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박상원,김학윤,공보석,전제영,이홍건 대한골절학회 1989 대한골절학회지 Vol.2 No.1
The tibial condylar fractrue involving articular surface of the proximal tibia is common in traffic accidents, In the tibial'condylar fracture, the injuries of soft tissue such as ligaments and menisci are frequently accompanied and the weight bearing surface are involved, too. So significant disability of the knee joint often results from the tibial condylar fracture. The fifty cases of the tibial condylar fracture treated at the orthopaedic department of Korea Univerity Hospital from January, 1982 to December, 1986 have been followed for 1 to 3 year The results obtained were aa follows: l. Among the fifty patients, the ratio of sex was 2.1:1 as male predominant, and the prevalent age distributions were in the 3rd and 6th decade. 2. The most common cause of injury was traffic accident in 32 cases(64%). Second in frequency were falls in 7 cases(14%). 3. The laterality of injury was left in 29 cases(58%), right in 21 cases(42%) The locations of injury were lateralcondyle in 34 cases(64%),medial condyle in eight cases(16%) and bicondyles in eight cases(16%). 4. According to the Hohls dassification, the most common was type g in nineteen cases(38%). 5. The most common associated injuries were ipsilateral fibular fracture in 15 cases(30%) and ligament injury in 15 cases(30%) especially frequent in type g and m Among the ligament injuries, the medial collateral ligament tearing was eight cases(53%) as predominant 6. Fifteen cases(30%) were treated by cast immobilization, two cases(4%) by skeletal traction. Thirty-three cases(66%) were treated by operative method. 7. Thirty-seven cases(74%) revealed the rating of acceptable$quot; group according to Roberts criteria.
박상원,변영수,우경조 대한골절학회 1991 대한골절학회지 Vol.4 No.1
Comminuted displaced fractures of the patellar which are difficult to reduce accurately and to get stable internal fixation, may lead to traumatic osteoarthritis, chondromalacia, extension lag and limited ROM of the knee joint. The authors studied thirty eight parients with patellar fractures, who were treated by operative methods and a follow up of more than six months between Jan. 1984 and Dec. 1988. Three were thirty-three male and five female. The ages ranged from 18 to 78 years, the average being 41.6 year. Twenty patients were caused by traffic accidents, eleven slip down, four fall down, and three direct trauma. The pattern of fracture was comminuted fracture in twenty-one cases, transverse fracture in thirteen cases and vertical fracture in four patients. Ten patients had associated fractures or other organ injuries. Twenty five patients were treated by open reduction and internal fixation, (10 circumferential wiring, 7 circumferential wiring and K-wire fixation, 6 tension hand wiring and 2 screw fixation). Thirteen patients were treated by patellectomy (11 partial and 2 total patellectomy). Of thirty-three cases except 5 cases, the average time to union following to pattern of fracture were 8 weeks in transverse fracture, 7.5 weeks in vertical fracture and 12.7 weeks in comminuted fracture. There were nine complications; 3 refracture, 3 wire breakage, 2 extension lag and 1 malunion.
Units, nilpotent elements, and unit-IFP rings
박상원,윤상조 대한수학회 2018 대한수학회보 Vol.55 No.5
We observe the structure of a kind of unit-IFP ring that is constructed by Antoine, in relation with units and nilpotent elements. This article concerns the same argument in a more general situation, and study the structure of one-sided zero divisors in such rings. We also provide another kind of unit-IFP ring.
선비정신과 활쏘기 - 궁도9계훈과 집궁제원칙을 중심으로
박상원 한국스포츠인류학회 2017 한국스포츠인류학회 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.12
이 논문은 활쏘기의 중심철학을 선비정신을 통해 고찰해 보고자 한다. 선비가 갖춰야 할 덕 목을 육예(六藝)라 하고 이것을 지덕체의 입장으로 나눠보면, 지혜는 글쓰기와 수학이고, 덕 행은 예절과 음악이며, 체육은 활쏘기와 승마다. 선비는 활쏘기를 통해 심신을 수련하고 호 연지기를 키워나갔다. 현재 이 전통은 전국 380여개 활터에서 궁도9계훈(弓道九戒訓)과 집궁 제원칙(執弓諸原則)을 통해 이어지고 있다. 한국전통 활쏘기를 시작할 때 활을 배우는 마음 가짐과 활쏘기의 기본자세는 궁도9계훈과 집궁제원칙을 중심으로 이뤄진다. 궁도9계훈이 궁 사의 정신적 자세를 설명하고 있다면, 집궁제원칙은 궁사의 궁체와 연결된다. 궁도9계훈이 본체라면, 집궁제원칙은 그 적용이라 볼 수 있다. 그래서 한국의 활쏘기는 궁도9계훈과 집궁 제원칙을 중심으로 사법이 정립되고 활의 정신이 전승돼야 균형을 맞춰 발전할 수 있을 것 이다. 그러나 교육현장에서 궁도9계훈의 의미와 집궁제원칙의 동작이 정확히 규정되지 않아 해석이 다른 경우가 많다. 또한 국궁의 오랜 역사에도 불구하고 인문학적 연구가 다양한 시 각에서 이뤄지지 못하고 있다. 이에 이 논문은 동양철학과 선비정신에서 궁도9계훈의 뿌리 를 고찰해 보고자 한다. 그리고 집궁제원칙의 철학적 원리를 궁체에 적용해 봄으로써 더 안 정된 자세와 건강한 활쏘기에 한걸음 더 다가가고자 한다. 궁체의 근간이 되는 집궁제원칙 은 현장에서 활을 가르치는 선생들의 인터뷰를 바탕으로 접근했고, 궁도9계훈은 그간의 연 구내용들을 묶어 보았다. 결론하여 본다면 활쏘기는 선비정신의 구현이다. 한국인의 정체성 은 선비정신과 맞물려 있고, 그 정신의 혈맥은 면면히 활쏘기를 통해 계승됐다. 오늘날 국궁 은 건강을 지켜주는 스포츠로써 기능과 한국인의 정체성을 간직한 전통문화의 기능을 함께 공유하고 있다. 경계선에 있는 활쏘기는 전통과 현대의 갈등도 내제하고 있지만 서로가 화 합하여 민족혼을 되살리는 발전의 힘도 내포하고 있다. 전통과 현대가 만나는 접점에서 갈 등을 조율하고, 문화를 창달할 큰 방향이 모색돼야 한다. 국궁이 전통을 계승하고 있는 측면 에서는 그 정신적 가치를 잘 보존하는 일이 필요하고, 스포츠의 측면에서는 건강, 재미, 대 중화가 필요한 대목이다. 선비정신과 활쏘기가 이런 두 접점에 있어 교량이 됐으면 한다.
70세 이상 고령 환자의 대퇴골 전자간 골절의 수술적 치료 : 생존자군과 비생존자군간의 비교
박상원,변영수,정재효,서동훈 대한골절학회 1998 대한골절학회지 Vol.11 No.4
The intertrochanteric fractures of the femur are common in elderly. Recently better implants and surgical techniques have improved the clinical results. But intertrochanteric fractures are still a major source of morbidity and mortality in elderly because of poor general condition and high incidence of osteoporosis. The primary goal of the treatment have been union of the fracture, but it is important to reduce the mortality rate and to return the patients to a prefracture ambulatory status. The authors analyzed the 63 intertrochanteric fractures of the femur in the elderly patients over 70 years old who had heen treated at Korea University Hospital from January 1990 to December 1995 in order to determine the mortality rate and the prognostic factors associated with mortality. Also we analyzed the 44 patients in survivor group about their prefracture ambulatory ability and post-operative ambulatory ability. The results were as fo11ows; 1. There were 44 cases(69.8 %) in survivor group and 19 cases(30.2 %) in non survivor group. The mortlity rate was 20.6% at 1 year after operation. 2. Mortality was associated with the number of medical problems and interval between injury and operation. 3. The recovery of ambulatory ability was associated with the age at injury, associated medical problems, and preinjury ambulatory ability.