『안토니우스의 생애』에 나타난 안토니우스의 영들의 분별 : 영적 성숙의 동선을 따라

최승기 한국실천신학회 2020 신학과 실천 Vol.0 No.71

본고는 『안토니우스의 생애』가 담고 있는 안토니우스의 영들의 분별 원리를 탐구하는 것을 목적으로 삼는다. 안토니우스의 영들의 분별 원리는 그의 영적 성숙의 여정을 따라 역동적으로 조사되어야 바르게 이해될 수 있다. 『안토니우스의 생애』가 비록 악한 영의 가시성 여부에 대해 안토니우스의 「서간」과 다른 입장을 취하지만, 아타나시우스가 그린 안토니우스의 모습이 지닌 역사적 진정성은 훼손되지 않는다. 그리스도와의 일치를 목적지로 삼은 안토니우스의 영적 성숙의 여정은 더욱 강화된 고독을 위해 이동한 그의 네 거처로 구성된다. 이곳들은 악한 영과 각각의 고유한 싸움이 벌어진 곳이며, 중요한 영적 진보의 순간들이며, 그리스도를 전적으로 수용하여 온전히 그리스도처럼 변화되는 공간이다. 안토니우스는 영적 성숙의 첫 단계에서 염려와 애착을 자극하는 생각(logismoi), 몸에 성욕을 자극, 가시적 출현을 통한 악한 영의 공격을 받는다. 둘째 단계에서 악한 영의 주공격은 맹수의 환영 출현, 떼로 몰려옴, 육체적 폭행, 더욱 중요하게는 안토니우스가 느끼는 하나님의 부재의식으로 행해진다. 셋째 단계에서 악한 영은 광명의 천사의 탈을 쓰고 유혹한다. 넷째 단계에서 악한 영은 반인반수의 모습으로 출현하여 안토니우스를 희롱한다. 이 짐승은 동쪽 사막의 주(lord)로 추앙받는 이집트의 신인 민(Min)으로 추정된다. 안토니우스는 영적 성숙의 각 단계에 행해진 악한 영의 공격을 물리치는 처방을 제시한다. 특별히 넷째 단계에서 안토니우스는 십자성호를 그으며 “나는 그리스도의 종이다”라고 외침으로써 그 짐승을 패퇴시킨다. 이것이 안토니우스가 그리스도의 종으로서 악령들과의 싸움에서 거둔 최후의 승리이다. 안토니우스의 승리는 그를 통한 그리스도의 승리이다. 결국 안토니우스는 하나님의 은혜로 영들을 분별하는 은사를 파지하여 수도승과 모든 그리스도인들을 돕는 영적 사부가 된다. 그는 그리스도처럼 되어감의 영적 여정을 걸어가고 있는 오늘의 그리스도인들도 영들의 분별이란 영적 여정의 핵심으로 초대한다. This article aims to explore Antony’s rules for the discernment of spirits, which are contained in the Vita Antonii. His rules for the discernment of spirits must be dynamically investigated along the journey of his spiritual maturity to be understood. Although Vita Antonii and Antony’s Letters disagree on the visibility of evil spirits, the historical authenticity of Antony’ image drawn by Athanasius in the Vita Antonii is not undermined. Antony’s journey of spiritual maturity, with the destination of unity with Christ, consists of his four dwellings where he has moved for further intensified solitude. The places are where he has waged spiritual battles against the evil spirits respectively, are significant moments of his spiritual progress, and are spaces that he has fully accepted Christ and has been transformed into Christ-likeness. In the first stage of spiritual maturity, Antony is attacked by evil spirits through thoughts (logismoi) that stimulate anxiety and attachment, stimulation of sexual desire in the body, and visible appearance. In the second stage, the attacks of the evil spirit are carried out by the appearance of the illusion of wild beasts, their flocking, physical assault, and more importantly, Antony’s feeling like the absence of God. In the third stage, the evil spirit wears and seduces the mask of the angel of light. In the fourth stage, the evil spirit emerges in the form of a satyr-like beast and ridicules Antony. It is believed to be Min, the Egyptian lord of the East Desert. Antony presents a prescription to defeat the evil spirit attacks done at each stage of spiritual maturity. Especially in the fourth stage, Antony draws the cross and repels the beast by shouting, "I am the servant of Christ.” That is Antony’s final victory in the fight against evil spirits as a servant of Christ. Antony's victory is Christ's victory through him. Eventually, Antony attains the gift of discerning the spirits by the grace of God, becoming a spiritual master to help the monk and all Christians. He invites today’s Christians, who are walking on the spiritual journey of becoming like Christ, to the discernment of spirits which is the heart of the spiritual journey.

英國의 綜劃運動이 農業發展에 미친 影響

崔承基 안성산업대학교 1971 論文集 Vol.4 No.-

農業近代化를 爲한 企業農의 育成方案과 農業 經營者의 資質改善에 관한 硏究

崔承基 안성산업대학교 1972 論文集 Vol.5 No.-

This study dealt with the bring up the enterprising farm which is essential conditions to the modernization of the Korean agriculture and with the improving upon farmers quality. 1. General characteristics of Korean agriculture are self-supporting small farm system, cereals oropping and self-labored. The Korean agriculture forms the labor intensive production system. 2. As the farm mangement is not distinguished from self-supporting farming. The Korean agriculture system is depent on primitive production system. 3. Realizable suggestions are proposed for the enlargement of farm size establishing of production foundation and improving of farmers quality. 4. The polioy is gropped in connective with the proper rarmig size for the up bringing enterprising farm purposed to change the self-supportink production to commercial production. 5. The establishment of institution is proposed for the protection or profit and authority of agriculturists and recognation of agricultural specialization. 6. The nucleus manager of enterprising farm should be restricted to agriculturists, or those who received the agricultural education.

農業勞動의 經濟的特性에 關한 硏究

崔承基 안성산업대학교 1977 論文集 Vol.9 No.-

평화의 영성을 향하여

최승기 한국실천신학회 2016 신학과 실천 Vol.0 No.52

한국교회 안에 내적 평화를 추구하는 사람들이 자연스럽게 그 평화의 지평을 공공의 영역까지 확장하는 경우는 드물다. 반면, 외적 평화를 추구하는 사람들은 저항의 과정에서 내적 평화를 상실하고 저항의 대상처럼 되기 쉽다. 여기서 두 가지 질문이 발생한다. 첫째, 내적 평화를 추구하는 한국의 그리스도인들이 어떻게 평화의 지평을 공공의 영역까지 확장하여 내적 평화와 외적 평화를 통합적으로 추구하는 삶을 살아갈 수 있을까? 둘째, 외적 평화를 추구하는 한국의 그리스도인들이 어떻게 저항의 과정에서 내적 평화를 유지하여, 내적 평화에 기초한 외적 평화 추구를 할 수 있을까? 이 질문들에 대한 응답은 평화의 영성 형성을 위한 디딤돌을 제공한다. 첫째 질문에 대한 응답은 평화에 대한 인식의 확장, 내면성에 대한 새로운 이해, 기도와 행동에 관한 이분법적 인식의 수정에서 찾을 수 있다. 평화의 정의는 역사적 정황에 따라 동적으로 변화했으며, 내적 평화와 외적 평화를 통존적으로 이해하는 방향으로 발전해왔다. 내면성의 상징인 마음은 하나님과의 연대를 통해 온 인류, 피조세계와 연대가 이루어지는 곳이다. 기도와 행동은 분리될 수 없으며, 그리스도인의 영성생활은 신비적이면서 동시에 예언자적이어야 한다. 기도, 저항, 공동체의 필요성이 둘째 질문에 대한 응답이다. 기도는 먼저 사랑하는 하나님과의 교제를 통해 폭력의 원천인 욕구와 상처에 감염되지 않은 공간을 제공한다. 저항은 죽음에 세력에 “아니요”라고 말할 뿐 아니라, 더욱 중요하게는 생명의 세력과 움직임에 “그렇다”라고 말하는 것이다. 고백과 용서의 공동체는 폭력의 기반인 소외의 치료제이다. 평화의 영성을 촉진하는 영성훈련들이 있다. 특별히 의식성찰의 기도를 원용한 가칭 평화성찰 기도는 통존적 평화 추구에 큰 도움이 될 수 있을 것이다. 평화의 영성은 무장해제 된 존재로서 평화를 위한 저항의 수행을 지향하는 것이다. It is not easy to find Korean Christians who are in pursuit of inner peace and naturally extend their concern for peace to public areas. Meanwhile, not a few Korean Christians who work for outer peace are apt to lose their inner peace and to become a violent in the process of resistance for the cause of peace. Here are a couple of questions that can be raised. First, how can those who seek for inner peace extend their concern to public areas and thus integrate the inner with the outer peace. Secondly, how can those who work for outer peace keep their inner peace while resisting for peace. By responding to these questions, this article aims at providing a stepping stone to a spirituality of peace. The response to the former question can be found in necessity of expanding the horizon of the concept of peace, retrieving the meaning of interiority, and amending a dichotomy between prayer and action. The concept of peace has been changed in accordance with historical contexts, and has moved toward the integration of the inner and the outer peace. The heart, a symbol of interiority, is the place where we can be in solidarity with God and thus others. Prayer and action are not separable, and Christians' spiritual life must be mystical-prophetic. The necessity of prayer, resistance, and community is the answer to the second question. Prayer as a communion with God can provide us with a place where we cannot be infected by inordinate desires and wounds, that is, the main sources of violence. Resistance is to say no to life-destroying movements and more importantly, to say yes to life-giving movements. A community with confession of sins and forgiveness can be an antidote to alienation which is a foundation of violence. Some spiritual exercises can facilitate a spirituality of peace. Especially the so-called the examination of peace drawing from the examination of consciousness can be helpful for peacemaking. A spirituality of peace promotes our resistance for the cause of peace without hate and resentment.

農産物輸入自由化에 對應한 우리나라農業의 政策方向

崔承基,全榮吉 안성산업대학교 1988 論文集 Vol.20 No.-

Recently, pressures of opening import in the agricultural products are added to Korea from agricultural products export country, U.S., Canada, Australia, New Zealand etc. Specially the U.S. have insisted on expansion of opening import to countries keeping in trade surplus with the U. S. through bilateral agreement and multilateral trade negotiation (Uruguary Round: New Round) on the basis of a superior negatiative power. Import-liberalization is more or less inevitable to accomplish to continuous growth with an external-leaded growth strategy. But inconsideration of vulnerability of agricultural sector in Korea, Import-Liberalization is need to realize gradually because of a general opening import of farm economy. Therefore, to maximize the damage of farmers together with a maximum of profit of national economy to be able to achieve from opening import, we must consider the following polices. First, a plan to connect imported agricultural products with domestic agricultural products must be established. To be expanded of connection imported agricultural products with domestic agricultural products, import levies system is to introduce and operate. Second, profits from opening import must be helped to compensate farmers losses. Third, to establish a system of an effective import restraint, the present import system must be improved suitably in response to a opening import system. Fourth, we must improved an effect of the import-restricted barriers in agricultural products through reinforcement of non-tariff barriers. Fifth, to improve an international competitive power in Korea agriculture, improvement of agricultural structure, stabilization of agricultural price and development of agricultural human capital must be realized. As mentioned above, a scheme of agricultural policy under import-liberalization of agricultural products are showed. There are various views about agricultural trade policy. But as aims of import-liberalization are in improvement of national economy. First of all, political care for farmers and a policy of import-liberalization must be carried out simultaneously. An agricultural policy to import-liberalization of agricultural products is not restricted to the economic sector but it must include policy, social and cultural, etc. Also it must be to establish the basis of long-term development in the basis of long-term development in the level of an multi-industrial policy.

人口增加와 食糧需給 展望에 關한 硏究

崔承基 안성산업대학교 1982 論文集 Vol.14 No.-

The results of the study on the prospect of demand and supply of the food in relation to the increase in population are as follows : 1. The establishment of irrigation facilities, readjustment of arable land, and comprehensive development works of large scale should be promoted to raise the productivity of land. 2. To effectively cope with the decrease of farming labor resulted from their giving up farming, it is necessary to develop farm machines proper to our real circumstances. 3. It must be promoted to form a unit of chief producing district with the suitable cultivation of the crops in the arable land, and extend the range of intercropping and secondary cropping in a field with the reformation of planting system. 4. The food products, which in the case of comparing with that of other countries have insufficient international competitive power, should be supported and protected in price and production to fulfill the rate of self-support. 5. The extension of farm land through the reclamation work on the area under possible cultivation, 357,000 ha, and the area under possible clearing, 220,000 ha, will increase the total production. 6. The reformation of eating habits by encouraging the barley and wheat-orientaed consumption instead of rice and constituting pork and chicken for beef will help gain a foothold for self-support of main food.

MQTT 통신기반 식물 재배 인큐베이터 시스템 개발

최승기,오상원,김영광,김진술 한국EA학회 2021 한국EA학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2021 No.11

小農經濟에 있어서 農業經營組織改善의 方向摸索

崔承基 안성산업대학교 1984 論文集 Vol.16 No.-

The purpose of this study is to inquire into the direction of improvement in a farm managing system keeping in mind complication of the farm management and a peculiarity of Korean Agricultural under Peasent Economy. Korean agriculture has changed in many ways since 1960's. Among them, the most important thing is the decrease of the farm labour. But, in spite of the amazing decrease of the farm labour, a farm size per each farm is within a small size, about 1.08ha. So a small farm size will be likely to continue. We can think two ways to improve the income of a farm under the Peasant Economy. One is to improve it though the compound farming, the other is through the rotionalization of a farm managing system. A farm managing system is decided in thinking about many situations that farmers meet, therefore unification of a farm managing system may not be in accord with the managementing aims of each farm. Increase of the Commercial farm in Korea will be likely to continue. Then farm that are engaged in the farm purely will be able to increase, a farm managing system will be important, a farm will be developed with the economic growth. A farm managing system will be more and more important, and this development will be linked with a farming growth.

山地의 草地開發과 經濟性에 關한 硏究

崔承基 안성산업대학교 1983 論文集 Vol.15 No.-

Heretofore, there has been considered the necessity to convert the mountainous area of our country into the pasture without delay, and emphasized the economic effect of it, the results are follows: 1. The increase of imports of the fodder crops can be reduced by heightening the rate of the use of the roughage obtained from the prepared meadow. 2. In comparison with the fodder crops can be reduced by heightening the rate of the use of the roughage obtained from the prepared meadow would help to cut down the fodder expense more than the use of the concentrate being on a level with it in nutritive value. 3. In the economical effect of the use of the mountainous area, the stockbreeding products shows itself the highest in income flexible value of demand item by item, and the next is the economic crops such as the vegetables, etc., and the forest products, and the food crops, in order. 4. Here after, the use-rate of the mountainous area has to be heightened, and the cultivation area be expanded by introducing and improving the grass-seeds fit form the climate of our nation. 5. Onder the circumstances that the farm land, the grass field, and the forest can be reciprocally complemented according to the condition of the soil, the exploitation of the mountainous area must be carried out by all the rural community plan.