조선시대의 여행조건 : 黃胤錫의「西行日曆」과「赴直紀行」을 중심으로

정연식 서울여자대학교 2006 인문논총 Vol.15 No.-

美國急進主義運動의 擡頭와 衰退要因硏究

鄭然植,金慶麟,陳壽美,金東根 慶北大學校 1986 論文集 Vol.42 No.-

The purpose of this study is to explore the unfolding of the radical movement in the United States during the turn of this century. It particularly concerns about the factors determining the uprising of the radicalism at the end of the 19th century and its fall with the World War Ⅰ. The rise of American radical movement can be traced back to the industrializing era after the Civil War. It started as a reaction to the evils resulted from the rapid industrialization. Initially several movements broke out sporadically, however, until the radical ideology from Europe was flowed in. Then, the radical movement was accelerated. During this period, the leading figures who particularly influenced the development of the movement were: De Leon from the Socialist Labor Party; Gompers from the American Federation of Labor; Debs from the Socialist Party; and Haywood from the Industrial Workers of the World, etc. The movement in this era was unfolded the following historical phases: from 1870s to 1880s, the preparation stage of organizing the movement; 1890s, early action stage characterized by the Populist Movement, Pullman Strike, etc.; 1900s, the flourishing phase led by the Socialist Party and IWW; the declining phase was followed since the end of 1910s; after 1920s, American pragmatism again prevailed over radicalism. Factors attributed to the rise of the radical movement are: depravation of entrepreneurship; recurrent economic crises; deterioration of labor conditions; the influence of Marxism; and insensitive attitudes on the part of the capitalists and government. This paper also suggests the factors determining the decline of the movement: the rise of the American patriotism around the World War Ⅰ era; government's strong counteractions; anti-socialism prevailed by the negative impact of the Soviet Revolution; collapse of the movement organizations; economic recovery after the War; and the government's implementations of reforming policies. At conclusion, radicalism in the United States has played the preventive role against the risk of irreversible corruption of the Establishment and its rigidity.

韓國 上古代의 政治理念

鄭然植 경북대학교 사회과학대학 1982 社會科學 Vol.1 No.-

1. The object of this paper is to compose the traditional political ideas of the ancient Korea. There are a number of treatises about that time, but few among them touch on the aspect of political ideas. However, this paper would find out the main element of our original political thought which influenced political life of ancient Korean, thereby providing the basis of our subjectivity with an evident superiority over the ancient Chinese culture. This research mainly made use of the documentary records and scientific methods as much as possible, with the supporting facts from archaeological and mythological studies. 2. Korean nation belongs to the cultural circle of North-East Asia, the culture of Turan Plain in Central Asia, and its early form of faith was sharmanism, developing from animism to totemism. The thought of heavenly god, following the "Bright-Light" as the symbol of happiness and fear, had been constantly included in the ancient faith, so our ancestor had the advanced form of faith. As theocracy prevailed at that time, Tan-Kun had the position not only a ruler but also a shaman, In the early years of Tan-Kun-Cho-Seun, the Neolithic Age, they already farmed and raised domestic cattle, and the family system was established. So-called "Kiza 8 prohibition law" was a common law that had been effective among the dwellers. In the Bronze Age, the tribal state of Tan-Kun-Cho-Seun had came out predominant, and formed the leagues of tribes. About 2nd century B.C. it had developed a political system and established the feudal lords on the border areas. In Puyeu, King or chief of tribes were elected at the tribe conferences, and if King did not rule with virtue, he had to be replaced or killed. 3. In ancient time, Korean people highly regarded Bright-Light=Heaven, as it was the criterion of all value that gave good and happiness which were derived from the sun worship idea. So Bright-Light was continuously revealing in the myth of Koku Ryu, Silla, Kaya and most of old Korean states. Hong-Ik-In-Kan thought of Tan-Kun is the political ideas that saves the human being from disorder and rupture, and accomplihes welfare of all men. Hong-Ik-In-Kan thought includes ideas such as follows: The first is In-Bon-Ism; this idea means that a ruler must regard human as nobility, the core and basis of the polity. The second is Dae-Dong-Ism; this is the international-peaceful and universal idea that all men, not only internal but exteranl, are the same beings who can receive the benifit widely. The third is a principle of 'harmony', not aggressive but respectful among the clans or tribes. So it established the harmony of all men. The fourth is that the basic objective of governing is for the welfare of the people. Tan-Kun, son of God, was an educator and ruler who respected the providence. But if In-Bon-Ism applies thoroughly, it will bring about the handing over of the throne. 4. In ancient period, Korean culture was superior to that of Chinese. Ancient Chinese documents recorded that the East was called Dong-Ih where a man of virtue would never perish away. Benevolence, providence and humanity ideas, derived from Chinese Confucianism, also had been influenced by our Dong-Ih culture. Confucius, representative of confucianism was a descendant of Eun-race, whose culture was mainly influenced by Dong-Ih culture. We have considered the political ideas of the ancient Korea as the key subject, including political cluture, belief and so on, which as mentioned above were inherent, traditional and superior. Now, so long as Tan-Kun-Cho-Seon is historically recognized by documentary, archaeological and mythological research, and is confirmed of its value as political ideas and moral senses, we have to make it the basic source of establishing our subjectivity by more polishing our traditional political culture and ideas.

麗末에 있어서 朱子 性理學의 受容과 그 政治思想的 意義

鄭然植,趙顯傑 경북대학교 사회과학연구소 1989 社會科學硏究 Vol.5 No.-

The Neo-confucianism of Chu-tzu was systematized as a result of a scientific efforts caused by the periodical claims - the reorganization of public order, the establishment of centralism based on monarchy, and the surmount of the national crisis. Chu-tzu tried to reorganize the behabior patterns of individuals and the relationship among all of the social classes by means of li, the universal and internal principle. It was in the end of the Koryo dynasty when the Neo-confucianism of Chu-tzu introduced to the Korean peninsular. The political situation of Koryo was very difficult and complicated. It was basically caused by the confusion of the land system. the discord and struggle among social powers, and the external tension. The scholars of those day wished to solve these problems political goal to reinforce sovereign power. Therefore, the power of monarch is restrained by moral rules and ensured legitimately when he ruled over the people with virture. They forward several revolutionary policies for the establishment of central regims. First of all, they wanted to renovate the consciousness and attitude of the people with Neo-confucianism. By that time, Buddhism has played a leading part in the world of thought. But at the end of the dynasty, Buddhism gave rise to much problems - the secularization, the loss of it's own essential function and so on. So, the scholars came to criticize unreasonability and unmorality which was founded in the Koryo Buddhism. That was ultimately turned out to be ground of conscious-ness-reform. They also restored educational institution and encouraged the people to practice Chu-tzu chia-li. Educational institution had been established from the beginning of the dynasty, but it's function had become very weak in the later. Therefore, to stir up academic atmosphere and to cultivate official class with Neo-confucianism, they reconstructed a governmental school Sung-kyun-kwan in the national capital and reformed the teaching contents with the Neo-confucianism. And then, they wished to correct the land system for wealthy country and the establishment of government control of the land. The land system is a very important aspect related to good government. The land system of the early Koryo was based on a national possession in principle. But from the middle era of the dynasty, the private land ownership had come out. It means that only a few influential family kept the land exclusively. This confusion of the land system led to great social disoder, for example the enmity among classes, the degradation of the social discip-line, and the collapse of centralism. At last, they set up a series plans to distribute the land properly to the people. After all, they could achieve the firm management for human and material resources which were essential to the centralization through the Kwa-cheon act, a kind of national land possession. In conclusion, successive policies worked much changed to political and social structure in the end of the Koryo dynasty. As soon as the Koryo dynasty was collapsed, Neo-confucianism functioned as dominating ideology to build the Choseon dynasty. And it had an important effect upon the consciousness and attitude of the people after that time.

스트레스에 의한 p-MOSFET에서 열화 효과

이용재,권상수,임재우,정연식 東義大學校産業技術開發硏究所 1995 産業技術硏究誌 Vol.9 No.-

Hot-carrier-induced MOSFET degradation depends strongly on the quality of the gate oxide. In this paper, hot-carrier-induced degradation by each other gate voltage stress characterized for p-channel MOSFET's with thin gate oxide. Gate voltage for DC stress condition was measured at maximum gate current and substrate current, respectively. From stress measurement results, it was found that the channel length by stress was shorten with the DAHC model of trapped electron and hole in the gate oxides. And, it was confirmed that degradation of p-MOSFET's was caused by gate voltage at maximum gate current larger than that of substrate current.

마이크로 엔드밀링에서 음향방출 신호를 이용한 상태감시

정연식,강익수,김전하,강명창,김정석,안중환 한국공작기계학회 2004 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2004 No.-

Ultraprecision machining and MEMS technology have been taken more and more important position in machining of microparts. Micro endmilling is one of the prominent technology that has wide spectrum of application field ranging from macro parts to micro products. Also, the method of micro-grooving using micro endmilling is used widely owing to many merit, but has problems of precision and quality of products due to tool wear and tool fracture. This investigation deals with state monitoring using acoustic emission(AE) signal in the micro-grooving. Characteristic evaluation of AE raw signal, AE hit and frequency analysis for state monitoring is also presented in the paper.

湖西大同節目 서문에 보이는 金堉의 공리주의적 사고

정연식 서울여자대학교 2007 인문논총 Vol.16 No.-

평생학습의 동반자 ‘테마노트’

정연식 샘터사 2005 월간 샘터 Vol.420 No.-

시멘트ㆍ콘크리트의 유동성

정연식,Jeong, Yeon-Sik 한국레미콘공업협회 1999 레미콘 Vol.4 No.-

시간관리의 TPO 전략

정연식 샘터사 2005 월간 샘터 Vol.421 No.-