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젖소의 질소 이용 효율과 산유성적 향상을 위한 혈장 아미노산 및 대사 아미노산 최적화 연구: 메타분석
This study aimed to investigate the composition of plasma amino acids (p-AA) to enhance nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) in dairy cows and to propose appropriate metabolizable amino acid (m-AA) supplementation strategies. A systematic literature review of 306 studies examining changes in p-AA composition resulted in the selection of 55 papers. From these papers, data from 72 studies comprising 211 experimental units were extracted. In Chapter 3, the research conducted critical variable analysis to identify key p-AAs that could improve NUE, revealing that both plasma methionine (p-Met) and plasma histidine (p-His) are significant variables affecting NUE in terms of concentration and ratio. Chapter 4 further explored the effects of increased levels of p-Met or p-His on NUE and dairy performance through meta-analysis and subgroup analysis, assessing the variance in effects according to the metabolizable protein level in feed (MPA or MPD). It was found that different amino acids become limiting with varying MP levels. An increase in p-Met had a positive impact on NUE and milk yield when fed with MPA but not with MPD feed, whereas an increase in p-His exhibited significant positive effects with both MPA and MPD feeds. In Chapter 5, additional critical variable analysis identified important m-AAs for increasing the ratios of p-Met and p-His. The ratios of metabolizable methionine (m-Met), metabolizable leucine (m-Leu), and metabolizable histidine (m-His) were significant for increasing the p-Met ratio, while only the m-His ratio was significant for increasing p-His. The study confirmed that the increase in Met and His among p-AAs could enhance NUE in dairy cows. Notably, p-Met was limited to MPA feed, whereas p-His was limited in both MPA and MPD feeds. These findings can be utilized as a reference for improving NUE and dairy performance through precision nutrition, considering the MP level of the feed.
채병호 韓南大學校 社會文化大學院 2006 국내석사
Hair illustration first drawing though does practical use this variety and plan and is used in exhibition or contest and becomes a visual art. For a long time, express well hair artistically simply on costumer`s hair style was concept that know suggestion from picture in beauty illustration. In fashion illustration or the other industrial design is act as plan of work and creates style by various material. hair design process involves form, color, and texture of hair which is understanding and analysis of beauty. Shaping as the characteristic hair style required for each individual image. In this process, image thinking is very important source. Art, with its finite means, cannot hope to record the infinite variety and complexity of Nature, and so contents itself with a partial statement. By considering, nature, geometry, and color. Hair illustration as a media in delivering process of nature imagine is presented first in drawing language to express what it was intended to visualize. This represented image is then allowed to be created, according to hair style and constructive. Thus a drawing and computer graphic for the hair illustration is develop and grown up naw a days. Visible part completed through hair do into one. As beauty is a complex total art requiring time and visual elements, and illustration based on hair style image and hair design with one`s own technique is to completely make it one`s own thinking by adding creativity. As hair design is being changed in the trend and century. In other words, it means that embodiment of content, a concept of the design process is essential and basic. All of forms are widely divided into organic form and geometric form, and according as color. The nature always changes itself and makes a reasonable form for on activity of hair design. organic form example are based on sheep, wolf, turban shell, an animal, fowl. watercourse of plant and so on. The other in geometry form example are circle, square, triangle, cylinder cone, four corners pillar. We analysed example of image concept for hair style chapter 3, from this analysing of examples, of organic style and geometric form, and color image method on chapter 4. We want to exhibit course of unroll on creative hair design by sampling factor which it can apply creation of new illustration. Chapter 5 is about conclusion which is summary of study contents on the front and suggest the course of study from now on. This paper clears effect hair illustration is attained by creative image conception that special talent or long following is not and expresses and preservers initiative of work and desire that extension of education and an opportunity are used to some one.
사료 내 에너지원과 질소원의 비율 및 종류가 반추위발효성상에 미치는 영향
채병호 전북대학교 일반대학원 2020 국내석사
This study investigated the effects of NR ratio, NPN content and carbohydrate degradation rate on rumen microbial fermentation. The effects of the NR ratio and NPN on rumen fermentation were investigated. The NR ratio was set at three levels (3.5, 3.0, 2.5) and the NPN content at two levels (3.1%, 4.6%). This experiment was performed with a 3 × 2 factorial design. The NR ratio had more influence on the rumen fermentation than the contents of NSC and RDP. In particular, the amount of acetate production was significantly different according to the NR ratio and NPN content. Acetate production was higher in treatments with NR ratios above 3.0 and NPN levels of 4.6%. At the same amount of nitrogen supply to the rumen, the rate of energy supply was controlled. The energy supply rate was set by varying the ratio of sugar and starch in the NSC. In the same NSC, three ratios of sugar and starch were set, the NR ratio was 3.0, and the NPN content was applied equally at the 5.0% level. Despite the same NR ratios in all treatments, carbohydrate degradation rates affected rumen fermentation. As the sugar content increased, the production of propionate and MCP increased significantly. The results showed that rumen fermentation was improved when the NR ratio in the feed was 3.0 or more. NPN supply could enhance the growth of fibrolytic microorganisms and increase carbohydrate fermentation by supplying nitrogen sources in the rumen. Increasing the rate of carbohydrate degradation in the rumen increased the production of propionate and MCP.