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- 저자 : 禹郁澤 (검색결과 1 건)
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禹郁澤 동국지리학회 1984 東國地理 Vol.- No.5
This study aims to clarify the distribution and the process of the locational change of textile industry in Korea, to analyze with quantitative means the concentration and dispersion, the relative growth between regions and its relationships with business fluctuations, and investigate its relationships with city size and the locational linkages. The results of this study are summarized as follows; 1. The distribution of textile industry in Korea is generally characterized by the two great axes, which coincide with the Gyeongbu and Honam expressway. Particularly, large cities on these axes have grown as the center of the distribution. Textile industry in Korea has developed with the restoration works after Korean War in 1950s and concentrated in large cities as an import-substitution and export industry in the latter part of 1960s. With this installation of such industrial estates and the continuous increase of foreign demands for textile products in 1970s, the growth of textile industry shows the somewhat slowdown in large cities and the acceleration in their peripheral regions, suburbs. the fact that the industry in Korea is distributed centering on large cities is due to its labor-intensive industrial characteristic, superior infrastructures in large cities, the industrial inertia as the early start location and the marketing facilities concerned with the import and the export. 2. In 1950s the gravity center of the location of textile industry in Korea was in Yeongnam district which enjoyed the relative growth because it was out of the damages during Korean War. In 1960s, however, it moved in the direction of NW-ES with the rapid growth of Seoul and Gyeong-gi regions. In 1970s it proceeds southeastwards in the same direction on account of the rapid industrialization in Yeongnam district. 3. In terms of the relative locational change, textile industry in Korea showed the relative dispersion from large cities into their peripheral regions during 1968-1977, but it showed the reconcentration centering on large cities during 1977-1981. The latter is due to the amalgamation of adjacent administrative units and the agglomeration of such city-oriented industries as clothing, leather and so on. On the other hand, in terms of the province level, Do, such regions as Gyeong-gi, Gyeongbuk and Gyeongnam lead the nation-wide locational change. Theses regions are the center of the center of national market and possess the early start advantages, the vast labor market and good infrastructures. 4. In terms of the entropy index, the regional change of the employment in textile industry shows the relative dispersion in intraregional level as well as interregional level during 1968-1977 and vice versa during 1977-1981. On the other hand, it shows the process of more ubiquitous distribution as compared with other industries, so far as the nation-wide macro-analysis is concerned. 5. All classes of plant size in textile industry are reraly distributed in small cities. They are largely distributed in giant cities. The number of business functions increases as city size increases. Consequently, several giant cities lead the textile industry in Korea. 6. Many large scale textile companies in Korea carry out the wholly or partially integrated operation with their own equipments or the vertical integration. In the regional linkages of the integration of capital and production, the linkages between such giant cities as Seoul, Busan and Daegu show the most intensive pattern. This suggests that these cities are favourable in the availability of capital, technology and information. 7. In business fluctuations, the amplitude of textile industry is greater than that of other industries and the timing of the industry reacts about one or two years earlier than that of other industries. These facts imply that textile industry reacts very sensitively to business fluctuations. The reason why textile industry in Korea in sensitive to business fluctuations and the fluctuation of the international prices of raw materials is that the extent of dependence upon foreign raw materials and demands is very high in Korea. The regions around large cities react more sensitively than large cities themselves to the business fluctuation of textile industry in Korea, because the composition of the industry in the latter is more diverse than that in the former. This study was carried out only by means of macro-level analyses on textile industry in Korea. However, the macro-level analyses must be accompanied by the micro-level and empirical analyses in order to achieve the successful research.
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