김대건 신부의 성사 사목활동과 행정 사목활동

김정숙(Kim, Jeong-Sook) 한국교회사연구소 2021 敎會史硏究 Vol.- No.59

김대건 신부는 1845년 8월 17일 사제 서품을 받았고, 1846년 9월 16일 새남터에서 참수치명했다. 사제로서 생활한 기간이 13개월이다. 본고는 이 13개월간 김대건 신부가 행한 일에 대한 검토이다. 여기서는 김대건 신부의 사목활동의 범위를 확정하고 그 활동의 세세한 면면을 찾았다. 자료로는 기존의 문헌 사료는 물론, 지역답사를 겸하며 관련 지역의 전승까지 활용했다. 시작에 앞서 김대건 신부의 사목활동의 개념과 방향을 전환할 필요를 제시했다. 그리고 그의 체력과 외모, 성사 사목 태도, 사는 모습 등을 살폈다. 이어 시복 재판에 나온 증언을 토대로 김대건 신부의 성사 사목활동을 정리했다. 김 신부는 서울과 경기지역에서 성사 사목활동을 했는데, 그 빈도는 반반이었다. 성사에 참여한 사람들은 상호 간 인적 관계를 가지고 있으며, 교회 내 신앙적 위치도 깊은 이들이었다. 이와 더불어 재판 증언은 김 신부의 성사 활동을 포괄적으로 밝히기에는 한계가 있음을 지적했다. 이를 뒷받침하기 위해 남경문 등 증언자로 나오지 않았으면서 김 신부로부터 성사를 본 사람들, 또 신부의 옥중에서의 성사 사목 등을 짚고, 당시 교회 상황을 분석했다. 다음으로 김대건 신부의 특수 사목으로 신자들 조직 방법과 그 운영 방식을 밝히고, 김 신부의 인적 자원을 확인했다. 연평도 항해에 나갔던 사람들, 신부댁에서 봉사하던 여성 등 김 신부와 함께 일한 이들도 역시 상호 인적 관계가 긴밀하고, 신앙생활도 활발한 이들이었다. 김 신부는 이들 인력을 배치하여 교회를 점조직으로 운영해 갔다. 한편, 김대건 신부는 전교자금을 운영했는데, 포목과 은괴 등을 통한 물품으로 국내외 차익을 통해 자금을 늘리고자 했다. 신자들에게 돈을 대주어 배를 사서 장사하도록 하면서 바닷길을 개척·운영했다. 또한 김 신부는 부제 때부터 해오던 신학생 교육도 재개하여 이어갔다. 그는 이러한 교회 업무를 처리하면서, 조선교회 부주교의 역할까지도 감당했다. 김대건 신부는 기해박해 이후 폐허화된 교회를 재건했고, 두 선교사가 조선에 정착 활동할 기반을 다져 놓았다. 메스트르 신부와 최양업 신부는 각기 다른 길로 입국했지만, 그가 개척한 해양로는 이후 조선교회와 세계교회의 연결로가 되었다. 그뿐만 아니라 김 신부는 조선 조정에 새 문화에 대한 충격을 가져다주었다. 무엇보다도 그는 조선인이 신부가 되는 길을 보여주었고, 한국인에게 꿈을 열어 주었다. Father Kim Dae-geon was ordained priest on August 17, 1845, and was beheaded at Saenamteo on September 16, 1846. At the time of his martyrdom he has completed 13 months since his priestly ordination. This article is a review of what Father Kim Dae-geon did during these 13 months. For my research, I used not only existing historical documents, but also information of local traditions of found during my field surveys on the geographic areas where father did his Pastoral work. As a starting point it seemed important to me to present the need of changing the concept and direction of Father Kim’s pastoral activity. It also seemed important to me to highlight the strength of his physical appearance, his own personal way of conceiving and living the sacraments. Then, based on the testimony from his process of beatification, I summarized Father Kim Dae-geon’s sacramental ministry. By this data, Father Kim carried out his sacramental pastoral activities between Seoul and Gyeonggi Province, and the regional frequency was half and a half. Those who participated in the formation for the reception of the sacraments had a personal relationship with each other, and they also had a deep religious position in the life of the local Church. In addition, I pointed out the limitations of the witnesses during the process of beatification; those testimonies remain short and do not comprehensively reveal the fullness of Father Kim’s sacramental ministry. To support this, I analyzed the situation in the church at the time by pointing to people who did not appear as witnesses, such as Nam Kyung-moon, and the work of pastoral ministry carried out in the prisons where the sacramental life was preached and prepared. Next, I try to explain the originality of the pastoral work of father Kim Dae-geon specially the way he organized and interacted with the believers and prepared them as a resource for his work of evangelization. Those who worked with Father Kim, such as those who went on a voyage to Yeonpyeong Island for finding the entrance for the missionaries and the women who served at the presbytery, also had close personal relationships and were active in their religious life. Father Kim organized these belivers as a branch organization to run the church. On the other hand, Father Kim Dae-geon ran the funds of the mission, and he wanted to increase the funds through import profits with goods such as cloth and silver ingots. He opened and operated the sea route by lending money to believers to buy ships and trade. In addition, Father Kim continued to educate seminaries, which he had been doing since the time of his deacon. While handling these church affairs, he was even considered as the vice-bishop of the Joseon Church. Father Kim Dae-geon rebuilt the church that was ruined after the Gihae persecution, and laid the foundation for the two missionaries to settle down in Joseon. The sea route that Father Kim Dae-geon pioneered became a connection way between the Korean church and the world church, except Father Maistre and Father Yang-eop Choi entered Korea by different routes. Not only that, but Father Kim brought the shock of the new culture to the Joseon court. Above all, he showed the way for Koreans to become priests and opened up dreams for Koreans.

풍경과 감정 : 역사를 상상하는 두 개의 다른 시선

김정숙(Kim Jeong-sook) 한국비평문학회 2008 批評文學 Vol.- No.30

The purpose of this thesis is to explicate the historical imagination of male/female writers and the narrative truth, focusing on Leesim(『리심』) written by Kim Takwan as a male novelist and Leejin(『리진』) written by Shin Kyong-sook as a female novelist. The interesting point is that they all describe the sarre character in each of their novels. In chapter 2, the author outlines the narrative processing, the commonness and the difference between the texts. In chapter 3, the author studies two-view points which imagine the historical character. In chapter 4, the author looks into the historical cognition of male/female writers. In this respect, these can be summarized as follows: In the first place, Leesim and Leejin are the record of her travel life commonly. They represent the woman who had been to France at first in the early 20th century. She was the dancer of the Royal Court and experienced the ambivalence between western civilization and imperialism in France. However ‘scenery’(educated discovery) remains in Leesim and ‘emotion’(tragic sympathy) remains in Leejin. Second, the forward of part of each text is mostly parallel process, but the latter part of the story rends apart. That is, Leesim moves on the man-narrative while Leejin advances the mother-narrative. Such reason has sapped woman-narrative. Third, the purpose of the two novels is all the searching for existence. But Kim’s writing pursues the reconstruction of ‘fact’ itself while Shin’s writing concentrates on the historical ‘truth’ in terms of the minority. In conclusion, The objective distance of Leesim and the psychological identification of Leejin are the two way of imagination about the history. Leesim and Leejin which include premodern/modern, imperialism/colonialism and the native language/the translate language, show the valuable point of the faction combining fact with fiction.

산사 분말 첨가 식빵의 품질 특성

김정숙,정세훈,Kim, Jeong-Sook,Jeong, Se-Hoon 동아시아식생활학회 2007 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.17 No.1

The effects of Crataegus pinnatifida bunge powder(CP) on dough characteristics and bread quality were evaluated. Breads were prepared with the addition of 0, 3, 6 and 9% CP to the basic formulation. The pH of dough added with CP ranged from 5.26 to 5.34, while control dough had a pH of 5.80. The loaf volume index of bread prepared with $3{\sim}9%$ CP decreased by $5.4{\sim}16.9%$ Hardness increased with the addition of CP, but the cohesiveness and springiness decreased with the addition of 3 and 6% CP and increased with the addition of 9% CP. Color L value of the bread crust and crumb decreased with CP and color a and b values of the bread crumb increased with CP. The sensory quality of bread with 6 or 9% Crataegus pinnatifida bunge powder, as estimated by shape, flavor and overall quality, was worse than that of control bread, while bread with 3% Crataegus pinnatifida bungs powder had the best quality.

논문편 : 중 , 고등학교 가정과 교육에 대한 가정과 교사의 의식

김정숙,안옥희,한재숙 ( Jeong Sook Kim,Ok Hee An,Jae Sook Han ) 대한가정학회 1996 Family and Environment Research Vol.34 No.4

일반논문 : 갈등과 화해를 통한 성숙의 서사 -김연수의 작품을 중심으로-

김정숙 ( Jeong Sook Kim ),최수이 ( Su Y Choi ) 현대문학이론학회 2015 現代文學理論硏究 Vol.0 No.60

본 연구는 김연수의 『가면을 가리키며 걷기』,『꾿빠이, 이상』,『밤은 노래한다』를 중심으로 갈등과 화해의 변주를 통해 성숙에 이르는 과정을 살피고 있다. 이러한 양상은 구체적으로 주체의 변화, 실천성, 그리고 갈등과 화해의 과정이 인간의 성숙을 가져온다는 측면에서 확인할 수 있다. 구체적으로 첫째, 주체의 변화가 사회적 주체에서 개인적 주체로, 그리고 이 둘을아우르는 소수자로 정반합의 모양을 그리고 있는 점, 둘째, 시간이 지남에 따라 점차적으로 실천성이 강조되고 있다는 점, 그리고 마지막으로 갈등과 화해의 과정이 항상변화하는 각 주체의 성숙을 가져온다는 것으로 나타난다. 특히 주체의 변화나 ‘몸’의등장으로 실천성이 강조되고, 초기작품에서 두드러졌던 가면과 진위논란에 대한 문제인식이 뒤로 갈수록 개인의 의지와 믿음의 영역이 강화된다는 점에서 성숙해 가는 모습을 확인할 수 있다. 이것은 작가가 성숙했다는 것에 대한 증거이기도 하다. 김연수가 현재 활동하고 있는 작가라는 것과 변화가능성의 측면에서 다소 우려되는 부분이 있지만, 이미 출간된 작품의 수가 많고 필력이 길며, 일정 수준 이상의 미학적성취를 이루었기에 학술적인 접근이 필요하다고 본다. 또한 이것은 갈등과 화해의 서사를 다뤄온 작가 김연수를 학술적인 장으로 소환하는 첫 시도이기도 하다. This research is aiming on the process of growing by novelist Kim, Yeonsoo, through variations of conflict and reconciliation shown in his major works, such as Walking pointing the mask(『가면을 가리키며 걷기』), Good bye, Lee, Sang(『꾿빠이, 이상』), Night song(『밤은 노래한다』). These aspects are shown as the change of subjects, the practice and the process of conflict and reconciliation are bringing the growth of a person. To be more specific, first the change of subject is expressed through the subject is switched from social subject to individual subject, in form of thesis-antithesis-synthesis. Second, as time passes the importance of practice is emphasized more. Last, the process of conflict and reconciliation is always come with maturity of each subjects which are always changing. Maturity of his work itself is confirmed by the change of subject, emphasizing the importance of practice with appearance of ``body`` and recognizing problems about masks and authenticity which are prominent feature of his early works. Considering his state as living novelist and his possibilities make a slight worries. However, he is suited for academic approach since he has published a handful of works and made a solid achievement in aesthetic values. Also this research is focused on how the narration of conflict and reconciliation is changing through one novelist, as well as being the first endeavor to bring novelist Kim, Yeonsoo to the academic place.

피숑(L. Pichon)의 조선 천주교회사 연구

김정숙(Kim, Jeong-Sook) 한국교회사연구소 2014 敎會史硏究 Vol.0 No.43

피숑(Leon Pichon, 宋世興, 1893~1945)은 조선 교회사를 중요한 주제별로 나누어 연구하기 시작한 선구자이며, 그 결과물을 잡지를 통해 일반인과 소통한 저술가였다. 그는 각종 교회 100주년 기념행사에 맞추어 교회사를 완성해가는 동시에 연구하며 행동하는 선교사였다. 그리고 교회가 나아가야 할 바를 진정으로 고민한 선교사 연구자였다. 본고는 피숑이 주목한 교회사 주제와 내용, 그의 연구 의도, 당대 사회와의 소통 관계를 중심으로 살폈다. 피숑의 연구 결과는 《가톨릭靑年》, Pro Corea-Documenta와 그의 연구노트에 남겨져 있다. 따라서 각 매체가 지닌 특징적 성격과 다룬 내용을 함께 묶어 설명했다. 피숑의 글은 연재글이었다. 장기간의 연재는 분명 교회와 신자의 공감을 얻어 이루어지는 것이므로 그의 글은 당대 교회의 생각을 드러낸다고 할 수 있다. 그는 브뤼기에르 주교의 공헌, 모방 신부의 활동과 교회상황, 정약용의 신앙생활과 교회 공헌 등에 대하여 연구했다. 또한 피숑은 Pro Corea-Documenta를 출간하여 조선 교회가 김대건 신부에 주목하고 그의 순교 정신을 현양하는 데 불을 붙여 놓았다. 피숑은 연구를 진행하면서 동시에 조선 교회사 연구를 위한 자료 수집과 답사를 그치지 않았고, 최경환, 정약종과 이승훈의 묘 등을 찾아냈다. 이러한 피숑의 자료 수집 노력들은 오늘날 그의 ‘연구노트’에 담겨있다. 피숑의 연구노트는 4권인데 본고에서는 2, 3권만 분석했다. 이 부분은 주로 조선 교회사 전사(前史)에 대한 메모였다. 피숑은 교회의 역사를 종합적인 견지에서 서술했다. 즉 그는 교회사 서술에 있어서 정치적 영향 일변도의 설명을 거부하고 문화사적 입장까지도 고려하고자 했다. 그리고 그는 세계사적 시각에서 조선 교회를 설명하고자 했다. 이와 아울러 그는 한국 교회의 역사 안에 숨어 있던 희망과 위로를 찾아내려 노력했다. 피숑이 인용했던 사료와 수집한 자료에 대한 면밀한 검토가 계속해서 이루어져야 할 것이다. Leon Pichon(1893~1945) was a pioneer who started to categorize the history of the Korean Catholic Church into main subjects for research and a writer who communicated with readers by sharing his works through magazines. He perfected the centenary of various Catholic Events while studying and practicing his faith. He was a missionary researcher truly seeking the direction of church movement. This writing explored the subjects and contents of the Catholic Church history the he treated. Pichon’s research results are preserved in magazine Catholic Youth, the book Pro Corea-Documenta and ‘Research Notes’. Therefore, I explains the characteristics and points found in each media all together. The process of Pichon’s study of the Catholic Church history was investigated along with the series of publications. The long-time series was made possible due to the bond formed with the church and believers, so his writings reflect the ideas of the church at that time. Pichon highlighted the contribution of Bishop Bruguiere, activities of Fr. Maubant and religious life of Jeong Yak-yong. And he initiated a movement in Joseon society to reappraise Kim Dae-geon and acknowledge his spirit of martyrdom on a full scale by publishing Pro Corea-Documenta He also ceaselessly collected materials and visited historical sites and he discovered grave sites of Choi Gyung-whan, Jeong Yak-yong and Lee Seung-hoon. etc. All such efforts can be viewed in his ‘Research Notes’ today. The research notes are in four volumes. But I only deal with volumes 2 and 3 which almost consists of memos on the Prehistory of Korean Catholic Church. Pichon narrated the church history from a comprehensive point of view. He rejected the predominant political explanation of the church history and took the account of cultural views as well. He also explained the Catholic Church of Joseon from the perspective of world history. He was dedicated to finding hope and consolation hidden in the Catholic Church history of Korea. His direction of research is maintained till this day. Historical resources cited by Pichon and his collection of materials should be closely examined on a continuous basis.

근대어문의 자각과 문학담론의 변화 연구 - 1920년대 초반, 김동인의 글을 중심으로

김정숙(Jeong-sook Kim) 어문연구학회 2006 어문연구 Vol.50 No.-

  The purpose of this thesis is to explicate the consciousness of modern language-literature and the variation of literary discourse, focusing on Kim Dong-in"s early short-stories and other writings. Especially we pay attention to focus on the relation language-literature with the formation of modern fictions. It also has a value to the aspect about cultural history.   The literature of early modern was connected with strenuous effort of ‘style.’ Literature of enlightenment and art for art"s sake in "1910-20s were based on the consciousness of modern language-literature. At the same time both were commonly premised on the cognition of subject as modern human beings. Such aspect does the desire of ‘art’ and writing of fictions through ‘the unification of the written and spoken language" intensively.   He hoped to establish the autonomous ‘the aesthetic sense" by crossing the inner description and the confession of love with the daydream(fantasy) in narrative. How to write fictions like the past tense, the confession of the first-person, the framed-plot, the personal pronoun of ‘He’ brought about the derivation of customary in fictions. As a result, the evolution of fictional form was detonated] by the privacy and the transcendental sphere in literary discourse. Of course it presented that the view of art in Dong-in intended to ‘depoliticization." In conclusion, Kim Dong-in desired to achieve unification of the written and spoken language, furthermore pursue the new modern literature in his works.

살수여상공법을 이용한 양어장 순환수처리

김정숙 ( Jeong Sook Kim ),이병헌 ( Byung Hun Lee ) 한국수산학회 1996 한국수산과학회지 Vol.29 No.2

본 연구는 살수여상공법을 양어장 순환수 처리 장치로 설치하여 유기물질 제거 효율, 암모니아 제거 효율, 동력학적 상수, 슬러지 생산량과 산소소요량 등의 최적 운전방법을 도출하였다. 유기물질 부하율이 0.500~0.082kg COD/m3/day에서 66.4~81.2%의 SCOD 제거 효율과 74.5~84.0%의 SBOD 제거 효율을 보였다. 암모니아 부하율이 0.271~0.044kg NH4(+)-N/m3/day에 서 43.7~61.8%의 암모니아성 질소 제거 효율을 보였으며 암모니아 제거량은 27.2~119.5mg NH4(+)-N/L/day로 나타났다. Eckenfelder 식에 의해 구한 K, n값은 각각 0.168min-1과, 0.132로 나타났으며 총 생성된 슬러지 생산량은 0.233g VSS/day로 kg BOD 제거량당 생성되는 슬러지 생산량은 0.572kg VSS/kg BODrem로 나타났다. 산소소요량은 3.89 mg O2/L/hr로 수리학적부하가 6.712~40.341 m3/m2/day에서 1.33~7.22mg O2/L/hr로 수리학적 부하가 증가할수록 산소소요량이 증가하였으며 미생물당 산소소모율은 1.08 kg O2/kg VSS로 나타났다. The objective of the present study is to evaluate organic removal efficiencies, nitrogen removal efficiencies, kinetic constant, sludge production rates, oxygen requirements, and optimum treatment conditions for recycling water treatment of aquaculture by using a trickling filter process. When the loading rates were 0.500~0.082kg COD/m3/day and 0.271~0.044kg NH4(+)-N/m3/day, SCOD and ammonia removal efficiencies were 74.5~84.0% and 43.7~61.8%, respectively. The maximum removal rate of ammonia was 119.5mg/L/day. Observed cell yield coefficient in the trickling filter reactor was 0.572kg VSS/kg BODrem. When the hydraulic loading rate was 6.712~40.341m3/m2/day, oxygen uptake rate was 1.33~7.22mg O2,/L/hr.

이상 유동층 반응기를 이용한 양어장 수처리

김정숙(Jeong Sook Kim),홍기택(Ki Taek Hong),이병헌(Byung Hun Lee) 한국수처리학회 1996 한국수처리학회지 Vol.4 No.3

To recycle the water in the aquaculture system, a wastewater treatment process is required to maintain high water quality for the growth and health of the cultured fish. In this study, two phase fluidized bed reactor was used for removing organic matters and ammonia from the recirculating water. According to the experimental results of the two phase fluidized bed, the withdrawal of wastesludge from the reactor bed during operation was required. In addition, in two phase fluidized bed, the maximum removal efficiency was obtained when both the packing rate of media was maintained as 40% of total reactor depth except sediment zone and the bed expansion rate was maintained as 100%. When the loading rates were 0.085∼3.165 ㎏ COD/㎥/day and 0.044-1.816 ㎏ NH₄^+-N/㎥/day. SCOD and ammonia removal efficiencies were 77.3∼95.1% and 66.7∼98.0%, respectively. The maximum removal rate of ammonia was 1,569.6 ㎎/L/day.

감각적 경험의 재구성을 통한 화예작품 창작-토끼둥지

김정숙 ( Kim Jung Sook ),이정섭 ( Lee Jeong Sup ),유택상 ( Yoo Taek Sang ) 한국화예디자인학회 2017 한국화예디자인학 연구 Vol.36 No.-

본 연구는 화예를 칸딘스키의 순수조형예술의 관점에서 바라보면서 그 창작의 과정을 탐구해본 연구이다. 칸딘스키에 따르면 순수조형예술작품은 그 안에 작가의 내면으로부터 생성된 그 무엇이 담기지 않으면 안 된다. 연구자는 객지 생활의 외로움 속에서 절실히 느꼈던 따듯함, 포근함이라는 감각적 느낌을 작품으로 구현하고자 하였다. 시각노트, 이미지 리서치, 스케치, 모티브 및 재료의 탐구를 통해 작품의 구성을 진전시켰다. 따뜻하고 부드러운 느낌의 털실과 양모 등의 재료들로 만들어진 새둥지를 통하여 가족과 어머니의 품속의 따듯한 느낌을 표현하려 하였고 재미를 배가하도록 두 번째 모티브인 토끼 귀를 추가하였으며 보호받으며 감싸 안고 있는 모습으로 꽃들을 함께 배치하여 작품을 완성시켰다. 이후 포근함을 강화하기 위해 색상을 추가하여 재제작을 하였데 그 과정에서 두 번째 모티브인 토끼의 꼬리를 추가하여 제작하였다. 재제작 과정을 통해 관람자 에게 재미와 흥미를 유발하는 매력이 강화된 작품이 창작되었다. This research is on the experimenting and examining a floral art work creation process from the Kandinsky`s view of abstract art. Kandinsky`s view of art is an art work should be made only to express the artist`s inner experience. The researcher tried to expressed sensuously her inner longing for warmth and acceptance of the family when she had to live alone and lonely away from home in her art work of floral art. The researcher used various techniques to capture and refer her inner feeling such as visual journal, image research, sketch and the research of motives and materials. The researcher tried to convey her emotion toward her mother and family through her first attempt of creating bird nest made of wool material with rabbit ears using as a frame for her floral art work. Then she made another revision of the work by adding more colors and rabbit tale which vitalized the works and it became more attractive.