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이동도 보상 회로와 공통모드 전압 조절기법을 이용한선형 CMOS OTA
김두환,김기선,조경록,양성현 대한전자공학회 2006 電子工學會論文誌-SD (Semiconductor and devices) Vol.43 No.12
This paper describes a new linear operational transconductance amplifier (OTA). To improve the linearity of the OTA, we employ a mobility compensation circuit that combines the transistor paths operating at the triode and subthreshold regions. The common-mode control schemes consist of a common-mode feedback (CMFB) and common-mode feedforward (CMFF). The circuit enhances linearity of the transconductance (Gm) under the wide input voltage swing range. The proposed OTA shows ±1% Gm variation and the total harmonic distortion (THD) of below -73dB under the input voltage swing range of ±1.1V. The OTA is implemented using a 0.35㎛ n-well CMOS process under 3.3V supply. 본 논문에서는 새로운 선형 연산 트랜스컨덕턴스 증폭기(OTA)를 제안한다. OTA의 선형성 향상을 위해 이동도 보상 회로와 공통모드 전압 조절기법을 적용했다. 이동도 보상 회로는 각각 트라이오드와 서브스레쉬홀드 영역에서 동작하는 트랜지스터의 경로를 연결하여 이동도 감소를 보상한다. 공통모드 전압 조절기법은 공통모드 피드백(CMFB)과 공통모드 피드포워드(CMFF)로 구성된다. 제안된 기술은 넓은 입력전압 스윙 범위에서 향상된 Gm의 선형성을 나타낸다. 제안된 OTA는 ±1.1V의 입력전압 스윙 범위 내에서 ±1%의 Gm변화율을 갖고 총고조파 왜곡(THD)은 -73dB 이하이다. 제안된 OTA는 0.35㎛ n-well CMOS 공정에서 공급전압이 3.3V를 갖도록 설계되었다.
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金斗煥 서울産業大學校 1988 논문집 Vol.27 No.1
龜裂先端 塑性區域이 너무 큰 경우 즉 大規模 降伏區域인 경우 龜裂先端의 應力 및 變形率 狀態를 說明할 수 있는 媒介變數로 J積分을 使用하여 龜裂先端을 包含하는 HRR 應力變形率場에서의 特異性을 나타낸다. 이 J積分 값은 彈塑性 破壞靭性値를 代表하고 있지만 龜裂이 成長한 以後에도 安定 龜裂成長이 發生하면서 荷重 支持部가 減少하여도 破壞抵抗은 增加하므로 龜裂進展點 以後를 規明하는 것은 相當히 重要한 問題이다. 本 硏究는 이러한 點을 考慮하여 平面應力狀態라 할 수 있는 鎔接殘溜應力이 內存된 SWS58 試驗片에 있어서 破壞靭性値에 미치는 殘溜應力과 龜裂比의 影響 및 各 J積分式에 따른 破壞靭性 擧動을 檢討하였다. 그 結果 두께가 一定한 試片의 破壞는 初期龜裂比가 큰 경우는 작은 에너지를 包含하므로 낮은 J 값을 갖으며, 殘溜應力은 350℃나 500℃의 熱處理 狀態에서는 J값이 크게 緩和되지 는 못하였으나 650℃나 800℃에서는 鋼이 塑性變形하여 거의 除去되나 800℃는 材質이 되므로 A₁變態溫度 以下가 바람직함을 알 수 있고 또한 Rice等에 依해 提案된 式은 다른 式들에 比해 過小 評價되므로 약간의 Merkle과 Corten 式은 거의 같은 性向을 보임을 알 수 있었다. In a case that plastic region of crack tip is very large, that is, large scale yielding zone, J-Integral as a prameter which can explain stress and strain conditions of crack tip is used. It is also expressed the uniqueness including crack tip at Hutchinson-Rosengren-Rice stress strain. Though these J values represent elastic-plastic fracture toughness value, it is very important to examine after crack development because when stable crack growth is occured, load resistance part is diminished and fracture resistance is increased. In this paper, it is studied effects of residual stresses and crack ratios falled on fracture toughness value of SWS 58 specimen inclued welded redual stresses and investigated the behavior of fracture toughness according to the each J-Itergral equations. From the reaults, inacase that thickness of specimen is constant and initial crack ratio is large, Fracture is occured at smaller J values for including lower energy. The residual stresses on the vicinity of a welding point were relieved effectively at the temperature from 650˚C to 800˚C which steel is transformed plastic than from 350˚C to500˚C It is showed to appropriate below A? transfdrmed steel quality. And also equation of Rice is understimated compare with others, therefore it is necessary to modify some increasement, merkle and corten equations considered tension effects is showed nearly same property.
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김두환,백경수 한국안전학회 2010 한국안전학회지 Vol.25 No.5
The surfacing of bridge-decks are object to secure trafficability and to protect bridge face from impact load of traffic volume and other external conditions. But the deformation of pavements and cracks happen due to the damage of the bridge-decks surfacing from the increase of the traffic, short maintenance period and continuous vibration of bridge. This test is to make the 3-type high performance concrete that has different mixing ratio and is added the blast furnace slag, fly ash and silica respectively, and to compare 3-type high performance concrete of normal high strength concrete of 400kgf/cm2 strength through the static loading test and fatigue test. And test specimen is united floor slab and pavement for the durability of bridge
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敵對的 企業買收 防禦에 대한 小考 — 美國 Delaware州 判例를 中心으로 —
김두환 한국경영법률학회 2007 經營法律 Vol.17 No.3
【Abstract】 A Legal Study on Defensive Tactics against Hostile Takeover : Focusing on the Delaware Court's Jurisprudence Kim Doo Hwan In the U. S. the Unocal test for determining whether a board of directors has met its burden to demonstrate the reasonableness of its actions as follows: First, a reasonableness test, which is satisfied by a demonstration that the board of directors had reasonable grounds for believing that a danger to corporate policy and effectiveness existed, and Second, a proportionality test, which is satisfied by a demonstration that the board of directors' defensive response was reasonable in relation to the threat posed. In itself, the Unocal test is a straightforward analysis of whether what a board did was reasonable. But Unocal's purpose and application have been cloaked in! a larger, rather ill-fitting doctrinal garment. Once the court applies the Unocal test, its job is, as a technical matter, not over. If, upon applying Unocal, the court finds that the defendants have met their burden of demonstrating the substantive reasonableness of their actions, the court must then go on to apply the normal review appropriate in cases that do not implicate Unocal. In essence, the court must reimpose on the plaintiffs the burden of showing " 'by a preponderance of the evidence' " that the business judgment rule is inapplicable. Of course, the business judgment rule exists in large measure to prevent the business decisions of a board of directors from being judicially examined for their substantive reasonableness - an eventuality that has, in the Unocal context, already taken place. With it refers from above, the author arranges, with critics, the discussion in the United States regarding the judgement standard of hostile corporate raid defensive act.
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