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문승용 한국외국어대학교 외국문학연구소 2002 외국문학연구 Vol.- No.12
Lee Gyubo(李奎報, 1168~1241) was a famous poet in Korea(918~1392). He was also called ‘White cloud Buddhist devotee(白雲居士)’. He has been praised as writing the earliest criticism of poetry(白雲小說) and great collection of works(東國李相國集). His eassy on poetry is considered to have been influenced by Chinese works, Wei Dynasty(魏代) Cao Pi's(曹丕) Lun Wen(論文) in his Dian Lun(典論), Jin Dynasty(晉代) Lu Ji`s(陸機) Wen Fu(文賦), Liang Dynasty(梁代) Liu Xie's(劉勰) Wen Xin Diao Long(文心雕龍), Chong Rong's(鍾嶸) Shi Pin(詩品) and so on. Wen Xuan(文選) was the most influential of all medieval anthologies of verse and prose. It was also compiled to provide an anthology of tradional prose and verse in accient Korea. ‘The Eassay of Literature’, Cao Pi's Lun Wen and Lu Ji's Wen Fu was preserved in Wen Xuan. From Silla Dynasty(新羅) Wen Xuan had been a text on Goverment Examination(科擧). Applicants for Goverment Examination had a desire to study Wen Xuan. In Lun Wen Cao Pi put forward his theory of Qi(氣, vital force) in literary works. The quality of the work is a reflection of the ‘vital force’ of its writer. This concept(文氣說) had remained important in Lee Gyubo's poetry criticism. After this Lu Ji's Wen Fu was more important to Lee Gyubo. Wen Fu explained the preparing, planning, and writting process at work. The writer should be well-educated, for Lu Ji this means familiarity with book knowledge, together with an awareness of nature(詩緣情說). When a writer is about to write, he should try and respond to nature, because poetry is essentially a product of the meeting of individual sensitivity with the subtleties of nature. This is essentially a psychological account of the writting process. Lee Gyubo also considered the most imporant skills that could be used in writting. He was strongly influenced by Lun Wen and Wen Fu's literary theory.
문승용(Moon, Seung-yong) 한국외국어대학교 외국문학연구소 2006 외국문학연구 Vol.- No.22
Jianan(建安) was the reign title of Emperor Xiandi(獻帝) of the Han(漢) Dynasty. JiananQizi(建安七子) was the Seven Masters of the Jianan Era who enjoyed the CaoCao(曹操) family's patronage, KongRong(孔融)·WangCan(王粲)·ChenLin(陳琳)·LiuZhen(劉楨)·XuGan(徐幹)·RuanYu(阮瑀)·YingChang(應瑒). JiananQizi's poems had something in common, ushered in a new era of literary circles. The style of Jianan Era's literature is called JiananFenggu(建安風骨). But JiananFenggu's style made a distinction between the before and after appointment in CaoCao government. For example, before the appointment, WangCan was more keenly sensitive than the most of the evils of his day, his Five Pieces in the CongJunShi(從軍詩, the poem of joining the army) and The Three in the QiAiShi(七哀詩, the poem of seven sorrow) described the grim scenes and wretched life of Jianan Era. ChenLin(陳琳)'s YinMaChangChengKuXing(飮馬長城窟行, the song of watering a horse at the Great wall`s cave) was composed by the form of dialogues between three personae, a living description of the officer, a private soldier and the soldier's wife, in the building of the Great Wall(長城), and it reflected the features of the age and the times of war. RuanYu(阮瑀)'s JiaChuBeiGuoMen(駕出北郭門, driving a chariot out the gate of the northern suburbs), a poem about mistreatments of the stepmother, drawed its inspiration from the popular ballads of that period. Also, its realism plainly attests the influence of the popular ballads(民歌) on literary circles at the end of the Han(漢) period. But after the appointment, except KongRong(孔融), they were obsequious to the CaoCao's powerful government. Therefore, the trend of the poems were praising and giving thanks to CaoCao's family. This paper aims to find out the variations of JiananQizi's poems, before and after the appointment in CaoCao's government.
고대 중국에 있어서 修辭意識의 형성과 발전 그리고 자연물의 상관관계 고찰
문승용 한국중국언어문화연구회 2014 한중언어문화연구 Vol.- No.35
The Chinese rhetoric started in The Shang Dynasty. The Shang Dynasty started to write their thoughts. The Chinese invented the writing system known as the inscriptions on bones and tortoise carapaces. The priests using the inscriptions divined what would happen the future. The inscriptions were not the vehicle of human thought, were the supreme authority of the Lord on High. It came from respect of all things in nature, and was imitated the nature and the principle of nature. The Western Zhou Dynasty tried to deny The Shang Dynasty’s theocratic rule. It means the start of humanities times in ancient China. Through making a lecture and writing on their thought, ‘all philosophers and scholars’ were to awaken the true meaning of all things in the universe. It was the beginning of rhetoric in the ancient China. The rhetorical origin took rise in 『Zhouyi』said “use a flowery style, must be in the right frame of mind.(修辭立其誠)”. They generally used water as a rhetorical device, and the source of all things in the universe. For example, Confucius said “Some people like mountains while others like water.(樂山樂水)”, Lao-tzu said “Water`s virtue is the highest goodness.(上善若水)”. They utilized the chief element of water. The Period of Wei, Jin and Northern & Southern Dynasties was a kind of the Renaissance period in Chinese art and literature. Especially Luji’s 『Wenfu』, Liuxie`s 『The literary mind and the craving of dragons』and Zhongrong`s 『Shipin』made many meaningful arguments about shaping and developing of rhetorical device, and the correlation of natural object during the ancient China. The nature and the principle of nature played an important role on the shaping and developing of the Chinese rhetoric.
文承勇 한국외국어대학교 중국연구소 2003 中國硏究 Vol.31 No.-
A Study of Xi Lngyn Landscape Poetry's OriginsXie Lingyun(謝靈運, 385~443) was known as Duke of Kangle(康樂), mighty poet of Yuanjia period(元嘉之雄), the father of landscape poetry(山水詩之開祖). But he was not the first Chinese poet to make landscape a major vehicle to express his feelings. He carried on Xuanyan Shi(玄言詩), Laozi(老子) and Zhuangzi(莊子)'s idea of Dongjin's peorid(東晋代), summarized his landscape poetries in order to forget his political misfortune.His characteristic of landscape poetry was striving for facile extravagance (逸蕩), diffuseness(繁蕪), antithesis(對仗) and rhyme(押韻) of Fu(賦)'s attributes. Therefore his landscape poetry acted on establishing of Tang(唐)'s modren style poetry(近體詩).On the contrary, his landscape poetry also had simple and natural factors(風流自然). therefore his name was able to enter inter Zhong Rong(鍾嶸) Shipin(詩品)'s first class(上品). In its aspect he made a greater contribution to history of Chinese poetry.