확률분포모형을 이용한 하루살이속(Ephemera) 4종의 고도구배에 따른 서식처적합도 평가

공동수,강보미 한국물환경학회 2023 한국물환경학회지 Vol.39 No.4

Distribution characteristics and altitudinal gradient of four species (E. strigata, E. separigata, E. orientalis-sachalinensis group) of the mayfly genus Ephemera (Order Ephemeroptera) were analyzed with probability distribution models (exponential, normal, lognormal, logistic, Weibull, gamma, beta, Gumbel). Data was collected from 23,846 sampling units of 6,787 sites in Korea from 2010 to 2021. The beta distribution model showed the best fit for positively skewed E. orientalis-sachalinensis and little-skewed E. strigata along with altitudinal gradient. The reversed lognormal distribution model showed the best-fit for negatively skewed E. separigata. E. orientalis-sachalinensis distributed at the range of altitude 1∼700 m (mean 251 m, median 226 m, mode 124 m, and standard deviation 161 m), E. strigata distributed at the range of altitude 5∼871 m (mean 474 m, median 478 m, mode 492 m, and standard deviation 200 m), E. separigata distributed at the range of altitude 7∼846 m (mean 620 m, median 659 m, mode 760 m, and standard deviation 181 m). Altitudinal habitat suitability ranges were estimated to be 42∼257 m for E. orientalis-sachalinensis, 335∼644 m for E. strigata, and 641∼824 m for E. separigata. Based on the altitudinal spectrum of suitability and altitude-related temperature analysis results, E. orientalis-sachalinensis was estimated to be thermophilic, E. strigata to be mesophilic, and E. separigata to be thermophobic. This is the first national-scale evaluation of the altitudinal distribution of Ephemera in Korea. These results will be used in a further research study on altitudinal shift of the species of Ephemera under climate change.

우리나라 주요 호소의 수질특성에 대한 통계적 분석

공동수 한국물환경학회 2019 한국물환경학회지 Vol.35 No.2

Water quality data of 81 lakes in Korea, 2013~2017 were analyzed. Most water quality parameters showed left-skewed distribution, while dissolved oxygen showed normal distribution. pH and dissolved oxygen showed a positive correlation with organic matter and nutrients, which appeared to be a nonsense correlation mediated by the algae. The ratio of BOD5 and CODMn to CBOD was 21% and 52% in the freshwater lakes, respectively. TOC concentration appeared to be underestimated by the UV digestion method, when salinity exceeds 700 μS cm-1. In terms of nitrogen/phosphorus ratio, the limiting factor for algal growth seemed to be phosphorus in most of the lakes. Chlorophyll α increased acutely with decrease of N/P ratio. However, it seemed to be a nonsense correlation mediated by phosphorus concentration, since the N/P ratio depended on phosphorus. The N/P ratio of brackish lakes was lower than that of the freshwater, at the same concentration of phosphorus. It is worth examining denitrification that occurs, in bottom layer and sediment, during saline stratification. Chl.α concentration decreased in the form of a power function with increase of mean depth. The primary reason is that deep lakes are mainly at the less-disturbed upstream. However, it is necessary to investigate the effect of sediment, on water quality in shallow lakes. Light attenuation in the upper layer, was dominated by tripton (non-algal suspended solids) absorption/scattering (average relative contribution of 39%), followed by CDOM (colored dissolved organic matter) (average 37%) and Chl.α (average 21%).

우리나라 호소의 영양상태 분류에 관한 제언

공동수,김범철 한국물환경학회 2019 한국물환경학회지 Vol.35 No.3

Most of the lakes in Korea are artificial, and their limnological characteristics are significantly different from those of natural lakes in other countries. In this study, the relationship between trophic state parameters was investigated, based on summer average data of the upper layer, in 81 lakes in Korea , 2013-2017. Compared with trends of foreign natural lakes, chlorophyll ? (Chl.?) concentration was slightly lower at the same total phosphorus (TP) concentration, and transparency (Secchi depth, SD) was noticeably lower at the same Chl.? concentration. This is because of excessive allochthonous loading of non-algal material during the monsoon period, and the reduction in phosphorus availability to algal growth, by light limitation and short hydraulic residence time. Considering these characteristics, we suggested site-specific thresholds of trophic state classification for Chl.?, TP and SD, based on annual average data at the upper layer of lakes (3-10 g L-1 of Chl.? measured by UNESCO method; 13-33 g L-1 of TP; 1.6-3.2 m of SD for mesotrophic state class, respectively). The threshold value of TP for each trophic state class, corresponded to the upper value of previously reported range, and that of SD was out of the range. We suggested applying only TP and Chl.? in assessment of trophic state of lakes in Korea, excluding SD.

하천환경관리 및 모니터링 체계 개선방안

공동수,정세웅,신현석 한국수자원학회 2013 한국수자원학회논문집 Vol.46 No.1

우리나라의 수질총량관리 현황 및 전망

공동수 한국수자원학회 2005 한국수자원학회논문집 Vol.38 No.3

한국의 저서성 대형무척추동물 생태점수 개선

공동수,박영준,전용락 한국물환경학회 2018 한국물환경학회지 Vol.34 No.3

In 1997, the environmental score (Q) corresponding the tolerance value of Korean benthic macroinvertebrate species and the related biotic score, the ecological score of benthic macroinvertebrates (ESB) were proposed; ESB was similar to Beck's biotic index or Chandler's biotic score. This study was carried out to revise the Q values of individual species and the assessment scheme of ESB based on the taxonomic performance and ecological information accumulated since then. The original ESB was renamed as TESB (total ESB), and AESB (average ESB) was newly proposed. AESB is calculated by dividing the TESB (for a given station) by the number of species present in the sample. In this study, TESB showed a positively skewed distribution, while AESB showed a negatively skewed distribution. The correlation between TESB and the concentration of BOD5 was a little stronger than that of the original ESB. TESB showed a very strong correlation (correlation coefficient r=0.98) with Margalef's species richness, of which correlation coefficient was higher than that of AESB (r=0.85). AESB showed a strong correlation (r=-0.79) with the concentration of BOD5, while TESB showed a weaker correlation (r = -0.67). Applying TESB and AESB together in an assessment of the environment may be comprehensive because the physical and chemical states of the environment can be evaluated together. AESB is less dependent on the sample size, while TESB tends to increase as the sample size increases. In the evaluation of the environment using TESB, it is necessary to standardize the methods on monitoring.

팔당호의 영양구조적 특성

공동수 한국물환경학회 1995 수질개선 시스템 개발에 관한 한·일 심포지움 Vol.- No.-

확률분포모형을 이용한 하루살이속(Ephemera) 종들의 물리적 미소서식처 적합도 평가

공동수,송재하 한국물환경학회 2023 한국물환경학회지 Vol.39 No.5

Species from the mayfly genus Ephemera (Order Ephemeroptera) was assessed for their physical microhabitat suitability (namely E. strigata, E. separigata, and E. orientalis-sachalinensis). Probability distribution models (Exponential, Normal, Lognormal, Logistic, Weibull, Gamma, Beta, and Gumbel) based on the data collected from 23,957 sampling units of 6,787 sites in Korea from 2010 to 2021 were used. Mode and standard deviation calculated from the best-fitting models to species distribution along a water depth gradient were 265 cm and 159 cm in E. orientalis-sachalinensis; 10 cm and 83 cm in E. strigata; 20 cm and 15 cm in E. separigata, respectively. The current velocity gradient was 22 cm/s and 40 cm/s in E. orientalis-sachalinensis; 60 cm/s and 53 cm/s in E. strigata; 82 cm/s and 25 cm/s in E. separigata, respectively. The mean diameter (phi scale) of substrate grains were -3.6 and 2.2 in E. orientalis-sachalinensis; -7.4 and 1.5 in E. strigata; -5.8 and 0.9 in E. separigata, respectively. Habitat suitability range of E. orientalis-sachalinensis was estimated to be 161~369 cm (water depth), 5~44 cm/s (current velocity), -5.2~-2.0 (mean diameter); 3~34 cm (water depth), 36~94 cm/s (current velocity), -8.1~-6.3 (mean diameter) for E. strigata; 12~32 cm (water depth), 63~96 cm/s (current velocity), -6.3~-5.2 (mean diameter) for E. separigata. In relative comparison, E. orientalis-sachalinensis was estimated to be rheophobic, eurybathophilic, and eurypsephophilic; E. strigata to be euryrheophilic, bathophobic, and lithophilic; E. separigata to be stenomesorheophilic, stenobathophobic, stenolithophilic.

팔당호의 춘계 단순물질수지 모델링

공동수 한국물환경학회 2017 한국물환경학회지 Vol.33 No.6

Simple material budget models were developed to predict the spring season (March~May) water quality for a river-type reservoir Paldang, in the Republic of Korea. These models are available at mixed water bodies whose light intensity is negligible at the bottom. The calculated data from the models fit quite well with field data collected for 30 years, from 1988 to 2017. The apparent settling velocity of total phosphorus was estimated to be 110 m d-1. The critical hydraulic load that determines the usability of phosphorus for algal production appeared to be about 2.0 m d-1. When a hydraulic load was larger than the critical value, the concentrations of chlorophyll (Chl.), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and 5-day biochemical oxygen demand BOD in the reservoir water became insensitive to internal algal reactions. The model analysis showed that the allochthonous COD continued to increase while the allochthonous BOD slightly decreased after 1999. The decrease of allochthonous BOD is due to the expansion of sewage and wastewater treatment plants in the watershed. The increase of allochthonous COD seems to result from the increase in anthropogenic non-point sources as well as the increase in the discharge of natural organic matters due to climate change. Organic matter of algal origin continued to increase until the mid-2000s, but recently it has decreased as the phosphorus concentration has decreased. The COD and BOD of algal origin increased from 35% and 30% during 1988~1994 to 43% and 42% during 2000~2010, respectively, and then decreased to 25% and 29% during 2011~2017.

수중 영양단계 조절에 의한 일차 생산자의 관리

공동수,양상용,천세억,류홍일 한국하천호수학회 1995 생태와 환경 Vol.28 No.2