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韩汉翻译中同形词误译类型之研究 : 以申京淑的《单人房》为中心
李贞娇 동의대학교 인문과학연구소 2011 인간과 문화 연구 Vol.19 No.-
“韩汉同形词”指的是韩国的汉字词和中国的汉语词书写形式相同的词语。据李珠和(2004)的统计、韩汉同形词的总数18,436个。这其中、词义完全相同的、也即同形 同义词、译者在翻译小说 中照搬照抄基本不会出差错、因此不用考虑这一类。去除这一类、剩下的就是部分异同的和完全不同的、也即同形异义词。这一类占同形词总数的64.36%、大约11,865个。这些汉字词对学习者既有正面的影响、也会产生负面的影响、无论是中国人学习韩语还是韩国人学习汉语都会有不同程度的干扰、这是因为两国学习者常常会以本国词汇意义为基础来理解对方的汉字词、因此很容易出现错误。 《单人房》中所出现的同形词误译大致可分为两类。一类是韩汉都有这些词语(包括词组)、但是意义有差异。这一类误译根据词义所指范围、又细分为四种:词义所指范围较大、词义所指范围较小、词义有交叉、词义完全不同。另一类是韩语有这些词语、汉语却没有。这一类误译又可分为三种:文化负载词、用词不恰当、词汇空缺。这种分类法在它们之间存在着一些交叉。因此、我们利用以下的方法对其进行分类。例如:如果某一个词虽然汉语没有、但是包含着文化因素、那就优先考虑归入“文化负载词”。如果某一个词虽然汉语里不存在、显得有些不自然、别扭、可还能猜测出原意、就归入“用词不恰当”这一类。另外、某一个词既不属于“文化负载词”、又不属于“用词不恰当”、这时、把它归纳为 “词汇空缺”这一类。 通过同形词误译类型的分析结果, 我们可以看出,《单人房》译者的同形词误译主要体现在“韩语有、但汉语没有”(41条、大约占63%)这一部分上。“文化负载词”的翻译是否妥当、这直接关系到译者对韩国文化的了解。能否减少“用词不恰当”和“词汇空缺”现象、主要取决于译者的中文修辞能力。 “Sino-Korean word having the same form in it for both in Korea and China” means a word made with the same Chinese characters in it and used in the same way in application type in Korea and China. According to the data released by Lee Ju-Hwa (2004), there are 18,436 Sino-Korean words having the same forms. The words include “words having the same form and meaning”, which can be used in the same way in both Korean and Chinese and “words having the same form but different meanings”. The “Sino-Korean word having the same form but different meaning” includes the word having the partially same meaning or the partially or totally different words. The number of these words is 11,865, taking up 64.36% of all Sino-Korean words having the same Chinese characters. These Sino-Korean words may positively or negatively affect the learners. Accordingly, either Chinese who tries to learn Korean or Korean who tries to learn Chinese comes across the language barrier to a certain extent due to the existence of these words. Either Chinese or Korean leaners often make mistakes as they are accustomed to understand the words based on their own first language background. There are two kinds of mistranslation in the translation of novel (Secluded Room). One mistranslation applies to the words which exist in both countries but have different meaning from each other. These words can be grouped into four categories depending on the range of meaning of the words; “words having wide range of meaning”, “words having relatively narrow range of meaning”, “words having mixed meaning” and “words which are totally different in meaning”. The other mistranslation applies to the word which exists in Korea but does not exist in China. These words can be grouped into three categories such as “culture related vocabularies”, “improper use of vocabularies” and “non-existence of applicable vocabularies”. If the vocabularies are to be classified as above, some of them may be applied to more than one category. Accordingly, to solve this problem, I adopt the following principle. For example, if a word is not used in Chinese but has the cultural element ,it is first assigned to "culture related vocabularies”, If a word is unnatural and improper but its meaning maybe derived from its original word(starting word), it is classified into “improper use of vocabularies”. In addition, if aword does not belong to either “culture related vocabularies” and “improper use of vocabularies”, it is grouped into “non-existence of applicable vocabularies”. The analysis of types of mistranslation of Sino-Korean words having the same form in the translation of the novel “Secluded Room” shows that the mistranslation is concentrated on the “Sino-Korean words which exist in Korea but not in China” (41 words, 63%). The proper translation of “culture related vocabularies” may be related to the translator’s proper understanding and direct relation to Korean culture while the reduction of “improper use of vocabularies” and “non-existence of applicable vocabularies” may depend on the translator’s writing skill in a native language.
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