아버지의 짐바리 자전거

구연식 문예운동사 2020 문예운동 Vol.- No.147

醫療過失責任의 民事法的 性質

具然植 朝鮮大學校 敎育大學院 1986 敎育論叢 Vol.2 No.3

韓國 民謠에 나타난 諧謔性 考察

具然軾 東亞大學校 1978 東亞論叢 Vol.15 No.1

In examining the elements of humor as reflected in Korea ballads in the aspect of the inclination and structure of consciousness of the Korean people, I have found out that our ballads are so imbued with humour that it is extremely difficult clearly classify national disposition and consciousness acted upon by a sense of humour. However, as a result of close examination, I have come out with roughly four types of humour. First, it comes in the form of suppressive consciousness. Foremost is a sinse of humour related to sexuality, which arouses a wide appeal among people. Second, it is revealed in various emotions such as curse, toleration, love, seperation and even death, the last of which clearly shows an aspect of national character that the Koreans indulge themselves in humour. Third, it works through nature, and people describes it as an embodiment of the childishness of an imperfect, innocent and foolish child, thereby feeling themselves closely related and even united with it. Fourth, in terms of technique it is achieved by word-play. This indicates a mastery of language in bringing out humour, and the excellence of artistic quality with which our race is endowed.

DADAISM과 李箱文學

具然軾 東亞大學校 1967 東亞論叢 Vol.4 No.-

It mat be safely said that Korean literature took a turn for the modern from the classic with Lee Injik's first attempt in "new" and Choi Namsun's "new-styled" poetry, which appeared in 1905 and 1908 respectively. After that, stimulated by their example, a number literary journals such as "Changjo", "Paehuh", "Baekjo", and "KAP" were created one by one, coming in and going out of the literary scene. It was not, howeverm util 1931 when Yi Sang wrote "A Bird's-eye View" that Korean literature entered a modern era in the true sense of the word. This epock-making work was characterized by Dadaism which was initiated in Switzland in 1914. In this paper I attempted to provide a key to a proper understanding of his difficult work by way of groping into the background of his time, jis character, to raise a crucial question, "Why did he introduce Dadaism in his art?" As part of this scheme, particularly I endeavoured to illustrate the fact we cannot discuss him reasonably without understanding the essential characteristics of Dadaism. August, 1967.

학교장의 성격과 리더십과의 관계

구연식 참마음교육학회 2006 未來敎育硏究 Vol.13 No.1

이 연구의 목적은 학교장들의 성격유형과 변혁적 리더십 유형과의 관계를 분석하기 위한 것이다. 학교장 100명을 대상으로 자료를 모았으며, 구체적으로 첫째, 학교장들은 어떤 성격유형이 많은지를 MBTI 성격유형을 통해 분석하였고, 둘째, 학교장의 성격유형과 변혁적 리더십과의 관계 분석, 셋째, 성격유형에 따른 변혁적 리더십의 차이를 분석하였다. 이 연구결과는 학교장들은 STJ유형이 많은 것으로 나타났으며, 리더십의 하위요소간의 관계는 SN유형이 변혁적 리더십에 가장 많은 영향을 미치며, JP, EI, TF유형도 영향을 미친 다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이 연구를 통해 학교장들이 자기 자신을 이해한다면 구성원들과 대면하면서 조직을 변혁시키고 재활력화 하여 직원들로 하여금 사기와 동기를 부여하여 학 교에 몰입하도록 하는 변혁적 리더십에 커다란 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relations between leader's personality and transformational leadership styles. Data were collected from 100 supervisor. MBTI Form G was used as the investigation method for personality types and translated Podsakoff(1990)'s TCL(Transformational and Charismatic Leadership -self assessment) was used to measure transformational leadership. This study has found that there are more Extraversion(55%), Introversion(45%), Sensing(69%), iNtuition(31%), Thinking(56%), Feeling(44%), Judging(71%), Perceiving(29%) types among supervisor. Among MBTI 16 personality types ESTJ(20%) was most common and ISTJ(16%) was the second. There are relationship between MBTI personality types and transformational leadership behavior.

큰아버지의 입학 선물

구연식 문예운동사 2020 수필시대 Vol.18 No.겨울

소녀와 메뚜기

구연식 문예운동사 2020 수필시대 Vol.17 No.봄

韓國다다이즘 (Dadaism)의 比較文學的 硏究 : With Emphasis on Yi Sang's Poetry

具然軾 東亞大學校 1975 東亞論叢 Vol.12 No.1

Essays and critical interpretations on and about Yi San the writer and his works amount to more than 100 pieces. This is a literary event with no precedents in the history of Korean literature, an event that also tells that any great work produced by a genius survives long. Yi Sang's literature contacts with the trend of the then Western modernistic literature through some Japanese modernistic writers, and it is in this literature of this that the readers could trace back to the spiritual course he pursued in his efforts to overcome the backwardness of the Korean literature of his period. His works, particularly his poetical works, contain many hard problems which apt to put his critics at a loss in interpreting them. To help solve these difficult problems, this thesis attempts to throw light on the channels through which Yi sang was supposed to embrace the modern Western literary trends which directly concern themselves with his poetry. It also delves into the characteristics of the trends so as to analyze the spirit and the methodology of his trends so as to analyze the spirit and the methodology of his poetry. This sort of study on his poetry necessitates classification of Korean literature into the contemporary and modern-age periods and the literary characteristics of these two periods brought out under this classification will eventually contribute to making modern Korean literature understood more clearly, as well as to locating the principles underlying his abstruse poetry. This thesis places emphasis on the study of Yi Sang's poetry. The contemporary features and the social traits of the 1930s, the period during which he produced many of his works, are also surveyed. Dadaism which influenced him most in poetry makes the core of this thesis, so that greater attention was paid to the study of it. In this thesis, the method used for the study of comparative literature was chiefly employed, although other methods such as those of New Criticism and descriptive criticism were sought in view of analyzing his individual works. The present author, however, did not make light of the mental aspects of the works, since Dadaism is, after all, a state of mind. Toward the end of the nineteenth century, various artistic tends of the West were fused into two main currents, namely, Symbolism in poetry and Neo Impressionism in fine art and these in turn gave rise to diverse artistic trends of this century. Among these, Cubism, Futurism, Dadaism and Surrealism have direct and indirect connections with Yi Sang's poetry. Cubism was one of the fine art movements of the period with such painters as Picasso and Braque as its center. Max Jocob, Jean Cocteau, Andre' Salmon of the group wrote poems beside drawing pictures. The methods of Cubism were applied to poetry composition. They are formalization of poetry, analysis, disintegration and reconstruct, synchronous co-existence, geometrical abstraction, and so forth. The methods of futurism applied to poetry composition are dynamic aesthetic, free word, wireless imagination and so forth. Various situations of Dadaism in different countries and the motivations which caused the ism to come into being are as follows: Objectivism and irony cast toward machine civilization mark New York Dada. Ready-made, layoutgram and nihilistic ideas are its characteristics. Berlin Dada has a lively yet strong political coloring resulting from the revolutionary atmosphere after the defeat in war. Paris Dada which attempted at linguistic cultivation developed Antiart movement most livelily. It later disbanded into three groups, each led by F. Picabia, T. tZARA AND a, Breton respectively. In 1924, Breton established Surrealism, into which Dada seems absorbed. During the First World War Zurich Dada was formed by such pacifists as Hugo Ball, Tristan Tzara, Hans Arp and so on. They revolted against the social and political contradictions in the nineteenth century and destroyed traditional concepts transmitted down to that century. They also denied traditional arts. Zurich Dada is the home of all Dadas. Takahashi Sinkichi developed Japan form France. He brought it to Japan from France. In 1924, Takahashi came to Korea, met Ko Han-yong to whom he introduced dadaism. As a result of this, Ko in turn introduced it to Korea, particularly to such writers as Im Hwa, Kim Yo-su and Chong Yong-gu. Ko was at the head of these writers in the movement, but they produced few works. It is in Yi Sang's poems written during the 1930s that dadaism was fully reflected in Korea. Dadaism was thus brought to Korea through France and Japan. The present author tried to trace the course of transmission in full detail in this thesis. The present author believes that to understand Yi Sang's poetry, one needs to study the spirit of dadaism with proper approaches. What is the spirit of dadaism, then ? The answer may be summed up as follows: the spirit of dadaism is the one that creates an entirely new spirit of creating art necessary to establish a new image of man equipped with the twentieth-century-type attributes by destroying the traditional political, social and artistic conventions prevalent in the nineteenth century. Therefore, this spirit is rather destructive than creative. To set up this form of art, writers adopted such a degree of nonsensical, nihilistic, irrational, clamorous, demonstrative, anti-moral, anti-social and disorderly expressions that this form of art contained more anti-art elements than that of the nineteenth century art. The present writer finds dada spirit reflected in many of Yi Sang's poems. There are poeme simaltane, poeme chainon, poeme sonnore and poeme statistique in his works. Yi Sang also wrote poems containing anti-poetry elements or poems governed by rules found by chance. By this the present author does not mean that Yi Sang followed Westernstyle dada sprit and approaches alone in composing his poems. There are other aspects of the spirit and approaches peculiar to him since Yi Sang, a graduate of a technological high school was a born poet of Korea. In concluding, the author should like to add that of the many Western influences exercised on modern Korean literature, few of them have been put under strict and substantial researches. This accounts for his emphasis placed on the investigation into the path of Dada's introduction to Korean in this thesis. Also, with comparative literature method, explanations were given to Cubism, Futurism and Dadaism along with their connections with Yi Sang's poetry. These alone, this writer believes, will enable a full interpretation of Yi Sang's abstruse poetry.

당선소감/추천의 말

구연식,김병권,김학,성기조,오정순,윤주홍 문예운동사 2019 수필시대 Vol.15 No.가을

身體 訓練이 血漿 脂質들에 미치는 影響

具然植 동국대학교 교육대학원 1990 교육논총 Vol.10 No.-