精神神經系

宋秀植 藥業新聞社 1982 (月刊) 醫藥情報 Vol.1982 No.11

意思決定樹 作成 問題의 分析

宋漢植 東亞大學校 大學院 1989 大學院論文集 Vol.14 No.-

Constructing an optimal decision tree for a given decision table is an NP-Complete problem. A search algorithm for general graph searching problem has been applied to the decision tree construction problem. An estimation function h in the A( )search has been defined by using entropy of the set of unknown elements. The difficulties of the A( )search in decision tree construction have been found : the correlation of testing variables, and the fact that entropy reduction by testing a variable may be less than 1.0 The idea of new estimation function has been introduced to overcome the NP-Complete obstacles : the estimation function must reflect both the correlations among variables and the entropies of test variables. The conditions of estimation function are specified in order for the A( )search to be an"efficient" algorithm. To find out such a new estimation function is claimed to be a clue to the answer to the question of NP=P.

韓國人 癎疾患者의 腦波學的 考察

宋秀植 고려대학교 의과대학 1972 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.9 No.2

This study was intend to find the incidence of abnormal E.E.G. findings and patterns among epileptics in Korea. One thousand four hundred forty cases who were given the diagnosis of epilepsy and treated from Jan. 1965 to Dec. 1971 at the Neuropsychiatry Department of Korea University Medical College Woo Sok Hospital were selected. And those epileptics who showed the evidences of such as brain injury, brain tumor, cerebral degenerative disease, endocrine disorders and other cerebral and systemic diseases which supposed to give influences to cerebral functioning were excluded from this study. The results obtained were as follows: 1. As to the proportion of clinical types in the 1, 440 cases of epileptics, it was revealed that grand mal epilepsy was 59.9% (826 cases), motor seizure was 17.7% (255 cases), psychic and psychomotor seizure was 6.2% (89 cases), unclassified epileptic seizure was 4.2% (60 cases), centrencephalic and focal seizure was 3.4% (49 cases), petit mal epilepsy was 2.8% (41 cases), mixed type was 1.7% (25 cases), myoclonic seizure was 1.6% (23 cases), autonomic seizure was 1.1% (16 cases), sensory seizure was 0.7% (10 cases), and infantile spasms was 0.7% (10 cases). 2. In the proportion of age groups according to the clinical types, grand mal epilepsy was above 60% in all of the age groups, motor seizure was above 13% in all of the age groups over 4 years old. 3. In the proportion of the clinical types according to age groups, petit mal epilepsy was 78% in the age group of between 4 and 15 years old. 4. In the proportion of abnormal E. E. G. according to age groups, in the age group between 4 and 15 years old, abnormal E. E. G. occupied 75.8%, and that it was the highest proportion of abnormal E. E. G. comparing with other age groups. 5. In all of the cases, the proportion of abnormal E. E.G. was 52.9%, and in the clinical types, infantile spasms was 100%, mixed type, myoclonic seizure and petit mal epilepsy were above 70%, grand mal epilepsy was 49.2% and other clinical types were above 30%. 6. In the proportion of wave patterns of abnormal E. E. G. according to the clinical types, paroxysmal slow wave was above 57% in the clinical types except petit mal epilepsy, myoclonic seizure and infantile spasms, 3 c/s spike and wave complex was 48.3% in the petit mal epilepsy, spike and wave complex was 83.3% in the myoclonic seizure and suppression and rhythmic bursts was 100% in the infantile spasms. 7. In the proportion of symmetricity and localization of abnormal E. E. G., the symmetric and generalized abnormal E. E. G. was above 65% in the petit mal epilepsy, myoclonic seizure, mixed type and infantile spasms and asymmetric and localized abnormal E. E. G. was 54.2% in the motor seiure.

Light in August에서 본 人間의 明과 暗

宋寬植 단국대학교 1989 論文集 Vol.23 No.-

In anaylzing Light in August, it is seen that the author places his main concern on four main characters: Lena Grove, Joe Christmas, Lucas Burch, and Bryon Bunch, who are bound together in two pairs; protagonists and antagonists, with Lena Grove symbolically placed at the beginning of the story as a representative of the author's thematic development in which he portrays a troubled world where there are continuous clashes among people regarding religion, race, morality, tradition, and other differences. The South, particularly Jefferson, Mississippi, is significantly represented in the novel, which has a great influence on the ways of life of the characters. Lena, sets out on a long pilgrimage and meets several people directly, or indirectly, who vigorously struggle to prove their existence, and at the end of the novel, she departs Jefferson with her child and leaves traces of her pilgrimage forming a cycle. In this cycle, the author discloses human obstinacy, prejudice, and cruelty, as well as an unavoidable fate. The roles of Joe Christmas, Lucas Burch, and Byron Bunch, are also inevitably linked to represent a cross section of the South, and Joe Christmas particularly plays a major role juxtaposing Lena. Immediately after his birth, Joe became an orphan and grew up as an outcast. Racially, he is labeled to undergo the trials of the south, and because of that ordeal, he must lead the tragic life of a socially maltreated man. He only got his rest after he has shot to death by Percy Grimm, whose responsibility was to fight for the cause of the South. Joe Christmas and Lena Grove can be paired to compare the darkness of Joe's life with the lightness of Lena, who innocently transcends her distress. Lucas Burch was from the start living a restless life. He misbehaved and caused personal damage to Lena Grove. To a man unable to assume his personal responsibilities, destiny is so set as to bring unhappiness not only to himself, but also to many others, and like Joe, he was also an outcast and forced to disinvolvement in human responsibility.

마이크로 컴퓨터를 이용한 多品種 少量生産 시스템의 전산화 事例

宋漢植 東亞大學校經營問題硏究所 1984 經營論叢 Vol.7 No.-

This paper showed the application of Micrcomputers(IBM-PC compatibles) to (ⅰ) the order entry and delivery data processings, (ⅱ) stock items keeping and inquiry, and (ⅲ) grouping the ordered items by their specifications or by their raw materials requirements in the custom products job shop or batch process systems. TAEKWANG BEND IND. CO. which produces bends products were the real example of this applocation study. Bends are specified by their shape(item name), types, schedules, sizes and raw materials, and ordeed items are specified by their custom name, order no, p. o. no. duedates,, and other remarks. In this company, above (ⅰ), (ⅱ), and (ⅲ) were serious problems because of its diversity of products and of its complexity of order entry and delivery processings. Thus it has been tried to develop the EDP systems for those problems by using an IBM-PC compatible computers. EDP system development was through the several stages: system analysis, system design, data base system design, program development and installment. For the easiness of system development, dBASE Ⅱ from Ashton-Tate was used. dBASE Ⅱ is relational data base management systems which is easy and powerful in system design and program development. Program was developed as menu driven system so as to perform the task by choosing proper options. Computer system was made up of main body, 10 mega byte hard disk, and printer as microcomputer system. Now days, because of continuous falling of hardware prices, it is better to computerize the daily transactions and to support the plan and control of the custom-products job shop or batch systems by using the micro level computers.

不良損失을 고려한 多段階 로트生産의 生産스케줄 樹立에 관한 硏究 : 신발類 製造業體를 實例로 in a Case of Shoes Production

宋漢植 東亞大學校 大學院 1984 大學院論文集 Vol.9 No.-

The competitive strategy of an organization is represented by its policies with respect to the marketplace and its competitors; four major competitive weapons are cost, quality, availability and flexibility. For intermittent system, when the quality and flexibility are almost equal among competitors, cost and availability are critical factors to have advantage over other competitors. Intermittent system has two important characteristics regarding availability and cost. One is learning curve phenomenon and the other is scrap factor in production process. So, in this paper a model which finds the efficiency of system is proposed to represent competitive power from availability and cost which are under the influence of learning curve phenomenon and scrap factor. Especially, scrap factor is the cause of delay of order delivery and increase of cost and resulted in the deterioration of productivity. On the other hand learning, curve phenomenon in production process of one kind of item reduces the production time and costs. So, this paper has the idea to represent opportunity cost of waiting time of order and defective losses into profitability of system under certain scheduling rule. Besides profitability, average number of waiting orders and average waiting time of an order are considered as systems efficiency. To find profitability as profit per systems hour, the difficulty lies in to find out the waiting time of orders. Two methods are considered. One is by analytic queueing M/G/m model or Level Cross Analysis model. The other is Simulation model. Queueing model is difficult to accommodate practical real requirements into theoretical model and to expand mathematically. So, Simulation model is constructed. The imput variables are learning curve percentage (R), defective rate (p), set-up time (UP), rate of return (r), prices (P), raw material and labor costs (C), and feedback probability (d) to complete scrap deficiency. When these input variables are given, the simulation model finds the profitability, idle time of facilities, average number of waiting order (N), average waiting time (W),etc. Through numerical example of shoes production case, it was found out that scrap factor has severe influence on profitability than expected, and average number of waiting order was greatly influenced by systems utilization factor (ρ) and average waiting time was consistently stabled through the experiment. In addition, if we have practical past history of order arrival and order size, these data can be used to generate order arrival data, we can get profitability and other important systems characteristics which give some important information about the operation of intermittent productive system such as order processing rule or scheduling priority rule.

呼吸性 ACIDOSIS 및 ALKALOSIS가 胃液分泌에 미치는 影響에 關한 實驗的硏究

宋在植 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1961 慶北醫大誌 Vol.3 No.1

An experimental study was carried out to investigate the effects of respiratory acidosis (hypoventilation) and alkalosis (hyperventilation) on the acidity, chlorede level and volume of the gastric juice, in seventy-seven dogs with Pavalov pouch divided into three, namely control, hypoventilation and hyperventilation groups. in all groups the total and free acidity were roughly parallel each other and the chloride level was roughly proportional to the acidity except in cases in which the volume of the gastric secretion was extremely decreased as a result of atropine injection or gastric acidity was extraordinarily high or low. Hypoventilation generally caused a continuous ascent of the gastric acidity and increased acid secretion in hypoventilation group was seen even in dogs given histamine. However, atropine inhibited the hypersecretion of acid to be caused by hypoventilation. A continuous descent of gastric acidity was noted in hyperventilation group and hyperventilation could inhibit the hypersecretion of acid to be brought about with histmine. However, on hypose cretion was produced by hypoventilation in dogs given atropine. It was felt that changes in the gastric secretion produced by respiratory acidosis and alkalosis is closely related to the vagal tone and carbon dioxide contents in the blood.

獨寡占規制 形態에 관한 考察

宋英植 건국대학교 1979 論文集 Vol.10 No.1

Today's economy is not a market economy accomodating conditions for the complete cometition, but monopolizing industries are controlling an others and so act not as the price-takers' but the 'price-makers'. Actually technical innovations such as production methods and etc. are actively taken place and the market economic system is being greatly changed; and the industries being incorporated so much to only a few limited number of huge industries that sometimes the trial of lassez-faire role in the market reduces the efficiency of the economy to bring forth cases in which the benefactors are not the consumers. Therefore the various mal-effects take place in the market of monopoly and so the necessity of controlling the monopoly cannot but appear. In the control of monoply, what and how to of it can not be specifically made: because of this, each nation has been doing that by producing laws made in consideration of the political or Social factors. The American way of control of monopoly based on their principal controllism is that the Americans have attempted dividing the existing industries or controlling the incorporation of industries considered to be dangerous, in view of their thinking that the behavior of monopoly or the market effect there of comes from the market system itself which is highly concentrated. And the collusion among industries, the oppression by the commanding industries on others, the limitation on the amount of production and sales, monoplistic transections, boycotts, etc. are stipulated as per se illigal. Abaut the monopoly control of the English who are adopting the method of controlling waste: even in case there is conspiracy among industries they acknawledge it not as unlawful if it is not far from the decided standard, drawing the line between the good and the bad. In doing that, although they acknowledge the status of monopoly or that of its economic power, they apply the control system when the industries come to abuse them. No matter which one of the above two theories we take to control the monopoly problem in today's economy in this country, the basic goal of free economic system is to maintain the social order in which the principle of free competition is protected to the utmost and through it realize the most appropriate distribution of resources and so accomplish the improvement of standard of life of the people as well as the national economic development. Therefore it is considered good to induce the present day market being under the dominant system of monopoly to maintain competition. In the case of Korea from the 1960s, in their effort to achieve drastic economic growth, although it in understanderble that they could not help allocating their all technology and lacking capital to get the most efficiency. And in their effort to make the production pattern appropriate to the smallness of domestic market, they have allowed the appearance of industries of monopoly as are frequently found in thous developing countries and they sometimes could not help politically forming such. And so it is considered that we should deal with the monopoly control, in making new laws or revision thereof, from the stratigical viewpoint in our ful consideration of the particular circumstances of the economy and the fact that we are to face severe comfetition in the internaticnal market. Therefore the adoption of the theories applied in the United States of Americe or the British Kingdom should be cautiously made. Because the basic idea of monopoly control is not only in unrealistically dissecting the monopoly industries to get the complete competition, but in eradicating the evil practices and encourage meritorious points and at last insuring the economic system involving efficient competition by giving continuous stimulus considered contributing to econmic growth.

美國小說에 投影된 「길잃은 世代」

宋寬植 단국대학교 1985 論文集 Vol.19 No.-

Moving toward the 20th century, the American society was fated to undergo many changes along with some changes already made after the Civil War. The Post-War industrialization urged by under the name of national reconstruction was a nation-wide concern. Until the end of the 19 century, American people enjoyed social and religious traditions, always trying to maintain gentility in the ways of life, but with industrialization, the imported thoughts and literary trends then prevailing over Europe American people, particularly the young people, speedily favored anti-traditions in society and schools. During the second decade of the 20th century, there was a tendency among the young generation to behave upon their own egotism and seek freedom in their life. There had already been flapper girls astriding on the streets in their strange hair style, attire, and speech. In their parties crammed with young boys girls they enjoiyed drinking, singing, and dancing. Petting parties were getting popular among the young to the elders' dismay. In 1917 many young Americans volunteered for service to join in the 1st World War in Europe. They fought a cruel war and experienced hardship and human tragedies; but, when they returned home, they found a completely different society where they couldn't dare to restore their old positions and ways of life. They become lost. In order to forget their nothingness some indulged in drinks and sex. Otheres left home and lived a Bohemian life wandering aimlessly about. Many young men among them who failed to get any consolation in the American society left their country and became expatriates. Gertrude Stein called them 'lost generation.' In this paper the historical background of those young men belonging to 'lost generation,' is traced; and, by anylizing two short stories and two novels of F. Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway, the reality of the youth of 'lost generation' has been presented. Four main characters representing 'lost generation' are interpreted to prove four types of restlessness, anxiety, and abadomnent in their life utterly unable to cope with the society they should find nests after the war. The society, in general, enjoys post-war prosperity after a short depression along with new fashion and more freedom, but these new social elements in turn generated alienness to the sensitive youth. The four types of youngmen revealed their attitudes to the rejecting society and lead a life aimlessly and at times hopelessly, but Hemingway particularly sought a prospective sound life to make worthy of the past wandering life. Fitzgerald's characters also reach final illumination to the true life to normalize theier troubled mental and physical being. Another obvious presentation by these two major writers is their veiws on changing attitudes of young women. There could be seen no such decent, obedient, and tender women that people used to admire in the American society. They were the embodiment of fast changing attitudes of womenhood in early decades of the 20th century. They behaved as though they were free from traditions, customs, and past morality. They were more or less of 'lost generation,' too, because they were partners of the lost youngmen. With them and others a period of turmoil and transition was gradually to meet the great depression, and eventually the young men and women begin to restore the sound spirit to move back to normalcy of life.

이온 질화 처리에 의한 Ti-6Al-4V의 표면특성 개선

宋点植,金信起,全允祚,金慶勳,文武聖 대한금속재료학회 2002 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.40 No.3

This paper presents the results from the studies on the surface layers produced by ion nitriding at three different temperatures in order to improve wear resistance, hardness, and to modulate microstructure and chemical composition of surface layers. X-ray diffraction indicated the formation of two phases(TiN, Ti_2N) and the preferred orientations of TiN occured when nitrided at 810℃. Ion nitrided surface had the Vickers hardness of 860 Hv and greatly improved the wear resistance of Ti-6A1-4V. The cytotoxicity was measured with NIH 3T3 fibroblast by SRB method and was compared with that of the FDA approved Ti-6A1-4V. Corrosion resistance and cytotoxicity was similar to untreated Ti-6A1-4V alloy.