation of criminal special law. 3) The hypothesis 1 is that there will be significant correlation between family type and the severity of juvenile criminal patterns. Through the correlation analysis, this hypothesis was supported. To put it concretely, of the correlation between the severity of juvenile criminal pattern and family type in Korea, impulsive family type significantly correlated with the severity of object-oriented crime, that is, damage to property, robbery, burglary and so no, whereas chaotic family type and closed family type significantly correlated with the severity of person-oriented crime(crimes against person), that is violent act, physical assault and aggressive crime and so on. 4) The hypothesis 2 is that there will be significant correlation between family type, severity of juvenile criminal behavior and environmental and personality variables of adolescent. In this paper, environmental variables of adolescent were measured by death of parent, trouble between parent, divorce of parent, chronic disease of family member, parental overdrinking and dissipation, severe conflict with parent, trouble with lover and problem in a course of one's life. And personality variables of adolescent were measured by trouble among family member, habitual alcohol drinking, emotional instability, impulsiveness, truancy, runaway, resistance toward authoritative figure and intolerance. From this finding using the partial correlation analysis, it revealed that the environmental and personality variables of adolescent such as chronic disease of family member, trouble with lover, trouble among family member, emotional instability and resistance toward authoritative figure were significantly correlated with the impulsive family type and the personality variables of adolescent such as impulsiveness, intolerance and resistance toward authoritative figure had statistically significant correlation with the severity of damage of property in the impulsive family type. And the environmental stress and personality variables of adolescent such as problem in a course of one's life and trouble among family member were significantly correlated with the closed family type and the personality variables of adolescent such as intolerance, impulsiveness and resistance toward authoritative figure were significantly correlated with the severity of aggressive crimes in the closed family type. However, the authors did not find any environmental stress and personality variables of adolescent that were significantly correlated with the chaotic family type, whereas the problem behavior of adolescents such as truancy and runaway was significantly correlated with the severity of assault crimes in the chaotic family type. Finally, the authors suggest that personality variables of adolescent such as impulsiveness, truancy and runaway were significantly correlated with the closed family type, also truancy and runaway were significantly correlated with the severity of assault crimes in the closed family type. 5) The hypothesis 3 is that the family environmental stress and personality variables of adolescent will serve as mediating variables in the correlation between family type and juvenile criminal pattern. Environmental stress and personality variables of adolescent such as death of mother and/or father, parental divorce, disharmonious parent-child relationship, chronic disease of family member, emotional instability, impulsiveness and resistance toward authoritative figure were not play as mediating variables in the correlation between family type and juvenile criminal pattern in this study through the hypothesis testing. Accordingly this hypothesis was rejected. Conclusion : The various family type including impulsive, closed and chaotic type in Korea tended to exert significant influence on the severity of juvenile crimes such as crimes against property, aggressive crimes and assault crimes. While environmental stress and personality variables of adolescent had direct effect upon juvenile criminal patterns and severity of juvenile criminal act, they did not play a mediating role in the processing of serious degree of criminal manifestation influenced by family types.
하악관절 동통 및 機能障碍를 隨伴한 精神科 患者의 精神科的 症例硏究
나 철,민병근,김헌수,김현실 大韓神經精神醫學會 1993 신경정신의학 Vol.32 No.4
This study was intended to review comprehensively the articles related to temporomandibular joint disorder and to analyse psychoanalytically the case with temporomandibular dysfunction and bruxism as a symptom of hysterical conversion disorder. In addition, two cases of psychiatric patients with the temporomandibular problems due to trauma were studied. As a result, the authors found that in the aspect of psychoanalysis, the temporomandibular problem and bruxism was a kind of symptom of emotional conflict being converted to the face. We would like to emphasize that improving the referral process and enhancing the ability of dentists and psychiatrists to work as a therapeutic teams can increase the probability of successful treatment for several types of patients.
김헌수,민병근,김현실 울산대학교 의과대학 1992 울산의대학술지 Vol.1 No.1
The present study was intended to explore the correlation between juvenile delinquent behavior and their character, mood state and family dynamics. Data were collected through questionnaire survey. Subjects served for this study consisted of 1,838 adolescents including 601 juvenile delinquents and 1,237 adolescent students in Korea, sampled from Korean student population and adolescent delinquent population confined in juvenile correctional institutions, using nonprobability samping method. Their age ranged between 12 and 21. The actual number of cases put into the analysis was 1,696 adolescents including 511 delinquents and 1,185 adolescent students. Data were analysed by IBM PC of Behavioral Science Center at the Korea University, using SAS program. Statistical methods employed were χ²test, simple correlation, principal component analysis, principal component regression analysis and LISREL path analysis. The results of this study were follows: 1. Inconsistent by parental child rearing patterns tended to affect delinquent behavior among delinquent adolescents. The more were paternal and maternal attitudes arbitrary, restricted, mistrusing their children and punishment-oriented, the higher occured their children's delinquent behavior. On the other hand, adolescent students were consistently rearing by their parents, their parental attitudes were democratic, flexible, trusting their children and reward-oriented. In comparison of both parents in the degree of influence on their children was revealed that paternal child rearing pattern was more influential on their children's behaviors than maternals's. 2. The psychological instability of family tended to be contributing to deliquent behaviors among deinquent adolescents. Coldness, dissatisfaction, discord, tenseness and disharmony of family paychological climate revealed significant correlation with delinquent behaviors. On the other hand, student's family stability was more comforable than delinquent family. 3. The disharmonious parent-child relationships were presented to influence on delinquent behaviors and aggressive impulsiveness. Parental rejection toward their children's opinions, lack of affection toward their children, non-self-sacrificing for their children, alienated parent-child relationship, children's disregard toward their parental authority and children's rejection of parental opinions were positively correlated to behavioral problems among delinquent adolescents, while harmonious parent-child relationships among student adolescents were maintained. 4. The whole psychological climates of delinquent's family tended to be rigid, while student's psychological climates of family flexible. 5. Delinquents were more anxious, aggressive and impulsive than student adolescents. They exhibited some learning problems such as interpersonal difficulties. their character patterns tended to be immature and weak ego functioning, while student's character patterns more mature and flexible. 6. The relative comparison of the whole psychological climates of family, anxiety trait, character pattern and social learning ability in terms of predictability revealed that character pattern variables function as the most important determinant of both aggressive impulsiveness and delinquent(aggressive) behaviors.
김현실,김재승,강현주,김상렬,Kim, Hyeon-Sil,Kim, Jae-Seung,Gang, Hyeon-Ju,Kim, Sang-Ryeol 한국기계연구원 1999 硏究論文集 Vol.29 No.-
In naval ships, pump machineries are the major sources of airborne and structure-borne noise. Noise is critical issue in ships not only it causes annoyance to crews, but also it can increase the underwater radiated noise, which is crucial in anti-submarine warfare. In present study, it is discussed the reduction of structure-borne noise of pump machineries by showing several examples. The most typical and effective solution is to use double resilient mount system. However, in cases where double resilient system cannot be applied due to space and weight increase, rubber pad can be used to reduce the structure-borne noise. In principle, the concept of structure-borne noise reduction is the same as that of vibration isolation.
김현실,김재승,강현주,김상렬,Kim, Hyun-Sil,Kim, Jae-Seung,Kang, Hyun-Joo,Kim, Sang-Ryul 대한기계학회 1997 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.21 No.4
Stress wave propagations in an elastic half space to a normal point force of ramp type in time are analyzed. The governing equations are transformed by applying the Laplace and Hankel transforms with respect to time and radial distance. The inversion of Laplace transforms are performed by employing the Cagniard-de Hoop method, where the Rayleigh waves at surface are obtained by including the residue terms. The stress waves computed at the location very cose to the surface are shown to be almost identical to the surface waves obtained by the residue method except the Rayleigh wavefront. It is found that at the surface, the stresses are dominated by the Rayleigh waves, whose amplitudes increase linearly with time when time is very large. It is also found that in the interior part, the radial stress has a logarithmic singularity at the shear wavefront, while tangential stress shows no singularity.