이동형 시스템에서의 저전력 기법

河蘭 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 2004 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.15 No.-

Recently better performance and various functionalities of mobile devices are required by market, many application softwares supporting powerful functionality are being implemented for mobile systems. Therefore loading of high efficiency processor is generalized and power consumption is rapidly increasing. There are many researches such as DVS and DPM to solve power saving problem. Since usage of low power processor is generalized and power consumption of peripheral devices is rapidly rising, existing scheduling schemes cannot optimize energy consumption of whole system with current method for optimizing single system device. In this paper, reflecting the fact that energy consumption of a processor is bigger than that of peripheral devices, scheduler decides to choose right scheduling policy and processor speed is adapted according to the scheduling policy. The proposed policy improves the life time of the portable systems by controlling the execution sequence via power consumption of necessary device during task tasks execution

멀티미디어 데이터를 위한 스케줄링 방식

河蘭 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 1998 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.9 No.1

A real-time multimedia scheduling task has a deadline and the method of real-time scheduling has to guarantee that each task finishes before its deadline. The method of real-time scheduling should maintain the stablity to analyze the schedulability of a task system. In this paper, two methods in real-time scheduling(time driven and event driven method)are introduced. The methods of priority driven scheduling for periodic and aperiodic multimedia tasks are also presented.

Ionomycin과 6-Dimethylaminopurine이 토끼의 난자 활성화와 핵이식배 생산효율에 미치는 영향

하란조,강다원,최창용,윤희준,강태영,최상용,이효종,박충생 韓國受精卵移植學會 1998 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.13 No.1

This study was to determine the effect of ionomycin and 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP) and/or elcetrical stimulation on the oocyte activation and production of rabbit nuclear transplant embryos. The oocytes were collected from the oviduct of superovulated rabbits at 14 h post hCG injection and cultured in TCM-199 containing 10% FBS until 19 h post hCG injection. To determine the optimum concentration and exposure time of 6-DMAP, some oocytes were activated with 5 M ionomycin for 5 min and then in 2.0 mM 6-DMAP for 0.5 to 3.0 h, or in 1.0 to 3.0 mM 6-DMAP for 2.0 h. Other control oocytes were stimulated electrically(3X, 1.25 kV/cm, 60 sec) in 0.3 M mannitol solution supplemented with 100 M CaCl and MgCl. The nuclear donor embryos of 8-cell stage were synchronized to G phase of 16-cell stage, and the recipient cytoplasms were obtained from removal of the first polar body and a portion of membrane bound cytoplasm of the oocytes collected at 15 h post hCG injection. A separated blastomere was injected into the perivitelline space of the enucleated oocytes. The oocytes injected with nucleus were cultured until 19 h post hCG and then electrofused and activated by electrical stimulation with or without ionomycin and 6-DMAP. These nuclear transplant embryos were cultured in TCM-199 containing 10% FBS in 39ºC, 5% CO2 incubator for 120 h. For the oncytes activated parthenogenetically with electrical stimulation with or with-out ionomycin and the various concentration of exposure time of 6-DMAP, the highest cleavage(92.3%) and development to blastocyst stage(41.0%) were resulted from the oocytes activated by ionomycin and 2.0 mM 6-DMAP for 2.0 h, which were found to be significantly(P<0.05) higher than the cleavage(45.2%) and developement to blastocyst stage(14.3%) from the oocytes activated with electrical stimulation. The significantly(P<0.05) more oocytes(71.4%) developed to 4 cell stage at 24 h post activation by ionomycin and 6-DMAP than those by electrical stimulation(18.9%). For the nuclear transplant embryos, the cleavage rate was similarly high in oocyte activation by electrical stimulation with(79.4%) or without ionomycin and 6-DMAP(70.5%). However, the embryo development to blastocyst stage was significantly(P<0.05) higher in oocyte activation by electrical stimulation with ionomycin and 6-DMAP(44.4%) than by electrical stimulation only(25.0%). The significantly(P<0.05) more nuclear transplant embryos(45.6%) developed to 4 cell stage at 18 h post activation by electrical stimulation with ionomycin and 6-DMAP than those by electrical stimulation only(10.6%). These results indicated that the supplemental oocyte activation by ionomycin and 6-DMAP with electrical stimulation enhanced and accelerated the preimplanted in vitro development of the rabbit nuclear transplant embryos.

실시간 통신 시스템을 위한 효율적 지원

金鎭牛,河蘭 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 1997 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.8 No.-

As the elements of communication systems are rapidly developed and data compression technology that effectively compresses video/audio data of considerable storage capacity is appeared, Demand of Real-Time Application for providing Multimedia Real-Time service to the user became increased. Also, development of desirable resource management policy is required that can process Real-Time Appication such as video conference, VOD and Non-Real-Time Application such as electric mail, file transfer and guarante worst-case performance to handle output-buffer overflow. To build this network, resource management policy that can guarantees worst-case performance to be able to serve by switch and call admission control policy that can allow connetion to new real-time communication application after checking possibility of service are required. In this paper, We develop output-link scheduling policy that can guarantees worst-case performance for each application to be required, and then analysis worst-case performance.

토끼에서 전기적자극 또는 ionomycin과 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP)을 사용한 단위발생적 활성화와 체외발달의 비교

하란조,윤희준,강다원,최창용,공일근,박충생,최상용,이효종 한국수정란이식학회 1997 한국수정란이식학회 학술대회 Vol.1997 No.2

유리화 및 완만동결법에 의한 토끼 전핵배의 동결보존 후 배발달율

박충생,강다원,하란조,공일근,최상용,이효종 韓國受精卵移植學會 1997 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.12 No.2

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of vitrification and slow freezing methods on the post-thaw developmental rate of rabbit zygotes. After exposing rabbit zygotes in EFS solution for 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and S min at room temperature, they were washed with 0.5 M sucrose solution, D-PBS and TCM-199 and then cultured in TCM-199 plus 10% FBS with bovine oviduct epithelial cells(BOEC) to examine whether the cryoprotectant induced injury during the various exposure periods. The embryo development rates to hatched blastocyst after exposing in EFS solution for 3 and 5 min(40.0 and 16.7%) were significantly lower than in 0.5, 1 and 2 min(63.0, 72.0 and 54.5%), respectively. The post-thaw development rates to hatched blastocyst were significantly(P<0.05) higher in in vivo morula with intact mucin coat(85.2%) and mucin seperated morula(77.8%) than those of in vitro morula(58.5%) and zygote(5.9%), hut no difference was shown between in vitro morulae and mucin separated morula. The cryoprotectant dilution procedures showed no effects on the post-thaw development rates to hatched blastocyst under the present culture conditions. The post-thaw development to hatched blastocyst in the rabbit zygotes was not significantly different between the slow freezing(12.8%) and vitrification(5.9%). These results indicated that the rabbit frozen zygotes could he successfully developed in vitro to hatched blastocysts, though their developmental rate was very low, compared with morula stage embryos, in either vitrification or slow freezing procedure under the present conditions.

토끼의 정상 및 핵이식배의 유리화 및 완만동결에 따른 융해 후 발달율

강다원,최창용,하란조,강태영,심보웅,최상용,이효종,박충생 韓國受精卵移植學會 1998 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.13 No.1

In order to improve the cryopreservation by vitrification or slow freezing of nuclear transplant rabbit embryos, the effects of factors affecting embryo cryopreservation such as cryoprotectants, equilibration, cooling rate and post-thaw dilution on post-thaw survial and development were determined using intact embryos of morular stage. And the post-thaw development of nuclear transplanted embryos cryopreserved under the optimal conditions examined was compared between vitrification and slow freezing. The cryoprotectant solution used was ethyleneglycol-ficoll-sucrose (EFS) or ethyleneglycol-poly-vinylpyrrolidone-galactose- I (EPG- I ) for vitrification, and EPG- II for slow freezing. To examine the viability of frozen-thawed embryos, the nuclear transplanted embryos were co-cultured in TCM-199 plus 10% FBS with bovine oviduct epithelial cells(BOEC) for 24 hrs and the intact morulae were co-cultured with BOEC for 5 days and 3 days to hatching blastocyst stage in 39 ºC 5% incubator. The results obtained were as follows: Following vitrification with EFS, the post-thaw development of rabbit morulae to hatching blastocyst was significantly(P<0.05) higher in compacted stage(82.4%) than in early morular stage(60.0%). The post-thaw development of compacted morulae to hatching blastocyst was similarly high in vitrification with EFS(82.4%), EPG- I (85.0%) and in slow freezing with EPG- II (83.3%). Following vitrification with EPG- I, the post-thaw development of intact rabbit morulae to hatching blastocyst was similar as 78.0% and 85.0% in 1-step and 2-step post-thaw dilution, respectively. The post-thaw development of nuclear transplanted rabbit embryos of compacted morulae stage to hatching blastocyst was similarly 43.6% and 40.0% in vitrification with EPG- Iand slow freezing with EPG- II, respectively. These results indicated that the rabbit nuclear transplant and intact embryos of morulae stage could be well cryopreserved with either vitrification or slow freezing procedure.

토끼에서 공핵란의 세포주기 조절과 수핵란의 세포질 상태에 따른 핵이식 수정란의 체외 발달과 복제동물의 생산

박충생,전병균,하란조,윤희준,곽대오,이효종,최상용 韓國受精卵移植學會 1997 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.12 No.3

To improve the efficiency of production of cloned embryos and animals by nuclear transplantation in the rabbit, the effect of cell cycle of donor nuclei and type of recipient cytoplasm on the in vitro developmental potential and production efficiency of offspring was determined. The embryos of 16-cell stage were collected from the mated does at 48h post-hCG injection and they were synchronized to G phase of 32-cell stage. The oocytes collected at 14h post-hCG injection were freed from cumulus cells and then enucleated. One group of the enucleated cytoplasms was activated by electrical stimulation prior to injection of donor nucleus, and the other group was not pre-activated. The separated Gphase blastomeres of 32-cell stage embryos were injected into the perivitelline space of recipient cytoplasms. After culture for 20h post-hCG injection, the nuclear transplant oocytes were electrofused and activated by electrical stimulation and the fused nuclear transplant embryos were co-cultured for 120h and the nuclear transplant embryos developed to blastocyst stage were stained with Hoechst 33342 dye and their blastomeres were counted. Some of the nuclear transplant embryos developed in vitro to 2- to 4-cell stage were transferred into the oviducts of synchronized recipient does. The electrofusion rate was similar between the types of donor nuclei and recipient cytoplasms used. However, the nuclear transplant embryos using G phase donor nuclei were developed to blastocyst at higher rate(60.3%) than those using S phase ones(24.7%). Also, when non-preactivated oocytes were used as recipient cytplasms, the develop-mental rates of nuclear transplant embryos to blastocysts were significantly(P< 0.05) higher(57.1%) than those using preactivated ones(20.8%). The cell counts of nuclear transplant embryos developed to blastosyst stage were increased signficantly(P<0.05) more in the non-preactivated recipient cytoplasm(163.7 cells), as compared whit the preactivated recipient cytoplasm(85.4 cells), A total of 49 nuclear transplant embryos were tranferrid into 5 recipient does, of which two offsprings were produced from a foster mother 31 days after embryo transfer. these results showed that the blastomeres of G1 phase and non-preactivated oocytes might be utillzed efficiently as donor nuclei and recipient cytoplasms in the nuclear transplant procedure, thought the offspring production remained still low.

소의 난포액과 호르몬이 난포란의 체외수정 및 체외발달에 미치는 영향

최양석,송상현,최창용,하란조,강다원,최상용,윤창현,박충생 韓國受精卵移植學會 1997 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.12 No.2

This study was carried out to determine the effect of bovine follicular fluid(bFF), hormones, and fetal bovine serum(FBS) supplemented in the medium on the in vitro fertilization and development of bovine embryos. The ovaries were obtained from a local abattoir and placed in physiological saline kept at 30~32ºC and brought to the laboratory within 3~4 hours. The oocytes and follicular fluid were collected by aspiration from visible follicles, and the oocytes of grades I on the basis of the morphology of cumulus cells attached and the homogeneity of cytoplasmic granules were selected and used for maturation. The basal media used for oocyte maturation, fertilization and embryo development in vitro were Ham' F-10, TALP and TCM-199, respectively. The hormones supplemented in maturation medium were consisted of 35 pg /ml FSH, 10 pg /ml LH and 1 pg/mi estradiol-l7. The bFF collected from 5~9 mm follicles was centrifuged, filtered and inactivated by heat-treatment at 56ºC for 30 min. FBS also was inactivated with the same method and kept at -20ºC until use. The embryos were co-cultured with the monolayer of bovine oviductal epithelial cells at 39ºC under 5% in air for 9 days. The results obtained were summarized as follows: The fertilization rate of oocytes was found 87.4% from 10% FBS and hormones treatment for IVM, and 37.1% of these TVF embryos were developed to blastocyst stage in 10% FBS groups. Compared with this control system, the fertilization rate was decreased significantly(P<0.05) in the maturation without either FBS or hormones. These IVF embryos were developed to morula stage at the similar rate, but to blastocyst at significantly(P<0.05) lower rate in the embryo culture with or without FBS supplementation. The fertilization rate(82.9%) in hormones and 10% inactivated bFF was similar with 10% FBS and hormone groups(87.4%), but decreased significantly(P<0.05) in 20 or 30% bFF (61.0 or 66.0%), respectively. In vitro developmental competence to blastocyst stage in 10% FBS and 20% inactivated bFF(37.1% and 31.4%) was higher than in 10 or 30% inactivated bFF(20.0 or 19.2%) or 10, 20 and 30% fresh bFF(19.1, 21.0 and 17.5%) The results indicated that the in vitro fertillzation and development rate of the embryos should be improved in 10% FBS or 20% inactivated culture system and 20% inactivated bFF might be available economically for bovine oocyte maturation and embryo culture instead of fetal bovine serum.

유리화와 완만동결법에 의한 토끼 정상 및 핵이식배의 동결보존후 배발달율

강다원,강태영,최창용,하란조,심보웅,공일근,박충생,최상용,이효종 한국수정란이식학회 1997 한국수정란이식학회 학술대회 Vol.1997 No.2