고마리와 소리쟁이에 의한 와 의 흡수 및 phytochelatin에 관한 연구

강경홍,김인성,구정숙 한국환경생물학회 2000 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.18 No.2

고마리에의한 농약성분의 생물학적 농축에 관한 연구

강경홍,김인성 Natural Science Research Institute JEONJU UNIVERSI 1995 전주대학교 자연과학연구소 학술논문집 Vol.8 No.2

In the study, the variations of biomass and biological magnification of the parathione and diazinon in Persicaria thunbergii cultured with the nutrient solutions added by the pesticides for 35 days were investigated. The results are as follows : The amount of the biological magnification of parathione and diazinon in the plant were reached to the highest values at 14 days, and then gradually declined. The biological magnifications of the plants treated with 5ppm, 10ppm and 20ppm of parathione were higher than those of diazinon by 1.27-5.92, 1.87-6.23 and 1.77-9.52 times, respectively. The biomass of the plants were declined as the growth times in which the pesticides were concentrated : those of the plants treated with 5, 10 and 20ppm of parathione were 0.81, 0.75 and 0.65 of the control, while those of diazinon were 0.96, 0.95 and 0.80 of the control, respectively.

Cinnamic Acid계 물질들이 β-amlylase와 peroxidase의 활성에 미치는 영향

康璟洪 전주대학교 1986 論文集 Vol.15 No.-

The effects of cinnamic acid series compounds on the activities of the crude β-amylase from the half-endosperm and of the peroxidase from the shoot, the radicle and the subcultured callus of the pea seedlings were investigated. The results are as follows; On the treatment of those compounds in the cultured media the effects of all compounds were shown to suppress the activities of β-amylase. But the activities of the enzyme extracts which were treated with those compounds were observed to have different effects respectively; no effects with chlorogenic, caffeic and trans-cinnamic, suppressed with coumarin at the high concentration treatment, and activated with ferulic and p-coumaric on the increment of the concentration. The peroxidase activities of all compounds, except ferulic, which were treated in the enzyme extract have suppressed effects than that of the control. The activities of that on the treatment of those compounds in the cultured media were shown to be dependant on factors such as different parts of seedlings, callus and the treated compounds.

Cinnamic Acid계 물질이 식물 Hormone에 의한 Etylene 생성에 미치는 영향

康璟洪 全州大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.14 No.-

Effects of each cinnamic acid series compounds combined with IAA or kinetin, and/or calcium or cobaltous ion on the ethylen production of the etiolated pea stem section were investigated. The results are as follows; In the no combination treatment of each cinnamic acid compounds, the ferulic acid was resulted in the significant decreased effect of the ethylene production. In the treatment of each cinnamic compound combined with IAA, all treatments, excepted p-coumaric acid and coumarin treatment, had a synergistic effect of IAA and increased the ethylene production. The combined treatment with kinetin by caffeic acid, ferulic acid, coumarin or chlorogenic acid showed increased effect and p-coumaric acid treatment combined with IAA plus kinetin resulted in the decreasement of the ethylene production. Caffeic acid, ferulic acid or chlorogenic acid combined with IAA plus calcium ion treatment and trans-cinnamic acid or coumarin combined with IAA plus cobaltous ion treatment had the synergistic effects; the one was increasement and the other was decreasement of the ethylene production. Effects of each cinnamic acid compound combined with IAA or Kinetin and/or calcium or cobaltous ion on the ethylene production were very varied by their characteristic of structures that is hydroxylation, methylation or polyphenol etc.

Anxin계 식물호르몬과 Cinnamic Acid계 물질이 완두의 절편생장과 질소 및 인산흡수에 미치는 영향

姜璟洪 全州大學校 1987 論文集 Vol.16 No.-

Effects of cinnamic acid series compounds in the combination with or without IAA. NAA or 2, 4-D on the growth and the total nirogen and the phosphate contents in the pea stem sections were investigated. The reuslts are as follows : The low concentration (10-?M) of cinnamic acid series compound and IAA(10-?M) treatments had no effects but NAA and 2,4-D had significantly effects on the growth of sections than that of the control. In the combined with the cinnamic acid series compounds, NAA treatment suppressed and 2,4-D increased the growth of sections than that of the single treatments. Th treatment with IAA or NAA dereased the value of total nitrogen contents, but combined with ferulic acid increased the value of that. The treatment with 2,4-D increased the value of total nitrogen content but combined treatment with caffeic or p-coumaric acid had reversed effects and wiht ferulic, coumarin, chlorogenic or trans-cinnamic acid had synergic effects. The treatments of NAA, ferulic, coumarin or chlorogenic acid increased the uptake of phosphate. In the combined treatments, NAA+ a cinnamic and series compound decreased, IAA+trans-cinnamic acid and 2,4-D+ a cinnamic acid series compound treatments increased the uptake of phosphate than that of single treatments.

雌性 흰쥐의 肝發生과 造血에 미치는 Estradiol Benzoate의 影響에 關한 硏究

康璟洪,李株河 Natural Science Research Institute JEONJU UNIVERSI 1987 전주대학교 자연과학연구소 학술논문집 Vol.2 No.2

This study was designed to investigate the effects of estradiol benzoate on the hematopoiesis and cellular differentiation in the liver from fetal to neonatal rats. Estradiol benzoate was injected into the healthy pregnant albino rats, Wistar strain(Rattus norvegicus var. albus F itzinger), and the animals were sacrificed on the 13th, 17th, 19th, and 21st day of gestation respectively. Neonatal rats were also sacrificed on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 5th day from birth respectively. Livers from fetuses and neonates of females were selected and examined by routine histological method. Blocks of paraffin containing specimen were cut at 4-5um and different staining methods were employed hematoxylin-eosin stain for the observation of general histological structures, hematoxylin eosin-azure II for the differentiation of blood forming cells and the distribution of blood corpuscles, periodic acid-Schiff(PAS) for the glycogen, and Gomori's silver impregnation for the reticular fibers. Microscopic field selection method by Harbitiz(1973) and point counting method by Lennox and Logue(1979) were applied for the morphometric quantitative analysis of hematopoietic cells. In the 13th day of gestation, hepatic tissue was primitive structures and a great number of nucleated erythrocytes were contained in more enlarged sinusoids. More or less spherical and elliptical nucleus and 1-2 nucleoli were contained in the primitive hepatic cells. Oval-like erythroblasts were larger than hepatic cells, on the other hand, cytoplasm of erythroblast was relatively smaller than its nucleus. In the 15th day of gestation, hepatic tissue was composed of various types of hepatic cells, nucleated erythrocytes, and megakaryocytes. Hepatic cells were still undifferentiated and central veins were not definitely seen, but cell layers surrounding sinusoid were slightly thickened. In the 17th day of gestation, sinusoids and central veins were definitely formed in hepatic tissue, and in its lumina were observed a great number of nucleated and non-nucleated erythrocytes. In the 19th day of gestation, differentiated hepatic cells with 1-2 nucleoli and increased megakaryocytes with 3-4 nucleoli were seen in hepatic tissue. In the 21st day of gestation, hepatic triad, which is composed of bile duct, hepatic artery, and hepatic portal vein, appeared for the first time. In the 1 day after birth, the number of erythroblasts, and normoblasts in the central veins and sinusoids were decreased, but numerous non-nucleated erythrocytes were seen in tis lumina. In the 3 and 5 days after birth, because hepatic lobules appeared for the first time, hepatic tissue was nearly the same as that of the adult. Glycogen showed the strongest positive reaction to the PAS in the 21st day of gestation and reticular fibers were gradually increased with age, but ,lifferentiation of hepatic tissues, glycogen, and reticular fibers of the estradiol benzoate-treated groups did not show considerable changes in comparison with the case of the control groups. The number of hematopoietic cells per unit area was gradually decreased with age in case both of the control groups and of the estradiol benzoate-treated groups. But, in number, they were significantly fewer in the estradiol benzoatetreated groups than in the control groups.

Acetosyringone이 Agrobacterium tumefaciens pTi C58에 의한 오이 (Cucumis sativus L.)의 형질전환에 미치는 영향

강경홍,김홍남 Natural Science Research Institute JEONJU UNIVERSI 1990 전주대학교 자연과학연구소 학술논문집 Vol.3 No.1

Transformation of Cucumis sativus seedlings has been obtained using Aadrobacterium tuniefaciens pTi C58. Transformation frequency was dependent on the physiological state of plants, the nature of Agrobacterium strains, the species of plants and bacterium and, less so, on the expression of the Vir genes of tumor- inducing plasmid. High transformation has been induced when 50μM acetosyringone(AS), a natural wound response molecule, was added to an Agrobacteriuaa tumefaciens culture prior to inoculation on seedlings. Specially, when bacterium had incubated pH7.0 LB agar after pH5.6 LB broth with 50μM AS at 28℃, 400rpm., higher transformation has been obtained. Opine assays confirmed the insertion and expression of T-DNA in Cucumis sativus seedlings.

하천유역의 관속식물을 이용한 토양내의 중금속 오염원 제거에 관한 연구

강경홍,김인성 한국지하수토양환경학회 1996 지하수토양환경 Vol.1 No.2

하천 주변에 서식하는 관속식물의 중금속 농축량과 서식지 토양 내의 중금속 함량과의 상관관계를 조사하기 위해 전주시에 위치한 전주천에 서식하는 고마리, 마름 그리고 노랑어리연꽃을 이용하여 Pb, Cu, Zn 및 Fe의 생물학적 농축량을 조사하였고, 재료식물의 서식지 토양 내의 중금속 함량을 분석하여 그 상관관계를 비교ㆍ분석하였다. 그 결과 고마리에서 중금속 농축량은 Pb의 경우 80.4~254.6$mu\textrm{g}$/g, Cu는 284.6~688.4$mu\textrm{g}$/g, Zn는 635.5~1979.4$mu\textrm{g}$/g 그리고 Fe는 1160.0~3590.9$mu\textrm{g}$/g으로 나타났다. 마름에서는 Pb, Cu, Zn 그리고 Fe에서 각각 107.8~306.0$mu\textrm{g}$/g, 282.7~963.0$mu\textrm{g}$/g, 1328.3~3546.9$mu\textrm{g}$/g 그리고 656.8~9944.0$mu\textrm{g}$/g으로 나타났고, 노랑어리연꽃에서는 140.1~193.0$mu\textrm{g}$/g, 187.7~327.3$mu\textrm{g}$/g, 1126.6~1723.6$mu\textrm{g}$/g그리고 611.7~1914.6$mu\textrm{g}$/g으로 나타났다. 재료식물 각 부위별 중금속 농축량은 일반적으로 잎<줄기<뿌리의 순서로 그 농축량이 증가하였다. 서식지에 서식한 재료식물에서의 중금속 농축 양상을 검증하기 위해서 재료식물중 고마리를 선정하여 Pb, Cu그리고 Zn의 농도를 10ppm과 30ppm으로 나누어 단독 또는 복합 처리하여 고마리 내의 중금속 농축량을 분석한 결과 재료식물의 뿌리에서 가장 높은 농축량을 나타냈고, 처리 농도에 따른 중금속 농축량을 비교하면 10ppm처리구에 비해 30ppm 처리구에서 Pb는 2.8배, Cu는 2.0배 그리고 Zn는 2.1배 높았으며 중금속 농축량은 Zn하였다. 재료식물 부위별 농축량은 Pb와 Zn의 경우 줄기<잎<뿌리의 순서로 농축량이 증가하였고, Cu는 잎<줄기<뿌리의 순서로 농축량이 증가하였다. 그리고 중금속을 조합처리한 재료 식물에서 Cu는 Zn의 흡수를 억제하는 결과를 나타냈다. 서식지 토양의 중금속 함량과 식물내의 중금속 농축량을 비교하면 고마리에서는 토양에 비해 Pb는 13.2배, Cu는 73.4배, Zn는 58.7배 그리고 Fe는 13.1배로 높은 농축량을 보였으며 , 마름에서는 Pb, Cu, Zn 그리고 Fe 각각 25.3배, 98.5배, 145.0배 그리고 42.0배로 나타났고, 노랑어리연꽃에서는 11.2배, 47.5배, 87.7배 그리고 28.8배로 농축량이 증가하였다. 서식지 토양의 중금속 함량과 재료식물 내의 중금속 농축량 사이에는 정 상관관계가 있었다. The biological magnification of Pb, Cu, Zn and Fe in vascular plant, Persicaria thunbergii, Trapa japonica and Nymphoides peltata natually grown at the river and riverside and relationship between the concentration of heavy metals in these vascular plants and in the soil were investigated in the Chonju river, Chonju city. The biological magnification values of these metals in P thunbergii were founded as follows ; Pb, Cu, Zn and Fe were 80.4~254.6$mu\textrm{g}$/g, 284.6~688.4$mu\textrm{g}$/g, 635.5~1979.4$mu\textrm{g}$/g and 1160.0~3590.9$mu\textrm{g}$/g respectively. In the case of T. japonica, Pb, Cu, Zn and Fe were 107.8~306.0$mu\textrm{g}$/g, 282.7~963.0p$mu\textrm{g}$/g, 1328.3~3546.$mu\textrm{g}$/g and 656.8~9944.0$mu\textrm{g}$/g and in N. peltata, 140.1~ 193.9$mu\textrm{g}$/g, 187.7~327.3$mu\textrm{g}$/g, 1126.6~1723.6$mu\textrm{g}$/g and 611.7~1914.6$mu\textrm{g}$/g respectively. The amount of the biological magnification of heavy metals in the leaf, stem and root of these plants was generally increased in the sequence of leaf<stem<root. When P. thunbergii was treated with the heavy metals (alone or combinations of Pb, Cu and Zn) of 10ppm and 30ppm concentrations to comparing with the pattern of biological magnification in habitat, metal uptakes were in root higher than in stem and leaf. Aad, p. thunbergii treated with 30ppm concentration of each heavy metal alone higher than treated with 10ppm concentration as follows ; Pb 2.8, Cu 2.0 and Zn 2.1 times. The biological magnification of heavy metals in P. thunbergii treated with the 10ppm and 30ppm concentrations of heavy metals was generally increased in the sequence of Zn<Pb<Cu and the amount of the biological magnification of Pb and Zn in leaf, stem and root of P. thunbergii was increased in the sequence of stem<left<root but, Cu was leaf<stem<root. In the culture medium applied with heavy metals mixed, Cu induced the Zn deficiency in the plant. When comparing the heavy metal concentration in these plants with the heavy metal content in the habitat soil, the magnification value of heavy metals in P. thunbergii were Pb 13. 2, Cu 73.4, Zn 58.7 and Fe 13.1 times to compare with the content of heavy metals in the habitat soil. In the case of T japonica, Pb 25.3, Cu 98.5, Zn 145.0 and Fe 42.0 times and in N. peEtata, Pb 11.2, Cu 47.5, Zn 87.7 and Fe 28.8 times. Statistical analysis suggested that the significant portion of heavy metal in samples was drived from habitat soil.

고마리 내에서 Cu 의 흡수량과 Phytochelatin 의 관계

강경홍,김인성 ( Kyung Hong Kang,In Sung Kim ) 한국환경생물학회 1997 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.15 No.2

When Persicaria thunbergii was treated with Cu(NO_3)_2 of 5mM and 10 mM for 48hr in laboratory, the biolmagnification of copper in the leaf and root of plants and the rate of increase of phytochelatin were examined. The concentration of Cu in the root was greater than in the leaf and the Cu concentration in Cu(NO_3)_2 treated plants was higher than in Cu(NO_3)_2 5mM treated plants as follows; in the case of Cu 5mM treated plants, the leaf was 5.04㎍/g and the root was 11.25㎍/g and in 10 mM treated plants, the leaf was 6.96㎍/g and the root was 13.91㎍/g. But, in the extract of the soluble protein of the leaf and root tissue of plants with extraction buffer (20mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0 and 10mM β-mercaptoethanol), the contcentration of Cu in the leaf was higher than in the root of plants. The phytochelatin (Cu-binding protein) was isolated from the tissue of leaf and root and chromatographed on the gel filtration resin Sephadex G100. The rate of increase of Cu-binding protein increased with increasing heavy-metal addition in nutrient solution as follows: Compared with that of the control, in the case of leaf, Cu 5mM treated extract was 202% and 10 mM treated extract was 222% and in root, Cu 5mM treated extract was 120% and 10 mM treated extract was 182%. And, it had a high UV absorption at 254 ㎚ and a low absorption at 280㎚.

고마리를 사용한 중금속 처리

강경홍,김인성 한국지하수토양환경학회 2000 지하수토양환경 Vol.5 No.1

고마리 서식지 토양 및 식물체 내치 중금속 함량을 조사한 결과, 서식처 토양 및 식물체 내에서 $Cd^{2+}$ 는 검출되지 않았으나 토양에서 $Pb^{2+}$는 약 7.8~12.6$mu\textrm{g}$/g로 검출되었고, 고마리의 잎에서 $Pb^{2+}$는 약 11.7~18.4$\mu\textrm{g}$/g, 줄기에서 약 7.5~15.5$\mu\textrm{g}$/g 그리고 뿌리에서 약 89.1~193.6$\mu\textrm{g}$/g로 검출되었다. 토양 내의 중금속 함량과 식물체 내의 중금속 농축량 사이에 상관계수(r)는 0.814(>t12. 0.01)로 정상관관계를 나타냈다. 고마리에 Cd$({NO_3})_2$와 Pb$({NO_3})_2$를 5와 10mM로 처리한 후, 식물체의 잎에서 중금속 함량을 분석한 결과, $Cd^{2+}$와 $Pb^{2+}$는 각각 약 0.82~2.79$mu\textrm{g}$/g와 약 2.87~8.08$mu\textrm{g}$/g로 검출되었다. 고마리 배양 후 실험토양 내의 중금속 잔류량은 $Cd^{2+}$의 경우 약 77.1~90.2%로 감소되었고, $Pb^{2+}$의 경우 약 81.1~85.7%로 감소되었다. 고마리에 중금속 물질을 처리한 후 유도.생성되는 Phytochelatin은 중금속 물질을 처리함에 따라 그 상대생성량이 증가하였다. 이들의 분자량은 $Cd^{2+}$를 처리한 경우 약 4,300~8,600da그리고 $Pb^{2+}$를 처리한 경우 약 3,200~9,700da이었다. For the consideration of phytoremediation, $Cd^{2+}$ and Pb$^{2+}$ were analysed in the soil of the habitats and the leaf stem and root of Persicaria thunbergii in the different localities of Bong-Dong river In the soil and plant samples of research areas, $Cd^{2+}$ was not detected but, $Pb^{2+}$ detected as follows; about 7.5~15.5$mu\textrm{g}$/g in the soil of habitats, about 11.7~18.4 $mu\textrm{g}$/g in the leaf, about 7.~15.5$mu\textrm{g}$/g in the stem and about 89.1~193.6$\mu\textrm{g}$/g in the root of P. thunebrgii and the correlation coefficient value between the $Pb^{2+}$ contents in soil and P. thunbergii was 0.814(>t12, 0.01). After P thunbergii was treated with Cd(NO$_3$)$_2$and Pb(NO$_3$)$_2$of 5 and 10mM, the bioaccumulation of $Cd^{2+}$ and $Pb^{2+}$ in the leaf of plant, the remaining mass of heavy metals and the variation of pH in the soil, and the increasing rate(%) of phytochelatin in plant were examined. The concentrations of $Cd^{2+}$and $Pb^{2+}$ in the leaf as follows, in the case of $Cd^{2+}$ about 0.82~2.79$\mu\textrm{g}$/g and in $Pb^{2+}$, about 2.87~8.08$\mu\textrm{g}$/g. The remaining mass of heavy metals and the variation of pH in the cultured soil decreased as follows; about 77.1% and pH6.39 in $Cd^{2+}$ 5mM, about 90.2% and pH5.79 in $Cd^{2+}$ 10mM, about 81.1% and pH6.00 in $Pb^{2+}$ 5mM and about 85.7% and pH5.80 in Pb$^{2+}$ 10mM. The phytochelatin were increased in plant samples treated with 10mM Cd(NO$_3$)$_2$and Pb(NO$_3$)$_2$as follows; about 259% by $Cd^{2+}$ and about 305% by Pb$^{2+}$ be compared with control. and the molecular weight(da) of these phytochelatins were estimated about 4,300~8,600da in the case of the treatment of $Cd^{2+}$ and about 3,200~9,700 in $Pb^{2+}$..