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김기수 한국중앙영어영문학회 2015 영어영문학연구 Vol.57 No.3
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between thinking about motion through space and thinking about time and to find psychological ramifications in English and Korean. Linguists have argued that two different movement perspectives are implicit in English and Korean temporal expressions: the ego-moving and time- moving metaphors. The results of the experiment indicate that Koreans use primed motional information to think about time. They provide evidence that Korean’s thinking about time is closely linked to their thinking about motion through space. It shows the effect of thinking about motion on the understanding of time in Korean other than English. The results of the experiment also indicate that Koreans might generally prefer time-moving consistent interpretations of ambiguous temporal sentences in Korean. This study suggests that the preference is attributable to the higher familiarity in everyday language because Koreans preferred time-moving consistent interpretations in Korean but not in English and according to McGlone & Harding (1998) and Boroditsky & Ramscar (2002), Americans also preferred time-moving consistent interpretations of ambiguous temporal sentences in English. Taken together, this paper supports the claim that abstract conceptual domains of time are understood through metaphorical connections from more experience-based, concrete conceptual domains of motion through space.
남궁석,金箕洙 忠南大學校 産業技術硏究所 1987 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.2 No.1
This paper deals with the dynamic component of cutting force in turning. In order to have high-efficiency and -precision in the cutting process and to verify cutting mechanism in more detail, it is very important to recognize the properties of cutting force, it is especially important to check the methods for adaptive control due to automation of the cutting process, e.g.tool wear, surface roughness, chatter vibration control, etc. For the purpose of investigating the possibility of inprocess recognition of the cutting process, the dynamic component is analyzed by the cut-off frequency at each cutting condition, as is the relationship between the dynamic component and the surface roughness. The results which obtained were as follows ; 1) The characteristics of the tool system have a large effect on the dynamic component of cutting force. 2) The dynamic component of cutting force is proportional to feed rate. 3) The frequency and amplitude of the dynamic component of cutting force is in relation to over hang length, cutting speed, and feed rate. 4) It is possible to recognize the cutting process by the method of cut-off frequency analysis. The dynamic component of tangential cutting force is in relation to surface roughness qualitatively in a cut-off frequency of 0-2.5 KHZ.
김기수 한국중앙영어영문학회 2017 영어영문학연구 Vol.59 No.3
This paper aims to investigate whether our thought about fictive motion (FM) can influence our understanding of metaphorical expressions about time in English and Korean. Two experiments showed that FM sentences including an explicit direction can influence the way Korean people think about time, but FM sentences including no explicit direction can’t. Specifically the proportion of responses differed reliably from chance (i.e., 50% Monday, 50% Friday) in the FM condition coming toward participants (e.g., “The road goes all the way from Seoul”), but not in the FM condition going away from participants (e.g., “The road goes all the way to Seoul”). The results indicate that FM sentences including an explicit direction can influence temporal reasoning and hence Korean people are strongly biased toward time-moving perspective. I suggest that the results of two experiments should come from the facts that FM sentences including no explicit direction are unclear whether they are priming ego-moving or time-moving perspectives and Korean people are familiar with time-moving sentences in everyday language. Based on the results, I conclude that FM including an explicitly stated direction (toward or away) can influence Korean people’s understanding of time.
김기수 한국중앙영어영문학회 2014 영어영문학연구 Vol.56 No.4
The purpose of this paper is to discuss some claims of the earlier and later versions of the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT), assess two objections directed at it: (1) circularity and (2) faulty typology, and suggest, revising Ruiz de Mendoza Ibanez & Otal Campo’s taxonomic criterion, a new classification of metaphors. Unlike previous theories, Lakoff & Johnson (1980), who first proposed CMT, argued that metaphor is not primarily a matter of language but of cognition. Later Lakoff (1987) and Johnson (1987) argued that metaphor is not simply linguistic and conceptual but also bodily in nature. In recent years, Lakoff and Johnson (1999) have developed a more complex version of CMT with the introduction of primary metaphors which are considered as one important advance in it. It is also argued that the evidence for conceptual metaphors comes from cognitive linguistic analyses of conventional expressions, novel extensions, and polysemy. And it is shown that evidence abounds that makes objection (1) obsolete, but objection (2) is justified. Therefore, this paper proposes, revising Ruiz de Mendoza Ibanez & Otal Campo’s taxonomic criterion, a new classification of metaphors as shown in figure 2. The basic division is between similarity and correlation metaphors. Similarity is at work in the case of ontological, image, and situational metaphors. Orientational, image-schematic, and propositional metaphors are based upon the correlation between two experiential domains.