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한반도 서북부지역 철기문화의 전개과정을 통해 본 위만조선과 마한
김상민 국민대학교 한국학연구소 2018 한국학논총 Vol.50 No.-
As a result of studies of the iron implements discovered in ancient Lelang (Nangnang) tombs, it has generally been agreed that the Iron Age culture in the northwestern region of the Korean Peninsula developed under the influence of the Iron Age culture of the Han Dynasty in China. Recent studies, however, suggest that the area was home to an Iron Age culture that developed separately from that of the Lelang (Nangnang) Commandery. The purpose of this study is to increase general understanding of the origins and development of Korea’s iron culture based on a comprehensive examination of the Iron Age cultures that prospered in the northwestern part of the Korean Peninsula. The study reveals that an independent Iron Age culture had already emerged in this part of Korea even before the establishment of the Lelang (Nangnang) Commandery in 108 BCE, and that it co-existed side by side with the Han-style Iron Age cultures for a certain period thereafter. It concludes that the earliest phase of the Iron Age in the northwestern part of the Korean Peninsula contained aspects of the Iron Age cultures that developed in Korea independently, and which may better be described as the Iron cultures of Wimanjoseon. The production of iron implements during this period is conjectured to have been based on the technical development of casting achieved during the Bronze Age prior to the establishment of the Lelang (Nangnang) Commandery in this area. The study also suggests that the Iron Age cultures established by Wimanjoseon had a strong influence upon the early phase of the Iron Age in Ma-han in the southwestern part of the Korean Peninsula, although those cultures failed to achieve sustainable inner growth after the foundation of the Lelang (Nangnang) Commandery. The Iron Age cultures of Ma-han displayed rather radical aspects that changed dramatically according with the times due to the political turmoil in the northwestern part of the Korean Peninsula during this period. 한반도 서북부지역 철기문화는 낙랑고분에 부장된 철기를 중심으로 연구되었다. 이러한 연구 경향으로 인해 서북부지역 철기문화는 낙랑군이 설치된 이후 한나라 철기문화의 영향을 받았다고 보았다. 그러나 최근 한반도 서북부지역에 낙랑군과 별개의 철기문화가 존재한다는 견해가 제기되고 있다. 여기서는 한반도 서북부지역의 철기 양상을 전반적으로 검토하여 철기문화의 변천 단계를 설정하고 연대를 확인하였다. 그리고 낙랑군 설치 이전에 독자적인 철기문화가 존재하였고, 이는 낙랑군이 설치된 이후에도 한식(漢式)철기와 일정기간 공존하였다는 것을 확인하였다. 즉, 최초의 서북부지역 철기문화 속에는 한반도만의 독자적인 철기문화가 내재되어 있을 가능성이 높으며, 이를 위만조선의 철기문화로 보았다. 그리고 낙랑군 설치 이전부터 보유하고 있던 청동기 주조기술을 토대로 스스로 철기를 생산하였을 가능성을 제시하였다. 이와 같은 위만조선의 철기문화는 금강을 중심으로 한 마한의 초기철기문화에 큰 영향을 주었다. 그러나 마한의 철기문화는 낙랑군의 설치 이후 철기문화의 내적 성장을 이루지 못한다. 이와 같이 시기에 따라 달라지는 마한 철기문화의 극단적인 성향은 마한 지역이 한반도 서북부지역의 지역 정세에 크게 영향을 받았다는 것을 의미한다.
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당뇨병성 백내장 수정체단백에서 증가된 Glycosylation에 대한 연구
김상민,김진우,김재명,박종은,최영길,김영설,김광원,김선우,양인명,조정휘 대한내과학회 1986 대한내과학회지 Vol.31 No.3
The rates of glycosylation of lens protein were determined in extracts of human eight diabetics and four senile cataractous lenses by TBA method. 1) The glycosylation value of theles crystallin was 0.98±0.42 n㏖/㎎ protein in senile cataract, 2.5±0.48 n㏖/㎎ protein in diabetics, the rate of diabetic cataract was significantly higher then senile cataract(p<0.005). 2) The glycosylation rate of lens crystallin has no relation with HbA₁C and fasting blood glucose, which means well-controlled diabetic condition before operation. 3) Nonenzymatic glycosylation of lens crystallin plays a role in its cataractogenesis.
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김상민 대한의사협회 2022 대한의사협회지 Vol.65 No.6
Background: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and teriparatide, which is a PTH analog, are special options of osteoanabolic therapies for osteoporosis treatment. Their efficacy in improving the bone mineral density (BMD) and reducing fracture risk is considered to have a long-awaited justification. Current Concepts: PTH is an 84-amino acid polypeptide that plays a key role in the calcium homeostasis of the human body. It yields anabolic effects on the bone by intermittent injections. During the first 6 months of PTH treatment, bone formation increases rapidly and bone resorption rises gradually. PTH is believed to be maximally anabolic during the anabolic window. In the phase III trial of teriparatide, significant reductions in vertebral and non-vertebral fractures were identified. Teriparatide has been studied in drug-induced osteoporosis, postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, and men with osteoporosis. The data derived from clinical trials with teriparatide showed an increase of the BMD in the treatment group compared to that of the placebo. Selective advantages on fracture healing have been shown in some studies; however, consensus on the relationship between teriparatide and bone healing is unclear. Discussion and Conclusion: Teriparatide has been approved for osteoporosis treatment in various situations, including postmenopausal women, men with osteoporosis, and cases with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Additionally, it can be useful in high risk for fracture groups, if fractures persist despite bone resorption inhibitor therapy, and if bone resorption inhibitor administration is difficult and contraindicated.
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