흡연이 β-Thromboglobulin, Platelet Factor 4 및 혈소판 응집비에 미치는 영향

신화식,조민구,김소연,이권전,조태봉,조경준,최중호,강남영 대한내과학회 1986 대한내과학회지 Vol.31 No.4

The purpose of this study was to determine whether cigarette smoking acutely increases the plasma beta-thromboglobulin(beta-TG) and platelet factor 4(FF 4) and decreases the platelet aggregate ratio(PAR). Beta-TG, PF4, and PAR were measured before cigarette smoking and 20 minutes after smoking(2 filtered cigarettes) using radioimmunoassay kits, in twenty seven healthy men, aged 21 to 32, abstained from alcohol for 12 hours, from coffee and smoking for at least 8 hours. The results were summarized as follows; 1) In nonsmokers, before smoking plasma beta-TG was 42.9±10.6ng/ml, plasma PF4 7.1±2.7 ng/ml, and PAR 0.98±0.04 and 20 minutes after smoking plasma beta-TG significantly increased to 119. 4±41.6ng/ml, plasma PF 4 to 30.7±9.5ng/ml, and PAR decreased to 0. 86±0.10. 2) In smokers, before smoking plasma beta-TG was 49.3±9.1ng/ml, plasma PF 4 9.47±7.0ng/ ml, and PAR 0. 96+0. 10 and 20 minutes after smoking plasma beta-TG significantly increased to 134.4±43.0ng/ml, plasma PF 4 to 35.1±9.5ng/ml. and PAR decreased to 0.81±0.08. 3) Neither before nor after smoking showed signififcant correlation between nonsmokers and smokers in plasma beta-TG, PF 4, and PAR(p$gt;0.1). However in both groups there were significant difference between plasma beta-TG, PF4, and FAR before and after smoking(p$lt;0.005). In conclusion, there were significant increase in plasma beta-TG and FF 4 and decrease in PAR after smoking. Therefore the effect of cigarette smoking on the platelet activation and number of circulating platelet aggregates were significant.

통합적 미술교육 접근법이 유아의 창의적 그림표현에 미치는 영향

신화식,이진이 한국유아교육학회 1998 유아교육연구 Vol.18 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 통합적 미술교육 방법이 유아의 그림 그리기에서 창의적 표현력에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지 분석함으로써 보다 효과적인 유아교육에 관한 기초 자료를 제공하려는 데 있다. 만 3∼4세 유아 40명을 대상으로써 4주간의 실험처치를 하였다. 통합적 미술교육 접근법을 실시한 실험집단의 유아가 전통적인 유아 교육과정을 경험한 통제집단의 유아보다 그림 그리기에 있어서 창의적 표현력의 점수가 높게 나타났다. 통합적 미술교육 접근법은 창의적 표현력의 하위 요인인 표현태도, 표현대상, 표현내용 및 표현방법에서 의의 있는 영향을 가져왔다. The purpose of this study was to provide more effective basic materials for young children by carrying out a Whole art educational approach and analyzing the effect of this education on the degree of the creative expression in their drawings as a method of extending their creativity. This study was carried out on 40 children who are in 3 to 4 years of age at a children day care center. Children's parents were interviewed on their educational background, socio-economic status and level of creative expressions etc. The children were divided into two groups, an experimental group (20 children) and a control group with the matching of children's age, sex and parental background. The Whole Art Educational Approach was executed to the experimental group and was repeated fourteen times for four weeks, while the regular educational procedure was applied to the control group only. Observation and evaluation was executed totally of 3 times after the experiment. According to this method, the young children who received a high scores in the evaluation index are regarded as having high creative expression more than the children who received low score. The materials acquired as a result of observation were analyzed statistically by t-test and multi-variate ANOVA, using SAS program. The results were as follows: 1. The children of the experimental group upon which the Whole Art Educational Approach was used, showed the higher scores of creative expression in the field of drawing than the children in control group learned by traditional early childhood education curriculum. 2. It was revealed that all the both group of subjects showed the increment of subscores of sub-times including expression, attitude, expression content, expression subject and expression method in the comparison of experimental group and control group. However, the experimental group manifested the higher scores of increase than the control group.

성별에 따른 性役割의 社會化過程

이윤경,김헌수,신화식 淸州師範大學 새마을硏究所 1985 새마을 硏究論文集 Vol.4 No.-

This study was to derive the process of socialization of sex role through document analysis for its methodology. The results of this study are as follows: 1. In the process of socializationn of sex role, the socio-enviromental factors should be considered more important than the biological factors. They include the parents' religion, the social and economic living level of family, the mother's having a job or not, father involvement, the number of brother or (and) sisters, the age discrepancy among them, one's birth order in a family, teachers, friends, books, T.V. and so on. 2. The development of sex role was shown to be changed with one's age; in their middle ages, woman have a tendency to oparticipate in the manly activities, while, to men, feminine aspects are appearing. 3. The confusion of sex role (obstacle of the gender orientation or identity ) can lead to homosexuality (in which the normal sex role is impossible to take), clothes perversion and a sex exchange operation. 4. The terms 'sex role' and 'generder role' tend to be used undifferently with confusion; however, 'sex role' explains the biological aspects such as 'male' or 'female', while 'gender role' reges to the psychic aspects such as 'manly' or 'womanly'. 5. In explaining the development of one's sex role, only one the ory is not sufficient. Because, in the analytic and social learning theory, the attitudes of sex role acquried through identification or imitation are changed with the development of cognitive capacities.

Key Learning Community의 고찰

신화식 한국다중지능교육학회 2004 다중지능교육연구 Vol.1 No.-

몬테소리 영역 활동이 유아의 창의성에 미치는 영향

신화식 한국Montessori교육학회 2003 실천유아교육 Vol.8 No.-

Montessori 일상생활 활동이 유아의 친사회적 행동에 미치는 영향

신화식 한국Montessori교육학회 2001 실천유아교육 Vol.6 No.-

유아용 자연이해 지능의 한국적 수행평가도구(KPS) 개발

신화식 한국다중지능교육학회 2005 다중지능교육연구 Vol.2 No.-

본 연구는 한국적 유아용 자연이해 지능 수행평가도구 개발의 신뢰도와 타당도를 검증하기 위한 연구이다. 연구대상은 서울특별시 소재 1개 유치원의 원아 20명(남아10명,여아 10명)을 무선 표집 하여 선정하였다.자료처리는 SAS 프로그램을 통해 하였으며,T-검증과 Cronbach's5 Alpha 계수를 통해 결과를 도출하였다.자연이해지능을 구성하는 3개의 구인들은 자연이해지능 총점과 상관계수 .5이상으로 높게 나타나서 각각의 상관계수가 의미 있는 관계임을 알 수 있었다.즉,본 연구에서 개발한 평가 루브릭이 유아의 자연이해지능을 평가 하는 데에 유용하게 활용될 수 있음을 시사 받았다. The purpose of this study was intended to examine the reliability and validity of the Naturalist Intelligence Scale for Korean Child developed by the author. Subjects of the study consisted of 20 children who were attending in one college's Kindergarten located in Seoul, using random sampling method. Children's age ranged from 4 to 5. Data were analysed by PC computer, using SAS 9.1 program. Statistical methods employed were T, Cronbach's Alpha. Kappa coefficient, construct validity and concurrent validity. The Cronbach's a of 3 sub-scales included the understanding of nature, the clarification of classification and the use of its name was .90. and Kappa coefficient between interrators was .95. The relationship between the Naturalist Intelligence Scale for Korean Child and K-WPPSI showed non-significant correlation. Therefore, this scale developed by the author was different from the existing intelligence scales. In conclusion, the Naturalist Intelligence Scale for Korean Child developed by the author was verified through the above reliability and construct validity appeared by the correlation coefficient of more than .5.

우리도의 행정은 이렇게 운영하고 있다 ; 전라남도 편 ; 우리도의 공보선전행정

신화식 대한지방행정공제회 1958 地方行政 Vol.7 No.63

N/A N/A

자비명상의 실천체계 탐색 - 「자애의 경」을 중심으로-

신화식(申和植) 원광대학교 원불교사상연구원 2021 원불교사상과 종교문화 Vol.88 No.-

청소년이 지각한 근친상간의 가족역동

申和湜,金憲秀 대한소아·청소년정신의학회 1995 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.6 No.1