Brain SPECT 영상의 Attenuation Correction 방법들에 대한 비교

조진우,김창호,나수경,이귀원,Jo, Jin U,Kim, Chang Ho,Na, Soo Kyung,Lee, Gui Won 대한핵의학기술학회 2012 핵의학 기술 Vol.16 No.2

이 연구의 목적은 Brain SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography)의 Non-attenuation correction (AC-non) 영상에 대한 attenuation correction(AC) 방법 중 Chang's method와 CT based attenuation correction(AC-CT) 사이의 count를 비교하기 위함이다. phantom study는 증류수로 채워진 hoffman 3D phantom에 $^{99m}Tc$ 37Mbq을 투여하였고, patient study는 normal volunteer에 $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO 750Mbq를 정맥주입하고 Siemens사의 Symbia T6로 Brain SPECT 영상을 획득하였고 뇌 정량 분석을 하였다. 각각의 방법들을 적용한 transverse image는 같은 위치에서 재구성 되었으며 각각 10, 20, 30번째 slice에서 6개의 region of interest(ROI)를 그려 AC-non 과 AC-CT 그리고 Chang's method의 count를 비교하였다. phantom study에서 AC-non, AC-CT, Chang's method의 각각 평균 count는 $4606.8{\pm}511.3$, $16794.6{\pm}2429.4$, $8752.6{\pm}896.5$이었으며 patient study에서 $5460.8{\pm}519.6$, $15320{\pm}1171.6$, $12795{\pm}1422.1$이었다. phantom study에서 AC-CT와 AC-non 사이의 비는 3.70이고 Chang's method와 AC-non 사이의 비는 1.92였으며 patient study에서는 각각 2.85, 2.38이었다. 우리는 이 연구를 통하여 AC-CT가 Chang's method보다 더 높은 AC을 해준다는 걸 알 수 있었다. 그리고 Chang's method는 patient study에서의 AC 값이 phantom study에서의 AC값보다 더 높다는 것을 알 수 있었다. brain SPECT/CT를 시행하는 경우 scatter correction을 같이 시행하고 bone에 의한 감쇠 정보를 반영할 수 있는 AC-CT가 chang's method보다 정확하다 할 수 있겠다. Purpose : The purpose of this study was to compare count between Chang's method and CT-based attenuation correction (AC-CT) among the attenuation correction (AC) methods for non-attenuation correction (AC-non) images of Brain SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography). Materials and Methods : We injected $^{99m}Tc$ 37Mbq in a Hoffman 3D phantom filled with distilled water in the phantom study, and injected intravenously $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO 740Mbq in a normal volunteer in the patient study, and then obtained Brain SPECT images with Symbia T6 of Siemens and conducted quantitative brain analysis. Transverse images to which each method was applied were rebuilt at the same position, and 6 regions of interest (ROI) were drawn on each of Slice No. 10, 20 and 30 and then the counts of AC-non, AC-CT and Chang's method were compared. Results : The mean counts of AC-non, AC-CT and Chang's method were $4606.8{\pm}511.3$, $16794.6{\pm}2429.4$, and $8752.6{\pm}896.5$, respectively, in the phantom study and $5460.8{\pm}519.6$, $15320{\pm}1171.6$ and $12795{\pm}1422.1$, respectively, in the patient study. In the phantom study, the ratio of AC-CT to AC-non was 3.70 and the ratio of Chang's method to AC-non was 1.92, and in the patient study, they were 2.85 and 2.38, respectively. Conclusion : From this study, we found that AC-CT makes higher AC than Chang's method. In addition, when Chang's method was used, AC in the patient study was higher than that in the phantom study. These results need to be considered also in other examinations.

PET/CT 검사 환자의 피폭선량 경감을 위한 연구

김봉수,표성재,조용귀,신채호,조진우,김창호,Kim, Bong-Su,Pyo, Sung-Jai,Cho, Yong-Gyi,Shin, Chai-Ho,Cho, Jin-Woo,Kim, Chang-Ho 대한핵의학기술학회 2009 핵의학 기술 Vol.13 No.3

목적 : 환자의 피폭선량 감소를 위해 PET/CT검사 시Pitch를 조절하여 환자의 피폭선량을 줄일 수 있는 방법에 대해 고려해 보고 Pitch 조정이 CT 영상과 PET의 SUV값에 영향을 주어 변화가 있는지를 살펴 보고자 한다. 방법 : Siemens사의 Biograph Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scanner (CT 형식 : TRCT-240-130 (WCT-240-130)을 사용하였다. 환자의 피폭선량 평가로는 CT 조사선량 측정기인 PTW-DIADOS 11003/1383를 사용하여 선량을 측정하였고 Pitch 조정이 CT 영상에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 AAPM Standard Phantom을 이용하여 pitch 변화에 따른 CT 영상의 공간 분해능을 측정하여 비교하였다. 그리고, PET source consists of a solid radioactive cylinder phantom을 사용하여 Pitch 변화에 따른 Fusion 영상의 SUV값을 산출하여 PET/CT 영상에서 SUV값이 변하였는지 확인하였다. 결과 : 2slice CT scanner에서는 Pitch가 0.7~1.3까지는 방사선량이 크게 떨어지나 1.5~1.9까지는 방사선량의 감소가 작아졌으며 Pitch값이 커질수록 환자의 피폭선량이 작아지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 Pitch값의 증가에 따른 SUV값의 변화는 거의 없었으며. Pitch값이 PET SUV값에 영향을 주지 않는다는 것을 알 수 있었다. Pitch의 변화가 CT 영상에도 크게 영향을 주지 않는 것을 알 수 있었다. 결론 : 위의 결과로 PET/CT를 사용하는 병원은 영상의 왜곡이 없고 PET SUV값에 영향을 주지 않는 범위 내에서 각 병원에 맞는 Pitch값을 찾아서 환자의 피폭 경감을 위해 노력해야 할 것이다. 그리고 Multi-detector를 가진 CT scanner인 경우에 모두 해당 될 것이라 생각되며 향후 다른 장비에서도 이와 같은 실험이 필요하다 하겠다. Purpose: As the number of patients has increased since the installation of a PET/CT, we are now examining about 2500-3000 annually. We have realized that if we properly adjust a pitch under the same condition of a CT during a PET/CT exam, radiation quantity that reaches the patient can change. In order to reduce the exposure dose of a patient, the research examines a method of reducing the exposure dose of a patient by controlling the pitch during a PET/CT exam, viewing whether the adjustment of the pitch influences CT image and PET SUV. Methods: The equipment used is a Biograph Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scanner (CT type: TRCT-240-130 (WCT-240-130)) of Siemens company. For the evaluation of exposure dose of a patient, we measured radiation quantities using a PTW-DIADOS 11003/1383, which is a CT radiation measurement instrument used by Siemens. We measured and analyzed the space resolutions of CT images caused by the change of pitches using an AAPM Standard Phantom in order to see how the adjustment of pitches influenced the CT images. In addition, in order to obtain SUVs caused by each change of pitches using a PET source made with a solid radioactive cylinder phantom, we confirmed whether the SUVs changed in the PET/CT images by calculating the SUVs of the fusion images caused by the change of pitches after obtaining CT and PET images and finishing the test. Results: 2slice CT scanner showed that radiation quantities largely dropped when pitches ranged from 0.7 to 1.3 and that the reduction of radiation quantities were smaller when pitches ranged from 1.5 to 1.9. That is, we found that the bigger pitch values are the smaller the radiation quantities of a patient are. Moreover, we realized that there is no change of SUVs caused by the increase of pitches and that pitch values do not influence PET SUVs and the quality of CT images. It is judged that using 1.5 as a pitch value contributes to the reduction of exposure dose of a patient as long as there is no problem in the quality of an image. Conclusions: When seeing the result of the research, hospital using a PET/CT should make an effort to reduce the exposure dose of a patient seeking pitch values appropriate for their hospital within the range in which there is no image distortion and PET SUVs are not influenced from pitches. We think that the research can apply to all multi-detectors having a CT scanner and that such a research will be needed for other equipments in the future.

치아 및 임플랜트 지지 고정성 국소의치에서 내가동 연결장치의 변형에 관한 유한요소법적 분석

김창호,최아영,계기성,조규종,Kim, Chang-Ho,Choi, Ah-Young,Kay, Kee-Sung,Cho, Kyu-Zong 대한치과보철학회 1997 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.35 No.2

A lot of the research paper was reported about the result of influence of IMC (Intra-mobile connector) in the IMZ implant placed solely in the alveolar bone, but reports about the effect of IMC on functional load at state of connecting with natural teeth ere rare. The major propose of this study was find the mechanical character of IMC itself by using the finite element analysis program after simulated variance of condition connected with the natural teeth and implant on funcional load. When first and second premolar was lost, IMZ implant was placed with a diameter of 3.3mm and a length of 13mm with IMC in second premolar area. Rigid connection was done and the non-figid connention was located on the female part of the canine abutment and the implant respectively and then both the infraocclusion of $30{\mu}m$ and the non-infraocclusion under the load of 40kg applied to the portion of the natural teeth, the pontic and the implant. The displacement and the stress of it was estimated and analyzed IMC itself of the rigid connection and the non-rigid connection was grouped. The following result were obtained. 1. In all groups, the displacement of Y-axis was greater than that of X-axis and the aspect of displacement showed that IMC was displaced downward and to the center. 2. There was no differences in the displacement of IMC regardless of the connection type. 3. In the displacement of IMC, I 4 was the least, I 1 and I 3 are similar and I 2 was the greatest. 4. There was no differences in the peak value of maximal stress of IMC regardless of the connection type. 5. In the peak value of maximal stress of IMC, I 4 was the least, I 1 and I 3 were similar, and I 2 was the largest.

삼림,우리에게 무엇을 주는가-5.삼림자원의 보호정책

김창호,Kim, Chang-Ho 한국과학기술단체총연합회 1995 과학과 기술 Vol.28 No.8

선천성 코눈물관막힘을 가진 영아 중에서 마사지만으로 호전된 경우의 특징

김창호,유혜린,윤영수.Chang Ho Kim. M.D.. He-len Lew. M.D.. Young Soo Yun. M.D. 대한안과학회 2008 대한안과학회지 Vol.49 No.10

Purpose: The treatments for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction range from minimally invasive to more invasive methods. Initially, clinicians select lacrimal sac massage with topical antibiotics application or early lacrimal sac probing. We studied if the characteristics of infants improved after lacrimal sac massage with topical antibiotic application. Methods: Two hundred thirty-four eyes of 204 patients diagnosed with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction from March 2001 to January 2007 were included. Excluded were infants who had obvious epiblepharon or eyelid abnormalities, tumors of the lacrimal system, or a history of trauma. Neonates less than 1 month were also excluded to rule out neonatal conjunctivitis. At the first visit, we recorded birth profile information such as gestational age, birth weight and height, onset time of symptoms, and post-conceptional age. We compared the results between the successful treatment group and failure group after lacrimal sac massage and topical antibiotic application. Results: One hundred twenty-three eyes showed improvement after conservative treatment (52.6%), and the infants included in the success group visited earlier and had lower PCA (P<0.05). No other factors evaluated in this study contributed toward the improvement in symptoms observed. Conclusions: When considering treatment for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction, an evaluation of factors related to birth should be performed. According to the results, infants with the characteristics of favorable outcome should be treated conservatively, while those patients who do not have the characteristics for favorable outcome should be treated by early probing to achieve an effective and satisfactory outcome. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2008;49(10):1559-1564

더 나은 변화와 가치를 추구하며, 실패를 두려워하지 않는 인재

김창호,Kim, Chang-Ho 한국대학교육협의회 2003 大學敎育 Vol.125 No.-

눈물 흘림 환자에서 눈물소관 관류술과 존스 검사, 눈물주머니조영술간의 상관 관계

김창호,유혜린,윤영수,Chang-Ho Kim,Helen Lew Young-Soo Yun 대한안과학회 2007 대한안과학회지 Vol.48 No.8

Purpose: The correspondence between the canaliculus irrigation test, dacryocystography, and Jones test in patients with epiphora was investigated. Methods: The study included 494 eyes of 359 patients who complained of epiphora and underwent both canaliculus irrigation test and dacryocystography from May 2001 to March 2006. Sixty-eight eyes from 34 patients diagnosed with functional lacrimal duct obstruction took Jones tests. Factors such as age, sex, duration of epiphora, and site of obstruction were analyzed in terms of correspondence of the tests. Results: Between the canaliculus irrigation test and dacryocystography, correspondent rate was 55%. Correspondence had no relation to patient age, sex, duration of epiphora, or site of obstruction. Between Jones test and dacryocystography, the correspondent rate was 47%. Factors affecting the correspondences were not significantly found. Conclusions: A canaliculus irrigation test can give useful information with high correspondence rate of dacryocystography in the case of ‘not pass’ or ‘pass without regurgitation’. Therefore dacryocystography should be utilized in “pass with regurgitation” cases by canaliculus irrigation test.

유공웨브 합성보 강도식의 제안

김창호,Kim, Chang-Ho 한국건축구조기술사회 2001 건축구조 Vol.8 No.3

송암(松巖) 기연익(奇挻翼)의 삶과 문학세계

金昌祜 ( Kim Chang-ho ) 동방한문학회 2019 東方漢文學 Vol.0 No.80

이 글은 17세기에 호남지역에서 활동한 松巖 奇挻翼(1627~1690)의 삶과 문학세계를 고찰하는 데에 목표를 둔다. 학문적 지형도를 볼 때, 기정익은 우암 송시열의 학단에 속한다. 그는 호남 사림과의 활발한 토론을 통해 돌출된 문제나 미해결 과제를 우암에게 질의하면서 자신의 견해를 정립해 나갔다. 나중에 길을 달리하였지만, 윤증과도 서신 왕래를 통해 학문적 질의와 토론을 이어나갔다. 그의 학문은 곧 성리학 자체에 대한 탐구의 과정이지만, 한편으로는 자식의 죽음 등 개인사의 비애를 극복하는 하나의 기제이기도 했다. 한편 禮訟의 시기에 그는 스승 우암의 환란을 지켜보면서 정치적 견해를 드러내기도 하였다. 여기에는 당파적 이해가 작용하고 있는데, 그 배면에는 공부론에 바탕한 시비와 선악, 군자와 소인의 분변에 대한 명확한 기준이 뒷받침되고 있음을 알 수 있다. 기정익은 제도 개선이나 사회 변혁에도 관심을 가졌다. 조선후기 성리학의 분파, 정치권력의 문제가 문집 간행과 일정하게 연관되는 것을 볼 때, 『栗谷續集』 간행에 있어서의 그의 역할과 당대 명사와의 교류는 지방 학자로서의 위상을 뛰어 넘는 것이었다. 자신의 목소리를 통해 사문에서의 역할을 확대할 수도 있었을 것이나, 그가 관심을 가진 것은 생활공간에서의 학문 이상의 실현이었다. 이를 위해서는 自足的 世界의 구축이 필요했고, 「店翁說」에서 제시되는 바와 같은 ‘부지런함’, ‘원망하지 않음’, ‘학인으로서의 본질을 갖추고 학인으로서의 職을 편안하게 수용하는 것’ 등을 필요 요소로 생각했다. 50여 수에 불과한 그의 시에서 반복되는 宋儒의 氣像 -程顥의 ‘望花隨柳過前川’, 周濂溪의 ‘胸中灑樂如光風霽月’ 등-은 이러한 자족의 공간을 배경으로, 궁극적으로 그가 소망하는 인격의 지점을 말한 것이다. 학자로서의 송암 기정익은 우암 송시열의 자장 안에서 이해해야 하지만, 그의 문학세계는 17세기 호남 사림의 학문 이상의 생활공간에서의 실현 과정과 굴곡진 삶의 표현이라는 면에서 독자성을 확보하고 있다고 할 수 있다. This article aims to examine the life and literature world of Songam Gi Jeong-ik (松巖 奇挻翼, 1627-1690) who worked in Honam region in the 17th century. In terms of academic topography, Gi Jeong-ik belongs to the group of Uam Song Si-yeol(尤庵 宋時烈). His study was a process of exploration of Confucianism itself, but, on the one hand, it was a mechanism to overcome the sorrows of personal history, such as the death of a child. On the other hand, during the time of Yesong (禮訟) he watched the tribulation of his teacher Song Si-yeol and would express his political views. Gi Jeong-ik was also interested in institutional improvement and social change. From the fact that the issues of factions of Confucianism and political power in the late Joseon Dynasty were consistently associated with the publication of his literary collections, his role in the publication of “Yulgoksokjip(栗谷續集)” and the exchange with his contemporary figures (名士) exceeded his status as a local scholar. What he was interested in was the realization of the academic ideal in his living space. This required building a self-sufficient world, and its sub-elements he thought were ‘diligence’, ‘not being resentful’, and ‘accommodating the assignments (職) as a scholar with the essence as a scholar (學人)’ as presented in “Jeomongseol (店翁說)”. His poems, which are only about 50, are based on the self-sufficient space and they ultimately depicted the point of his desired character. Gi Jeong-ik as a scholar must understand in the magnetic field of Song Si-yul, but it can be said that his literary world has its own uniqueness in terms of the realization of the academic ideal in his living space of Honam Sarim in the 17th century and the expression of curved life.

동위원소 치료병실의 I-131 배출에 대한 소고(小考)

김창호,김기섭,Kim, Chang-Ho,Kim, Gi-Seop 대한핵의학기술학회 2008 핵의학 기술 Vol.12 No.1