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Demographic and Survivorship Disparities in Non–muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer in the United States
서문석,James R. Langabeer II 대한예방의학회 2018 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.51 No.5
Objectives: To examine survivorship disparities in demographic factors and risk status for non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), which accounts for more than 75% of all urinary bladder cancers, but is highly curable with early identification and treatment. Methods: We used the US National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registries over a 19-year period (1988-2006) to examine survivorship disparities in age, sex, race/ethnicity, and marital status of patients and risk status classified by histologic grade, stage, size of tumor, and number of multiple primary tumors among NMIBC patients (n=29 326). We applied Kaplan- Meier (K-M) and Cox proportional hazard methods for survival analysis. Results: Among all urinary bladder cancer patients, the majority of NMIBCs were in male (74.1%), non-Latino white (86.7%), married (67.8%), and low-risk (37.6%) to intermediate-risk (44.8%) patients. The mean age was 68 years. Survivorship (in median life years) was highest for non-Latino white (5.4 years), married (5.4 years), and low-risk (5.7 years) patients (K-M analysis, p<0.001). We found significantly lower survivorship for elderly, male (female hazard ratio [HR], 0.96), Latino (HR, 1.20), and unmarried (married HR, 0.93) patients. Conclusions: Survivorship disparities were ubiquitous across age, sex, race/ethnicity, and marital status groups. Non-white, unmarried, and elderly patients had significantly shorter survivorship. The implications of these findings include the need for a heightened focus on health policy and more organized efforts to improve access to care in order to increase the chances of survival for all patients.
제2차 세계대전 종전 직후 歸屬企業의 관리와 운영에 관한 비교연구 ―南韓과 上海 所在 歸屬紡織工場을 중심으로―
서문석 단국대학교 동양학연구원 2017 東洋學 Vol.67 No.-
This study investigates management and operation for the vested firms in Korea and China after the Second World War. It is significant that postwar management for these vested firms is considered the original form of utilization for the vested firms after the establishment of their government. When comparing the management for formerly Japanese-owned textile factory located in South Korea and China(Nanjing Nationalist Government, NNG), this study finds followings. It is commonly find that the United States Army Military Government in Korea(USAMGIK) and NNG organized direct management system to operate the vested firms, but there were rarely differences in the operation performance between government and private management. However, there were several differences in managing the vested firms. The USAMGIK delegated to private, but the NNG directly managed. The USAMGIK aimed to successfully administrate state affairs, but the NNG intended to win the civil war. After establishing government, Korea privatized these vested firms by disposal, but China met its national requirements by means of state-own enterprises after the establishment of the People’s Republic of China. The direct cause of the difference in the management and operation for the vested firms was that South Korean government adopted capitalistic economy, but China chosen a socialist economic system. However, the operation system for individual firms had been based on the external management environment, which influenced the internal management system in the firm. The vested firms in South Korea and Shanghai had encountered the common external management environment such as USAMGIK and NNG respectively. These experiences provided the vested firms with opportunity to effectively adapt for the process of privatization and nationalization. 이 연구는 제2차 세계대전 종전 직후 남한과 상해(주변 포함)에 남겨진 귀속기업의 관리와 운영에 대하여살펴본 것이다. 종전 직후 귀속기업에 대한 관리와 운영 상황은 향후 귀속기업 활용의 초기 조건이 된다는 측면에서 중요한 의의를 가지고 있다. 남한과 상해에 있던 귀속방직공장들의 관리와 운영에 대해 비교한 이 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 먼저 공통점은 두 지역에 있던 귀속방직공장은 미군정이나 국민정부에 의해 직접적인 관리체계가 구축되었으며, 운영주체에 따른 실적의 차이는 거의 없었다는 것이다. 반면에 차이점은 남한의 귀속방직공장은 민간위탁으로, 상해의 귀속방직공장은 국민정부에 의해 직접 운영되는 방식이었고, 남한에서는 군정의 원활한 운영이, 상해에서는 국민정부의 내전 승리가 관리와 운영의 목적이었다. 남한에서 귀속방직공장들은 정부 수립 이후에 민간에 불하되어 민영화되었고, 상해지역에서는 중화인민공화국 성립 이후에 국유기업을 통해 국가의 필요를 충족해 나갔다. 이런 차이의 가장 직접적인 원인은 남한에서는 자본주의경제체제를, 상해지역에서는 사회주의경제체제를 선택한 정부가 수립되었기 때문이었다. 그러나 개별 공장의 운영시스템에는 외부의 경영환경을 활용했던 시스템이 존재하고 이 시스템이 기업의내부적 경영시스템을 구성한다. 따라서 남한과 상해지역에서 미군정과 남경국민정부라는 외적 환경을 경험했던 귀속방직공장들은 이어지는 민영화와 국유화 과정에 보다 원활하게 적응할 수 있는 초기조건을 가지게 되었다.
서문석,허건수,홍대건,이춘호,최필환,Seo, Mun-Seok,Heo, Geon-Su,Hong, Dae-Geon,Lee, Chun-Ho,Choe, Pil-Hwan 대한기계학회 2001 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.25 No.10
The mobility of tracked vehicles is mainly influenced by the interaction between tracks and soil, so that the characteristics of their interactions are quite important fur the tracked vehicle study. In particular, the track tension is closely related to the maneuverability of tracked vehicles and the durability of tracks and suspension systems. In order to minimize the excessive load on the tracks and to prevent the peal-off of tracks from the road-wheels, the Dynamic Track Tensioning System (DTTS) which maintains the optimum track tension throughout the maneuver is required. It consists of track tension monitoring system, track tension controller and hydraulic system. In this paper, a dynamic track tensioning system is developed for tracked vehicles which are subject to various maneuvering tasks. The track tension is estimated based on the idler assembly model. Using the monitored track tension and con sidering the highly nonlinear hydraulic units, fuzzy logic controllers are designed in order to control the track tension. The track tensioning performance of the proposed DTTS is verified through the simulation of the Multi -body Dynamics tool.