Cultural Study of Science and Technology (“STC”) : A Growing Subfield within STS

Mun-Cho KIM(김문조) 한국과학기술학회 2005 한국과학기술학회 강연/강좌자료 Vol.- No.-

네트워크 사회의 이념적 기초와 실천 전략 -균형적 지역발전을 위한 대안 탐색-

김문조 ( Mun Cho Kim ) 한국사회역사학회 2005 담론 201 Vol.8 No.3

내부자적 시각으로 본 한국사회의 계급갈등

김문조 ( Mun Cho Kim ),김남옥 ( Nam Og Kim ) 한국사회역사학회 2017 담론 201 Vol.20 No.2

The purpose of this study is to examine the subjective aspect of class conflict of Korean society from an insider`s view depending on FGI and IDI. It is based on the data from 「Report of the Second Study of Social Conflict in Korea」 conducted by Presidential Committee for National Cohesion in 2015. According to the past research, class relationship between upper and lower echelons in Korea has been represented by such terminologies as gap, competition, distrust, discontent, anxiety, frustration that lead to social conflict. However, seen from the insider`s perspective, the situation turns out to be much worse than it appears to be. The subjective or intersubjective inner world of class conflict, characterized by a those sensitizing concepts including disconnection, battle, hostility, resentment, obsession, give-up and condemnation, implies that whole society is a grand contested terrain of extreme struggle for existence. In addition, due to high social injustice and social distrust, class antipathy tends to be growing to the point that inter-class communications or collaborations are hardly feasible. To sum up the current class-landscape in light of the findings of this qualitative approach, Korean society is shifting toward the state of high risk being saturated with massive social inferiority coupled with a mixed feeling of anger and despair.

뉴미디어와 현실의 사회적 재구성 -생활세계론적 접근

김문조 ( Mun Cho Kim ),유승호 ( Seoung Ho Ryu ),정의준 ( Eui Jun Jeong ) 한국사회역사학회 2013 담론 201 Vol.16 No.1

Social constitutive power of media has been increasing continuously as we enter the era of new media driven by digital technology. As a result, media is no longer a simple means of living but a life itself. Building on Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann`s phenomenological proposition: ``Reality is socially constructed``, this study applies said proposition to our current social reality and discusses the changing life-world of the digital age under the theme of “social reconstruction of reality”. Nest, referring to the results from 2011`s survey of 1027 netizens on happiness, the constituting mechanisms of online and offline life-worlds are compared. Finally, based on aforementioned theoretical and empirical discussions, qualitative differences in online and offline life-worlds are further explored. Upon analyzing survey results, the rise of online life-world, as opposed to offline life-world, is witnessed. Online life-world can now be considered a very effective functional alternative to offline life-world. While citizens, the members of offline life-world tend to follow reality principle, netizens of online life-world appear to favor fantasy principle. If causal logic is inherently emphasized in explaining the behaviors of citizens, narrative logic seems more salient for understanding netizen`s behaviors. Compared to our conventional offline everyday-life which has been existing from the outset of agricultural age, online everyday-life used to be generally looked down as ``mock reality`` devoid of substance. However, empowered online virtual reality is now elevated to an alternative life-world capable of competing against offline actual reality. Moreover, owing to its hyper-real characteristics, online virtual reality appears to reinforce itself up to a point where the possibility of colonizing offline everyday-life cannot be ignored.

한국사회의 계급갈등과 통합 -분배와 인정을 넘어서

김문조 ( Mun Cho Kim ),이선우 ( Sun Woo Lee ),장안식 ( Ansik Chang ) 한국사회역사학회 2015 담론 201 Vol.18 No.4

The purpose of this study is to explore possible alternatives for dealing with conflicts by analyzing the present condition of class conflicts in Korea. First of all, after the overview of the current society in the light of the insecurity thesis in which a trivial conflict can be transformed into a more serious conflict, we proposed a theoretical framework and practical plans in the review of the characteristics, causes, and the process of the class conflict. Based on data from 1,200 adults aged 19 years and over, this study empirically analyzed major propositions that were derived from the theoretical discussion and examined the implications. Today’s Korea society that can be characterized as a tense standoff among segregated classes needs an explanation of expansion that exceeds beyond the current theories of explanations, based on the recognition and distribution. Therefore, we framed a new social integration model focusing on a legalistic approach based on retributive justice, a welfare approach based on distributive justice, and a reconciliatory approach based on restorative justice. Study findings indicated the desire for a welfare approach was divided into two other approaches. And, the results of this study confirm that a liability approach which is based on the logic of legal or supra-legal and a reconciliatory approach which is based on the emotional sympathy are the powerful alternatives that can resolve the rising conflicts in the state of high insecurity.

현대사회, 어떻게 연구할 것인가?

김문조 ( Mun-cho Kim ) 한국사회역사학회 2018 담론 201 Vol.21 No.3

Sociology has been concentrating on the dual tasks; the analysis of the structural arrangement of a society in a given time and the analysis of the process of social transformation over time. As social transformations are getting routinized, however, the distinction between synchronic and diachronic approaches is waning, and sociological inquiry tend to converge on how to figure out structural patterns of changing society. Contemporary societies are described in terms of timelessness, nomadism, flexibility, connectivity, hybridity, virtuality, frivolity and individuality. Since they can be subsumed under the theme of amorphism, we need to construct an alternative approach to investigate underlying mechanism of such seemingly amorphous social reality. Meta-sociology based on synthetic mode of thinking is expected to give a promising answer. Over the two hundred years of intellectual development, sociology has fostered two research traditions, positivistic and hermeneutic ones. If they are designated as the first and the second sociology respectively, meta-sociology can be named as ‘the third sociology.’ In light of the level of research, meta-sociology is categorized into analytic, methodological and theoretical types. Focusing on theoretical level, this paper suggests “mismatch paradigm,” an exemplar of meta-theory as an alternative paradigm to deal with the problematics of current society.

복잡계 패러다임의 특성과 전망

김문조(Kim Mun-Cho) 한국과학기술학회 2003 과학기술학연구 Vol.3 No.2

Complexity paradigm is a scientific amalgam that aims to unite a range of theoretical perspectives and research agendas across natural and social sciences. Proponents of complexity paradigm lay claims to an increasing number of areas of study, including artificial life, interpersonal networks, internal/international patterning of organizations, mapping of cyberspace, etc. All of those can be subsumed under the title, complexity tum. Owing to the idea of open system, complexity paradigm has developed a number of new concepts/themes/perspectives that help to account for the complex mechanism of living and non-living creatures. A complex system comprises a number of properties such as disequilibrium, nonlinearity, dissipative structure, self-organization, fractal geometry, autopoiesis, coevolution. Following a brief introduction to theoretical development, those properties are succinctly discussed. The complexity turn has provided a wealth of insights that enable to analyze system operations of any kind. It contributes a lot to illuminating the working of social system as well. The most remarkable attempt may be Niklas Luhmann's 'neofunctional system theory.' Merits and shortcomings of complexity paradigm were examined and its future prospect were assessed with the conclusion that complexity paradigm would continue to be useful both as effective transdisciplinary framework and powerful analytical tool.

‘정보격차’ 연구에 대한 검토와 미래 연구 방향

김문조 ( Kim Mun-cho ) 한국지능정보사회진흥원 2021 정보화정책 Vol.28 No.4

The ‘digital divide’ is regarded as a latent dysfunction that impedes the intrinsic role of information to contribute to social equality. Therefore, it has drawn great attention inside and outside of academia. The growing interest in the digital divide has been driven by the realization that it can create a serious crisis that threatens a social system compounded by existing economic, social, and cultural inequality, rather than being limited to an uneven distribution of information. In this paper (1) studies on the digital divide published since 1970 are reviewed, (2) studies noteworthy of discussion are selected to assess their academic significance, and (3) the tasks and prospects of digital divide research are explored. Although meaningful achievements have been amassed through continuous interest and efforts of the academic community, two limitations are raised; the gap between pure research and policy research that hinders the working of synthetic imagination, and the intellectual lag falling behind a rapidly changing society. In addition, it is suggested that the operation, curation, and augmentation gaps would emerge as new agenda for digital divide research in the intelligent information age.

정보화와 한국사회 불평등체계의 변화

김문조 ( Mun Cho Kim ) 한국사회역사학회 2004 담론 201 Vol.7 No.1

사회미학으로서의 그로테스크 : 영화 <기생충> 사례를 중심으로

김문조(Kim, Mun Cho) 동양사회사상학회 2021 사회사상과 문화 Vol.24 No.2

예술계에서는 ‘미(美)’를 표상하는 과정에서 미학의 중심권에서 배제된 주변적 요소들이 때때로 전면으로 부상해 기피되거나 거부되던 것들이 수용적 범주로 편입되어 왔다. 그 결과, ‘숭고’를 지향하던 전통미에 저항적 자세를 취해온 그로테스크의 입지가 날로 강화되고 있다. 그로테스크 미학의 표출 양상을 소재 부문, 표출 형태 및 표출 영역별로 살펴보면, 그것은 시각예술과 문학작품을 중심으로 한 예술 부문으로부터 인문학을 추축으로 한 언술 부문을 넘어 인문학 및 사회과학을 위주의 학술부문으로 파급되어 상상계, 서사계 및 현실계로 영역을 확장하는 한편횡단적 교류를 통해 사회미학적 성격을 보강해 가고 있다. 즉, 심미적확장을 기본 목표로 하는 그로테스크 예술인 “아름답지 않은 것의 아름다움”을 색출하려는 탐미적 노력은 언술적·문화적 차원으로 파급됨으로써, 그로테스크는 순수미학의 담장을 넘어 새로운 가치나 관념을 추구하는 사회미학적 역능을 높여가고 있다. 더구나 경기 불황, 계급적 대립, 삶의 불확실성, 사회 불안, 기술 위험과 같은 현실적 난제가 가중되는최근 기존 가치나 질서에 대한 전복 의식이 순수미학의 범역을 넘어 사회체계 전반으로 확산되고 있는 바, 여기서는 문예이론의 양대 전통인순수예술론과 참여예술론의 교집합에 해당하는 사회미학적 관점에 의거해 그로테스크의 사회미학적 가치가 증대되는 경향을 분석해 보고자 한다. ‘변혁’이 시대적 특성을 대변하는 키워드가 되어가는 오늘날 그로테스크는 사회문화적 전복을 기할 수 있는 유력한 표현 방식이자 실천적 활로가 될 수 있다는 기대감이 높아가고 있으며, 그러한 경향은 첨예화하는 차별과 배제, 또 그로 인한 혐오와 분노가 사회적 화합이나 상생을 저해하는 화근이 되어가는 한국 사회에서 급등하고 있다고 판단된다. 따라서 이 논문에서는 사회적 공정성이 새로운 시대적 과제로 부각되는 오늘날 불공정한 사회 현실에 대한 전복성을 담지한 그로테스크 사회미학이 호소력을 더해가는 상황을 최근 세간의 찬사와 높은 호응을 불러일으킨 봉준호 감독의 영화 작품 <기생충>을 사례로 살펴보고자 한다. In today s art world, the peripheral elements that had been excluded from the center of aesthetics for ling have emerged to the front in the process of perusing beauty, and those that have been avoided or rejected have been included to the receptive category. As a result, the value of grotesque resistant to traditional beauty, has been upgraded. In addition, owing to a series of societal crisis such as economic recession, class confrontation, uncertainty in life, rising anxiety, and technological risk, the motive of subversion of existing values or status quo is spreading beyond the scope of pure aesthetics to the entire social system. Following the general discussion on the social aesthetics of Grotesque, this paper seeks to analyze the film <Parasite> based on the socio-aesthetic approach to grotesque. Today, as ‘subversion’ becomes a keyword representing a characteristic of current Zeitgeist, expectations are growing that grotesque can be a powerful symbol and practical way to overthrow the society and culture. Furthermore, it becomes a core characteristic of Korean society suffering from sharp discrimination and exclusion, and the resulting hatred and anger. The film <Parasite> can be recorded as a masterpiece since its social aesthetic touch of the aggravating class disparity of Korean society works best in visual, verbal and action levels.