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김동민,Kim, Dong-Min 한국상하수도협회 1977 水道 Vol.9 No.-
이글은 76년11월13일 열린 본협회 제4차 정기총회에 앞서 기념강연회에서 있었던 서울산업대학 위생공학과장 김동민 교수의 강연내용을 간추린 것이다.
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金東玟,裵恩相,高春明,金永煥 高麗大學校 倂設 保健大學 保健科學硏究所 1973 保健科學論集 Vol.4 No.1
During the months of May to July, 1972, the authors investigated the occurrence and level of pollution in Seoul Han River. It was rather a short and broad investigation carried out in order to obtain a general understanding about the pollution pattern and orient successive, specific investigations which were anticipated. The investigation covered a total 21.5㎞ stretch from northern city-border, or about 52% of the 41.5㎞ section of Han River which fell inside the jurisdiction of Seoul metropolitan administration. In the 21. 5㎞ stretch the investigation was mostly focused on the middle 2.5㎞ flow length, between Chungnangchon outfall to Bokwang Water Treatment Plant Pumping station, or between the distances 14.0㎞ to 16. 5㎞ from the northern city-border. Upper- and down-stream investigations supplemented the major investigation on the middle 2.5 ㎞ section. Chungnangchon and Tanchon were two major streams flowing into the Han River in the whole 21.5㎞ stretch. There were also 12 minor outfalls in this whole stretch, 6,4and2outfallsdischaging respectively into the upper, middle and down streams. During the months of May and June, 1972, the total daily 5-day BOD and suspended solids discharged from the 2 major streams and 12 minor outfalls were respectively 51 and 134 metric tons in average. Chungnangchon alone, however, discharged 75% and 85% of the total daily 5-day BOD and suspended solid loads respectively. The population of Chungnangchon drainge basin within Seoul was 2,402,000 or about 43% of total city population in 1971. The average flow of Chungnangchon was 3.4mVsec during the investigation. During the month of May to July, 1972 the average water quality of Han River, in the section between Chungnangchon and Bokwang pumping station and the vicinity of Noryangjin highway bridge, was as follows: COD 113㎎/ℓ, 5-day BOD 31㎎/ℓ, SS 203㎎/ℓ, PO^(3-)_4 0.3㎎/ℓ, total nitrogen 6.3㎎/ℓ, and ABS 0.17㎎/ℓ. The average water quality in the upper section was a little better, but it also suffered considerable pollution. The average flow of Han River was 424mVsec during this period. No anaerobic zone was observed in the entire stretch, the average D.O. concentrations being 5.6 ㎎/ℓ, in the upper section and 5.6㎎/ℓ in the middle and down sections. Fishes were caught in these sections. The bottom specimens from the middle, heavily polluted sections showed the actvity of flagellates, dliates, rotifers and higher animals, while they showed not much volatile matter. The index of coliform bacteria was hightest below the Chungnangchon outfall, showing 54×10^(6) MPN/100㎖. The dillution factor at the outfall of Chungnangchon was 90. Butt it will be much lower during the winter season when the flow is lowest; the 24-year average flow of Han River in February was 132.6mVsec at Paldang, some miles above Seoul. The average BOD rate constant (K₁) was 0.023 and the ultimate BOD 219㎎/ℓ below Chungnangchon outfall. The average reaeration constant (K₂) was 0.18 in the central section. Thus, the average self-purification contant was 7.8. The rather high value is due to the low BOD rate constant. The average flow velocity was 0.36m/sec in the upper section and 0.397m/sec in the middle section. These velocities kept the suspended solids from settling. The Streeter-Phelps Oxygen Sag Curve was drawn. It showed that the critical point of oxygen deficit would occur after 4.9 days of flow from Chungnangchon outfall. In actual case the flow will be far in the Western Sea of Korean Peninsula in 4.9 days since the flow length is ralatively short in the downstream form Seoul. Also, there will be very little effect on the concentration of dissolved oxygen at Bokwang pumping station because its flow distance from Chungnangchon outfall is so short. The entire section of Han River investigated in this study is presently not suitable as water supply source when evaluated by the stream standards of several, leading developed nations. Also, unless the pollution level in the upper river section is substantially lowered, the Chungnangchon sewage treatment plants under construction or in planning stage will not improve the water quality of Bokwang pumping station up to the level acceptable by those standards. In such a case, the future role of the Chungnangchon sewage treatment plants will be mainly the protection of the ecology in Han River estuary. A further, specific study on the pattern and effects of Han River water pollution is recommended to be conducted in a period including the dry winter season.
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김동민 한국전기전자학회 2003 전기전자학회논문지 Vol.7 No.1
This paper presents a methodology for constructing a surgical simulation environment for the replacement of artificial knee join using CT image data. We provide a user interface of preoperative planning system for performing complex 3-D spatial manipulation and reasoning tasks. Simple manipulation of joystick and mouse has been proved to be both intuitive and accurate for the fitness and the wear expect of joint. The proposed methodology are useful for future virtual medical system where all the components of visualization, automated model generation, and surgical simulation are integrated. CT 영상을 이용하여 인공 무릎관절 모의 치환 시술 환경 구축에 관한 방법을 제시한다. 관절의 3차원 형상의 재구성에 필요한 정보는 영상처리 기법을 이용하여 연속된 CT 영상으로부터 노이즈 제거와 포인트 데이터를 추출하며, 추출된 포인트 데이터는 영상의 해상도와 함께 생역학에서 제시한 역학적 축을 기준으로 실측의 3차원 형상으로 재구성된다. 재구성된 형상은 PC 기반에서 구현된 모의시술 프로그램을 통하여 관절 운동의 해석과 접촉면 해석을 지원하며, 조이스틱과 마우스등을 이용하여 인공관절의 치환과 절단을 가상으로 실행할 수 있도록 하였다. 또한 인공 관절의 접합부에 대한 접촉면 해석을 통하여 시술에 대한 정합성과 연골 부위의 마모성 예측을 시각화하였다.
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