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박정윤,Won Sun Lee,Ji-Hoon Kim,안철민,김은미,강정하,Hyunseok Cho,황승용 한국바이오칩학회 2014 BioChip Journal Vol.8 No.4
In Korea, eels are one of the most commer-cially valuable species and are prepared as a variety ofdishes. Korean A. japonica is especially preferred bymost consumers. However, the farming technology forthis particular eel species has not been established yet,and the natural supply is insufficient because of envi-ronmental problems. As a result, the price of KoreanA. japonica is expensive compared to other eel speciesbecause of the superior freshness and safety of thedomestic product. Consequently, some importers andrestaurant owners have profited significantly from sell-ing imported eels to consumers as Korean A. japonicaproducts. Hence, simpler, rapid and accurate techniquesfor eel species differentiation are needed. In this study,origin and species specific probes were designed bymitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI)gene analysis and DNA microarray was developed foridentifying different origins and species of eels. Usingthis technique, a total of 8 different eels were rapidlyidentified successfully.
朴貞潤 嶺南大學校社會科學硏究所 1982 社會科學硏究 Vol.2 No.1
Marketing has had a short history of some 80 years since its beginning in 1900. One of the marketing controversies, which developed continuously in its research process, is "Broadening the Concetp of Marketing". The traditional conception of marketing holds that marketing is essentially a business activity directed toward meeting the needs of customers for goods and services, and that to expand its meaning beyond business is to dilute marketing's true purpose and effectiveness. In contrast, advocating broadening the concept of marketing, Kotler and Levy(1969) instead noted that "the choice facing those who manage nonbusiness organizations is not whether to market or not market, for no organization can aviod marketing. The choice is whether to do it well or poorly, and on this necessity the case for organizational marketing is basically founded." They further proposed that every organization produces a "product" including at least physical products, services, persons, organizations, and/or ideas. Equally, every organization has "consumer groups" broadly defind to include clients, trustees or directors, active publics, and general public. Despite earlier controversy, few marketers dispute the relevance of marketing to the management of nonprofit organizations. From a managerial standpoint, marketing concepts and tools can be applied to nonbusiness organizations as well as business organizations. Many articles followed in the 1970s, reporting applications of marketing techonology to such areas as college recruiting, fund raising, membership development, population problems, and religion. In 1975, a comprehensive textbook on marketing for nonprofit organizations became available and Nickels (1978) published a general marketing textbook giving equal attention to business and nonbusiness marketing. It appears that the age of marketing for nonprofit organizations has come. According to profit/nonprofit basis, all the organizations in a society can be divided into the two types of organizations; profit (business) organizations and nonprofit (nonbusiness) organizations. Different organizations as well as different goals and products may distinguish business, nonbusiness, and social marketing from each other. While business marketing normally involves a business organization in pursuit of economic profit by a business organization through the marketing of traditional goods and sevices, nonbusiness marketing is the application of marketing tools and concepts to nonbusiness problems and opportunities. Social marketing refers to the interrelationships between marketing and the societal system, including the impacts of business marketing on society as well as the application of marketing tools and concepts to social problems and opportunites. Both business and nonbusiness marketing are subconcepts of general marketing and the scope of social marketing is partially overlapping that of business and nonbusiness marketing. Even though the concepts and techniques in both business and nonbusiness marketing are basically the same, nonbusiness marketing has several uniqueness. Consequently, creativity and imagination are required to perceive how to apply the business marketing concepts to nonbusiness organizations. Nonbusiness marketing has following unique aspects compared with business marketing: ㆍThe objective of nonbusiness marketing is not just stimulating demand, but may be reducing or destroying it. ㆍNonbusiness organizations are often more dependent on several publics where as business is usually considered respobsible to first stockholders. ㆍThe nature of nonbusiness activity is more socially sensitive and coutroversal and, therefore, more subject to environmental constraints. ㆍThe sensitive nature of many nonbusiness "products" may make information planning and assembling more difficult than for business. ㆍProducts are more often intangible such as marketing of "ideas". ㆍNonbusiness marketing is much more than just nonbusiness advertising. ㆍThe "price" of nonbusiness products is often nonmonetary. ㆍperformance measures for control purposes may be more difficult to develop due to the absence of tangible sales data. Many nonbusiness organizations such as colleges, hospitals, and other institutions have been applying marketing concepts and tools to improve their organization goals. One of the successful cases is the family planning program of Lusiana state. According to Al-Ansary and Kramer, the success of the program is partly the result of: (1) the adoption of a consumer-oriented philosophy in service delivery (2) the recognition of marking as a process with many participants (3) the recognition of marketing as integrated effort involving the design of marketing mix (4) the use of a generic "human services" definition rather than a myopic "family planning" definition of the program's services, etc. The interesting thing about marketing is that all organization do it whether they know it or not. According to Kotler, the chief executives of nonbusiness organization can consider six approches to improve their marketing effectiveness: (1) marketing committee, (2) task forces, (3) marketing specialist firms, (4) marketing consultant, (5) marketing director, and (6) marketing vice president. The approches represent alternative ones to the introduction of marketing into nonprofit organizations rather than a rigid sequence of steps. Nonbusiness organizations would benefit from a more conscious awareness and practice of the marketing concept. It may lead them to place clients ahead of products and integrate their efforts to develop relevant want-satisfaction. Thus, the nonbusiness organizations in Korea should enhance their effectiveness through introduction of marketing concepts and techonology into them.
기혼남녀의 부부관계에 대한 비합리적 신념이 부부간 역기능적 의사소통에 미치는 영향의 성차연구: 배우자 조망수용과 일상적 부부호응도 매개효과를 중심으로
박정윤,이태헌,강리라,윤소진 한국가족치료학회 2019 가족과 가족치료 Vol.27 No.3
Objectives: This study examined the dysfunctional communication and irrational beliefs of spouses through the difference of influence of each sub-items. In addition, spouse acceptance and daily marital response were set as mediators of irrational beliefs to see how they affect dysfunctional communication and whether there are gender differences in each variable. Methods: A survey was conducted on 285 men and women, and the trends were analyzed through descriptive statistical analysis and the relationships with variables were analyzed using structural equation models. Results: The results of the study were as follows: First, women had higher rational beliefs than men except for sexual perfectionism. Second, spouse's outlook and daily couple's response were found to influence dysfunctional communication by mediating irrational beliefs. Third, there was gender difference. Conclusions: Even if irrational beliefs exist, if the spouse's acceptance and the usual couple's response are high, dysfunctional communication can be reduced, and the influence factors of the interaction between men and women are different, so that different approaches are needed by gender. 본 연구는 부부 상담 및 치료 시에 필요한 접근방법을 제시하기 위해, 역기능적 의사소통과 배우자에 대한 비합리적 신념을 각 하위항목의 영향력의 차이를 통하여 살펴보았다. 또한 배우자 조망수용과 일상적 부부호응도를 비합리적 신념의 매개변인으로 설정하여 역기능적 의사소통에 어떻게 영향을 주는지, 각 변인들에 성차가 있는지를 보고자하였다. 기혼 남녀 285명에게 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 기술통계분석을 통해 경향성을 파악하고 변인들과의 관계를 구조방적식 모델을 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과는 첫째, 여성이 성적 완벽주의를 제외한 비합리적 신념이 남성보다 더 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 배우자 조망수용과 일상적 부부 호응도는 비합리적 신념을 매개하여, 역기능적 의사소통에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 성별차이가 존재하였다. 여성에게서는 배우자 조망수용은 비합리적 신념을 매개한 효과가 나타나지 않았지만, 반대로 남성은 배우자 조망수용과 일상적 부부호응도 모두 비합리적 신념을 매개한 효과나 나타났다. 비합리적 신념이 존재하더라도, 배우자 조망수용과 일상적 부부 호응도가 높다면, 역기능적 의사소통을 적게 할 수 있으며, 남성과 여성의 상호작용 영향변인이 다름으로, 성별에 따라 다른 접근이 필요함을 알 수 있다.