도시주거문제에 관한 소고

김창석,Kim, Chang-Seok 대한건축사협회 1974 建築士 Vol.1974 No.6

Spectroscopic ellipsometer를 이용한 삼원 SiO박막의 증착조건에 따른 유전율 특성

김창석,황석영 한국전기전자재료학회 1995 電氣電子材料學會誌 Vol.8 No.2

SiO thin films are deposited by evaporator the refractive index of wave length, photon energy and the absorptive rate of these films are measured by spectroscopic ellipsometer. It is derived the absorptive rate and permitivity of SiO thin films from the equations that calculating the refractive index. And the result show good agreement with the calculated values and experimental values. As a result, the wave length of light is increased in the condition that the angle of incidence is fixed on SiO thin film, the basic absorption and the absorption impurities are found in the low wave length (below 450 nm in this study) and the reflective absorption and conductive absorption is increased by the form of exponential function over the low wavelength. The absorptive rate is increased by increased the angle of incidence and thickness of SiO film for the insulating layer. As the thickness of SiO film is increased, the value of complex permitivity is decreasing and as wave length of incidence is increased., the value of dielectric is linearly increasing.

확장된 일반화 평균연산자를 이용한 퍼지 질의의 평가

김창석,김대수,이상조 한국지능시스템학회 1994 한국지능시스템학회 학술발표 논문집 Vol.4 No.1

고혈압의 한약 치료에 대한 연구동향 분석

김창석,김영은,김철,김진현,예상준,송미영,Kim, Chang-Seok,Kim, Young-Eun,Kim, Chul,Kim, Jin-Hyun,Yea, Sang-Jun,Song, Mi-Young 대한예방한의학회 2011 대한예방한의학회지 Vol.15 No.3

Objectives : This study aims to provide the fundamental information for future researches on combined medications of the oriental-western medicines or development of new Oriental medicine for hypertension. Methods : Every article related to hypertension was initially searched at journal web site, 'OASIS' and we finally analyzed 118 papers according to study types, kinds of herbal medicine, frequencies of herbal medicine, and results of researches. Results : Most studies were experiment researches which were composed of in vivo or in vitro. The formulas divided into 41 single and 99 complex prescriptions and total 218 medicinal materials were used in complex ones. The major effects of single prescriptions were decrease of the control of ACE activity and ANP concentration, while the effects of complex ones were various such as decrease of aldosteron concentration, decrease of epinephrine concentration, decrease of the heart rate, and decrease of dopamine concentration. Conclusions : More clinical studies based on scientific evidences should be done and the outcomes of this pilot study will contribute to development of Oriental medicines as substitute or combination for the western-hypertension remedies.

首都圈地域 企業本社의 立地移轉 經路와 特性에 關한 硏究

김창석,남진 대한국토·도시계획학회 1996 國土計劃 Vol.31 No.1

신라 倉庫制의 성립과 租稅 運送

金昌錫 한국고대사학회 2001 韓國古代史硏究 Vol.22 No.-

The tribes on the basis of the Bronze and early Iron Age culture had a common storehouse in their core site. It was regarded as a sacred space because of the theocracy and low level of production and there had been rituals in that area. But it has changed to be the institutions for the storage of taxes as the political power grows. After the middle part of 4th. century, Silla's kingship established a state storage system. It was expressed to be the appearance of Pumju(稟主) from the shaman class. Pumju controlled the storehouses of the tribes around Gyeong-ju (慶州) area and managed financial affaires and administrations related to the kingship. But the episode of Busan castle (富山城) told that the tradition of tribe times had lasted and bred discord with kingship. Silla equipped the Right and Left storage system(左右倉) distinguished from their expenses after Chungdae(中代). By the transport net connecting enlarged area after unification of the three kindoms, taxes were gathered to the Gyeong-ju, the capital city. Some taxes were remained in the provinces and used for the local finance and war supplies and others were transpoted to the Right and Left storehouse in the Namsan(南山) by the people in a region. And the storage system of the provinces played a great role in the collecting and transport the taxes.

충남지역 중소도시의 기능 특징 및 유형 분석

김창석,김정연 한국지역개발학회 2000 韓國地域開發學會誌 Vol.12 No.2

The purpose of this paper is to find out the functional characteristics of 175 small towns and cities in Chungnam province. The unit of analysis is the built-up area of the seat of local administrative office such as the 6 cities(urban Dong), 23 towns(Eup), and 147 townships(Myon). Univariate and multivariate analyses(that is, factor and cluster analysis) were conducted for the classification of urban functions. Significant differences exist among the seats of local administrative office of cities, Eups, and Myons in respective variables, but many extreme values are found among the seats of Myon office. The results of multivariate analysis show that the seats of local administrative offices can be classified into four categories: (1) Chunan city at the top which surpasses the others in terms of size, variety of urban function, and vitality: (2) the other cities and Eups which function as rural service centers. Eups that belong to this category can be divided into two sub-types according to the strength of functions: and (3) the seats of Myons which can be classified into 4 types depending on their dominant functions: that is, rural service center, newly industrializing area, basic administration center maintained by public facilities, and the others with insufficient urban functions. Based on these results of analyses, this paper suggests as follows: the promotion policies for small towns and cities should be applied selectively according to their significance in the regional urban system: the respective small towns and cities should be specialized functionally if possible: and cooperative networks should be established among these for getting economies of scale by network efficiency.

古代 領域 관념의 형성과 王土意識

김창석 한국사연구회 2005 한국사연구 Vol.129 No.-

新羅 왕경 내 市場의 위치와 운영

김창석 서울대학교 규장각한국학연구원 2016 한국문화 Vol.75 No.-

Shin-si(神市. A sacred market) has received attention as the origin of marketplace in Ancient Korea. However, those letters can also be deciphered as Shin-bul(神巿. A sacred forest) according to the woodblock-printed book Memorabilia of Three Kingdoms(三國遺事) preserved at Yonsei University. Therefore, Shin-si should no longer be regarded as the prototype of an ancient marketplace of Korea. Shisa(市肆. Shopping stores) was the initial establishment of the market system in the capital city of the Silla Kingdom, providing the court with necessities, and led to the opening of Dong-si(東市. The east market). It has been suggested that Shisa was located inside, or in the immediate vicinity, of Wolseong(月城. The royal palace) whereas Dong-si was located eastward of Shisa. The marketplace in the Shilla Kingdom was regulated and managed by government, including the size, quality, and price of products, control over the merchants, and authority to punish rule violations were regulated in the law codes. Registered merchants were permitted use of marketplace facilities and public services. These merchants gained market access to governmental offices, Buddhist temples, aristocrats, and officials in exchange for paying the tax of commerce to the court or the state.

보생탕이 랫드의 모체와 태자에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구

김창석,이선동,김판기,이장우,박해모,Kim, Chang-Seok,Lee, Sun-Dong,Kim, Pan-Gyi,Lee, Jang-Woo,Park, Hae-Mo 대한예방한의학회 2005 대한예방한의학회지 Vol.9 No.2

한약은 오랫동안 사용하면서 경험적으로 안전성에 대한 검증이 이루어졌다고 생각하여 독성 문제에 관한 문제가 없는 것으로 판단되고 있다. 하지만, 최근 천연물의 성분들 중 변이원성, 염색체이상에 관한 문제점이 지적되어오고 있다. 특히 최근 임신중의 환경인자나, 약물복용에 따른 기형아 출산원인에 대한 연구가 행하여지고 있는데 임신 초기에 한약을 복용한 경우 기형아 발생률이 높았다는 보고가 있어 한약재의 임신중 사용의 안전성에 대한 과학적 조명이 필요한 실정이다. 임신과 분만에 관련된 한약재는 많이 보고되어 있고 실제로 환자에게 처방되고 있지만 이를 과학적으로 입증하고자 하는 연구는 많지 않았다. 따라서 본 실험은 임신유지, 성장 및 분만과 태아발생 및 그 영향과 관련된 한약재의 효능을 임신 랫드를 이용하여 간접적으로 확인하였다. 우선 임신 랫드를 임신 1일부터 20일까지 보생탕을 경구 투여하여 모체의 체중변화를 살펴보았다. 그리고 임신 20일에 부검하여 채혈을 하여 혈액분석을 하고 모체의 각 장기를 관찰하였다. 또 모체의 자궁을 적출하여 태자를 관찰하였다. 태자는 체중과 외형적 기형 그리고 alcian blue용액과 alizarin red S용액으로 염색하여 골격기형을 관찰하였다. 위와 같은 실험으로 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 보생탕을 투여한 모체의 체중변화에서는 대조군보다 보생탕 투여군이 높은 증가율을 보였지만 전체적으로 두 군 모두 증가현상을 보였으므로 한약에 의한 체중 감소는 없는 것으로 사료되었다. 모체의 장기무게에서 절대중량은 대조군과 보생탕 투여군이 비슷한 결과가 나타났으며 상대중량은 간과 신장에서는 보생탕 투여군이 비장에서는 대조군이 높은 결과가 나타났으나 큰 차이가 나지 않았고 유의성도 나타나지 않았다. 혈액분석결과 백혈구, 적혈구 및 적혈구 관련지표 (MCV, MCH, MCHC), 헤모글로빈, 혈소판, 림프구, 중성구, 호산구, 호염기구, 단핵구등에서는 유의적인 차이가 나지 않았고, 모두 정상범위 이내에 속하였다. AST, ALT, BUN, Creatinine에서도 역시 큰 차이는 없었다. 이것도 역시 모두 정상범위였다. 모체의 황체수, 착상수, 착상율, 임신율, 초기소실율, 후기소실율, 출산자 수, 출산자의 성비를 보면 대조군보다 보생탕 투여군에서 약간 높은 결과를 보였으나 큰 차이는 없었다. 그리고 특히 초기소실율에서는 대조군보다 보생탕 투여군이 높은 결과를 보였다는 점에서 보생탕이 착상이나 임신유지에 유용한 영향이 있었다는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 태자에 대한 영향을 살펴본 결과 태자의 체중과 태자 수는 약간 증가한 것을 볼 수 있었으나 큰 차이는 나지 않았다. 그리고 태자 기형발생에서는 외형적인 기형은 관찰되지 않았고 골격검사에서도 관찰되지 않았다. 그러나 흉추와 흉골에서 변이가 다수 관찰되었다. 흉추에서는 대조군이 흉골에서는 보생탕 투여군이 약간씩 높았으나 대조군과 보생탕 투여군간의 변이는 큰 차이는 없었다. 그리고 천골과 미추에서는 수의 차이가 관찰되었으나 큰 차이는 없었고 미추에서는 유의성이 나타났다.(P<0.01) 그리고 늑골과 경추, 흉추, 요추는 그 수가 일정했다. 이상에서 보생탕 투여는 임신 모체와 태자의 체중 및 증체량의 증가를 촉진시키는 것으로 관찰되었으나, 기타 다른 모체 기능에 관한 지표, 즉 황체수, 착상수, 착상율, 임신율, 초기소실율, 후기소실율등에 영향을 주지 않는 점과 차세대 동물 The experiments were undertaken to evaluate the effects of Bosaengtang in pregnant rats and fetuses. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered with Bosaengtang at the dose of 5mg/kg/day for 20 days. Pregnant rats were sacrificed at the 20th day of gestation, and observed internal and reproductive organs. Fetuses were randomly selected and fixed in 95% ethanol. Fetuses were stained with alcian blue and alizarin red S, and observed skeletal malformations. The results obtained were as follows : Bosaengtang administered group showed higher maternal body weight than the control group, but both groups showed increase in weight. Bosaengtang administered group showed lower than the control group, and higher liver and kidney weight than the control group, but the differences were minimal. There were no significant changes between the control and treated group in blood chemistry values and hematological values but all the groups were within in normal ranges. There were no significant changes in the number of corpus luteum, implantation, live fetus and implantation rate, delivery rate, late resorption rate, sex ratio, but Bosaengtang administered group showed higher early resorption rate than control group. comparing the control and Bosaengtang group, neonatal body weight and the number of fetuses were increased in Bosaengtang group. The fetuses of dams treated with Oriental medicine didn't showed external malformation. Vertebral and sternal variations were observed in Bosaengtang group, but the differences were not apparent compared to the control group. The number of ribs, cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae were normal. The number of sacral was similar and the number of caudal was increased. Fetuses showed significant difference in the number of caudal vertebrae. (P<0.01) From these results, we can carefully conclude that Bosaengtang showed beneficial effects on maternal body weight, early resorption rate, number of live fetus. There were no significant changes in organ weight, hematoscopy, reproduction organs. External malformation wasn't visible. Skeletal variations were showed in vertebrae and sternum but compared to the control group, these variations weren't much different.