신라 중고기 서당의 설치와 운용형태

홍성열(Hong, Seong-yeol) 신라사학회 2018 신라사학보 Vol.0 No.43

This study explores why Seo-dang(誓幢) was first established and how it was operated before the unification. Seo-dang did not disappeared after the unification but later expanded in its size, changed its name and developed into Gu-seo-dang(九誓幢), the core military organization of Silla during the Three Kingdoms unification period. The word, Seo-dang consists of two words : 誓(Seo), which represents the characteristic of unit, and 幢(Dang), which represents the military organization. It is interpreted as the army which pledges allegiance to the king. It is thought that it was given a command directly from the king and was under his immediate supervision. The reason Seo-dang was established although Silla had already established a systematic military organization called Yuk-jeong(六停), was linked to the political situation of Silla, where the kings should keep in check many powerful aristocratic forces. Meanwhile, both the Seo-dang’s first involvement in wars against foreign countries and the first appearance of Siwibu(侍衛府) happened in 46th year of King Jinpyeong(眞平王). It seemed that Siwibu(侍衛府) was created to play a role as the guard for the King, in place of Seo-dang which was sent to the foreign wars. The members of Seo-dang were directly chosen by the king or royal family and they were trained as soldiers through hunting. It seems that Seo-dang was commanded by “Dae-gam(大監)”, not by a general. Although Dae-gam was allowed to command a military organization like a general, Dae-gam was not limited to be appointed among the Jin-gol(眞骨). Others status also could be appointed as a Dae-gam. Before Silla expanded its military organization during the unification war among three kingdoms, the commanders of the military organizations except Yuk-jeong were likely to be Dae-gam. Since the commanders of other military organizations under the kings command, such as Siwibu and Gyegeumdang(罽衿幢), were Dae-gam, the commander of Seo-dang was also assumed to be Dae-gam.

교정에 대한 실존주의 심리학적 접근

洪性烈 한국교정학회 2001 矯正硏究 Vol.- No.13

수형자들은 범행의도를 인정하고, 교정시설에서 그에 상응하는 벌을 받고 있는 사람들이다. 그러나 교정 프로그램은 수형자들이 범죄를 선택한 자유의지에 바탕을 둔 내적 변화보다는 상과 벌에 의한 외현적 행동수정을 우선적으로 추구한다. 그래서 처벌과 교정은 서로 일치하지 않는다. 범행의도에 의해서 별을 받는 수형자들에게 자유의지를 기본으로 하는 교정을 수행하기 위해서 실존주의 심리학적 접근이 타당하다. 실존주의 심리학적은 수형자들이 자신의 현존재를 솔직하게 받아들이게 하고, 자신이 세상에 존재하는 이유를 분명히 깨닭게 하고, 그리고 세상 을 자유롭게 설계할 수 있도록 도움을 줄 것이다. Convicted persons are those who have accepted the responsibility for their criminal behaviors and are being punished in the correctional institutions. And then the correctional programs should be performed according to those aimed to the change of the inner aspects of criminals. However the currently using programs stress the changes of criminals' extrovert behaviors through behavioral modification by rewards and punishments rather than those of inner ones. Furthermore it is agreeable that the whole climate of correction institutions is nearer to punishments rather than rewards. The effects of punishment especially is temporary and behaviors punished only show the reduction of the number of responses. Therefore if punishment is quit, behaviors that were repressed will be recovered to the first situation. For this reason, the two, the purposes of correction and the reasons of sentences are inconsistent one another. Such incompatibility can generate such problems as rationalization about criminal behaviors in the short term and repeated offenses in the long term. The congruously correctional programs between them are definitely needed for criminals' behaviors to be changed. Also the necessity should be first found within the reason of sentencing because sentencing is prior to correction. For leading to inner change of criminals, it is desirable for existential psychology to be applied to the correction situation. It helps criminals approve their current existence within the world, recognize the real reason for their existence, and design freely their own world. When all those things are possible, the genuine repentance of criminals' sins will be followed and then the successful effects of correction will be shown.

젊은이와 노인의 인지과정

洪性烈 강원대학교 1989 學生生活硏究 Vol.9 No.-

Aspirin 을 水溶液으로 경구투여 했을 때 그 吸收와 소멸

洪性烈 성균관대학교 1972 成均藥學 Vol.13 No.-

가족계획 우수.부진지역 사례연구

홍성열,김태일 한국인구학회 1981 한국인구학 Vol.4 No.1

This study was conducted to compare the characteristics of high performane areas for family planning with that of low performance areas and to find factors which strongly affected contraceptive practice behavior. For the study, eight areas were selected from 274 rural family planning canvassing areas of Korean Population Policy and Program Evaluation Study, which was an action study operated in all areas of Cheju Island from July 1, 1976 until December 31,1979. As a first step of the action study, Cheju Island was devided up 318 family planning canvasser areas Each area was consisted of 200 households in rural district and 300 households in urhan one Duriog the period of project, each canvassing area had been managed by a female family planning canvasser, selected by director of health center considering several individual conditions needed for family planning activities Basic activities of canvassers were to counsell all the eligihie couples in own charged area about family planning methods and also to distribute contraceptives such as condoms and oral pills. In case couples desire to accept sterilization including vasectomy and tubal-ligation, the canvassers played a linking role connecting potential client with family planning field workers. Canvassng areas shows significant differentce in performance for family planning, nevertheless they are supposed to have almost the same conditions regarding family planning distribution channel. Because the purpose of the Cheju project was to eliminate all the problems that existed in governmental distribution system, that is to remove geographic, economic, cognitive and administrative barriers Accumulated performances of family planning methods accepted by residents in each area were calculated by eligible women aged 14-49. And then canvassing areas were ranked according to performance score. Consequently, 4 areas in extremely high and low family planning performance areas were selected respectively. Major results were obtained by comparing characteristics of high performance area with that of low performance areas, which are as follows: 1. The mean number of living children was about the same both in high and low performance areas for family planning. But respondents' mean age (38.5) in high performance areas was higher than that (37.0) in low performance areas 2. Respondents' perception in the expectant educational level of others' children in high performance areas was higher than that in low performance areas, although respondents educational level, monthly expenditure and ratio of children in high school and above was not different. 3. Ratio of ownerships of TV and newspaper in high performance areas was highen than that in low performance areas 4. The duration of canvasser' charge in high performance areas was longer than that of low performance areas, showing the fact that canvassers didn't move cut in high performance areas 5. In high performance areas, canvassers' houses were relatively located in the center part of the village. And so villagers resided in near distances from the anvasser's house 6. 4H clubs' activities in high performance areas were more active than those in low performance areas Therefore it was assumed that cohesiveness of community in high performance areas were stronger than that in low areas. 7. Canvassers' family planning practice rate was higher than that in low performance areas, and also canvassers' human relationship was more sociable than that of canvassers in low performance areas. 8. Fourteen variables which showed relatively high significance level in $X^2$ and F test were selected as independent variables for stepwise regression analysis. According to the results of regression analysis. five of 14 variables-distributors education level ($R^2$=.4439), duration of distributor's charge ($R^2$=.6166), 4H club activities ($R^2$=.6697), canvasser's contraceptive practice ($R^2$=.7377) and

교정공무원의 전문교육을 위한 활성화 방안

홍성열 한국교정학회 2003 한국교정학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2003 No.6

集團特性에 비추어 본 組織暴力團의 理解

洪性烈 한국교정학회 2000 矯正硏究 Vol.- No.10

범죄인의 4가지 공통심리

홍성열 한국교정학회 2002 矯正硏究 Vol.- No.17

본 연구는 범죄자들의 공통심리를 파악해서 범죄예방의 방안은 모색함에 있다. 범죄자들은 범죄행동을 시작으로 구속되고, 교도소 생활을 거쳐서 출소를 하는 과정을 밟아 간다. 이 과정은 크게 4등분으로 나뉘어지며, 각 부분에서 범죄자들은 공동심리를 갖는다. 첫째, 범죄자들은 범죄를 저지르기 전에 완전범죄를 기대한다. 둘째, 범죄자들은 범행 직후 범죄자가 되었다는 사실에 두려움에 사로잡힌다. 셋째, 범죄자들은 교도소 생활을 하면서 자신의 범행을 합리화한다. 그리고 마지막으로 범죄자들은 출소에 앞서서 재범의 두려움에 사로잡힌다. 각각의 공통심리는 범죄자를 직접적으로 다루는 경찰관과 교도관에게 특별한 암시를 준다, 첫 번과 두 번째는 경찰관에게 그리고 셋째와 마지막은 교도관에게 관심을 모을 것을 제안한다. This study is aimed to seek the methods for preventing criminal behaviors through the 4 psychologically common states of criminals. The criminals go through the process from the time of starting criminal behavior to the life of prison. This course is divided into 4 parts- 1) the criminals expect the perfect criminal, 1) the criminals experience very high fear due to the fact that they will become criminals. 3) they rationalize the causes for their criminal behaviors. and 4) They associate their re-criminal behavors and fear the anticipated fact that they will be a re-criminals. The first and second conditions belong to policeman and the third and fourth to correctional officer.

부부 영화관 : 헌신발과 함께 본 사랑영화, 2046

홍성열 한국해사문제연구소 2004 해양한국 Vol.2004 No.11

비정질(Fe1-xNix)77Si10B13 합금의 Mossbauer 효과 연구

홍성열, 유성초, 이효원 忠北大學校 1986 論文集 Vol.32 No.-

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