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      • KCI등재

        델라웨어 도강작전에 나타난 조지 워싱턴 장군의 리더십

        김형곤 한국세계문화사학회 2013 세계 역사와 문화 연구 Vol.0 No.28

        The Crossing of the Delaware River in December, 1776 is one of the pivotal moments in American history. It is because the success of this military action gave a new life to just falling American Revolution. In fact, many studies meanwhile had focused on the historic facts of the Crossing. Thus, these studies did not consider the true qualities of George Washington’s leadership, which is the essence of victory. This paper is aimed to analyze the entities of George Washington’s leadership which turned the direction of the Revolution. Firstly, there is the embrace and unity leadership. The independence army called up for military service urgently, and the minutemen were just a mixed bag compared to the British army, the strongest army in the world. Because they came from several countries and had the special characteristics of their own, they could hardly be put together. The people from northern Virginia region including George Washington behaved the habits of rule and order in the hierarchial society. On the other hand the people from New England stressed the democratic tendency excessively. The people from the mountain area were the strong, disorderly, and rough individualist. The people from the city area were the bumptious. At first, Washington, Commander-in-Chief, had difficulty in allowing the unlike inclinations. But, he overcame the different regionalism and the class consciousness and put the gathering of various types of people into a united army. Secondly, Washington learned leadership from the defeat and the fail. He was completely defeated in the battles of New York and New Jersey and retreated to the Delaware River. However, he was never in a desperate situation and learned something from the defeats. That is the fact that the great military strength, the British army, was weak extremely in the mountainous battles, a guerilla fighting and a surprise attack. And, also, even though England won all the battles, the war did not end unless the arrest or the death of Washington. Thirdly, Washington had a unyielding leadership. He retreated to the Delaware, but knew the time to act something by intuition. Washington was ready, got a good time to act, decided a goal to achieve, and concentrated on it. He supplemented his disadvantages by communicating each other. Washington eventually won the victory of the Delaware battle by diverse guerilla fighting and surprise attacks. George Washington's leadership shown in the Crossing of the Delaware is one of the important driving force to give life to the failing light of American Revolution again.

      • 티탄산과 코발트산화물의 세라믹이온 : 선택성 막전극

        金炯坤 단국대학교 대학원 1989 學術論叢 Vol.13 No.-

        The ceramic ion-selectrode were made by using cobaltic oxide and titanium dioxide and sintering it above 2614~2700℃. The electrodes wers responded the constant potential to hydrogen or hydroxide ion in the range of pH4-10. The electrode of titanium dioxide was shown the selectivity to Mg^2+, S^2- and F^- ion. The electrode of cobaltic oxide was shown selectivity to Ag^+, clo_4^-, S^- and As^3+. Those electrodes were maintained constant potenitial for 6 months even immersed in aqueous solution.

      • Combined high-low C-V 방법에 의한 열산화막(Si/SiO₂)의 계면상태에 대한 연구

        최춘태,김형곤 順天大學校 1999 論文集 Vol.18 No.1

        SiO₂films were thermally grown flowing oxygen gas with 3% HCl gas at 920℃ and the SiO₂/Si interface states were analyzed by means of combined C-V method. Dielectric breakdown field, an important parameter, was most probably measured at 9MV/cm. The ranges of flatband voltages and impurity densities obtained from the experimental C-V data were -1.2∼-1.9V and ?? respectively. For all samples the work function differences between silicon and aluminium were shown the same value, -0.9V. All samples were experimentally estimated to obtain the interface density of 1.7∼5.5 ?? range at the near midgap.

      • KCI등재

        관절원판 유착을 동반한 악관절 내장증 환자의 수술후 증상의 변화

        김형곤,남광현,박광호,허종기,김일수,최희수 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2000 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.22 No.3

        Purpose: The aim of this study was to find the clinical characteristics of the patients who had temporo-mandibular joint internal derangement(ID) with disc adhesion(adhesion group) compared to only disc displacement without disc adhesion, perforation, hyperemia, and so on(ID group) . Materials and methods: Thirty seven joints were included in adhesion group and 54 joints in ID group of all 174 patients(174 joints) treated surgically and had been checked periodically over 12 months at TMJ clinic of Yongdong Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, between 1992 and 1997. Mouth opening range, pain during mouth opening and biting, headache, neck/shoulder pain and TMJ sound were checked his/her every visit before and after surgery. Results: The maximum mouth opening was improved significantly after postoperative 3 months in two groups(p<0.01), but adhesion group was less improved. Pain during mouth opening was improved significantly over 3 months after surgery in adhesion group(p<0.01), but in ID group 1 month after surgery. Biting pain was improved and maintained it after surgery and not significant difference between two groups. Headache and neck/shoulder pain were much improved after surgery(p<0.01) , but slight relapse was found in adhesion group after 12 months. TMJ sound was more found in adhesion group after 1 month(p<0.05), but after 3 months, no significant difference was found between two groups. Conclusions: The postoperative results of adhesion group were worse than ID group. Therefore, it is considered more carefully to diagnose and treat in cases of internal derangement with adhesion.

      • KCI등재후보

        Ethical Agenda for the Future of Global Community

        김형곤 21세기기독교사회문화아카데미 2012 신학과 사회 Vol.26 No.1

        Now we live in the globalized interdependent world whether we want it or not. Globalization brings both hopes and dangers. By globalization, in reality, the mass, consumer culture of the western cultural tradition becomes a universal culture pervading the globe with the suppression and erosion of local, indigenous cultural traditions. For this reason, globalism, like the concept of universalism, is likely to be another form of western imperialism without an answer to this question:“f whom, by whom, and for whom is globalization developing?”n Moreover, each of us has lived a distorted life as an independent,self‐linterested, and egoistic individual. At the same time, we recognize it as an intolerable thing to disregard human dignity, life, peace, justice,solidarity, ecological integrity, as well as community. In this situation, it is critical to understand the role of people's ethos as one of the elements capable of ensuring the continuity of a given community. We need to search a new root metaphor for the object of Ethical Agenda for the Future of Global Community_Hyung‐hKon Kim 35ethics, from which a basic social ethics perspective flows: the artistic root metaphor. In addition, the ethical self as ethical agents should shift from “tomistic individual”and “ndividual‐ain‐society”to “erson‐ein‐community.”Moreover, ethical values for the new paradigm within a new world order should be rearranged to live a way of life in which ethical values are harmonized: justice, peace, sustainability, and life, including liberty and equality as the traditional values. Finally, we need a preventive global ethics as a prophylactic for crises in global society. This is why a world ethics as the destination of social ethics will be unavoidable for the global age.

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