1920년대 해외 기행문을 통해 본 식민지 근대의 내면 형성경로

차혜영 국어국문학회 2004 국어국문학 Vol.- No.137

This thesis considers formation of modern and self in 1920's abroad travel literature. The korean colonial modern is necessary to consider not as a point of korean-japan state but as apoint af world-sistem. In 1910-1920's many travel literature had created by student studying abroad. This student studying abroad-travel writer was influencial group in korean modern world-sistem. Subject in colonial modern was formed by separation and elimination in interior, evasion of cognition that self identity is colony, and remove of 내선일체(one body-japan-chosun)

김치 제조 및 포장방법에 따른 저장성 변화

김혜자,나영아,양차범 漢陽大學校 韓國生活科學硏究所 2000 韓國 生活 科學 硏究 Vol.- No.18

Large packaged Kimchi (bulk product, 3kg, 5kg) and small packaged Kimchi were made with adding development new spice for improving preservation of Kimchi when blending with other sub-material (0.5% of total Kimchi material weight). It was studied pH, total acidity, change of microorganism, change of gas pressure during Kimchi fermentation and sensory properties with various factor for maturation. The change of pH in large packaged Kimchi was shown higher level than other experimental group in cold preserve BB-1 group after 24hrs mature with adding new spice. The same result can be made PA-2 group with new spice, vaccume packing for 4 sec which doesn't have maturation. BB-1 group and PA-2 group are the lowest level in total acidity, large packed Kimchi and small packed Kimchi, separately. As the result of studying changes of microorganism and gas pressure in inner packing, PA-2 group was the lowest in the inner pressure and be shown to inhibit growth of Lactobacillus sp. group and Yeast, to activate growth of Leuconostoc sp. group. relatively. The result of sensory test is the same with change of microorganism. BB∼1 group with 24hrs mature in the preserve container after adding new spice made original Kimchi which had the best taste and odor in large packing. PA-2 group which doesn't have mature, vaccume packing, cold preserve at 4℃ after adding new spice considering sanitation and working efficiency made much more nice result in small packing. In evaluation of total acceptability, experimental groups with adding new spice (PA-2, PB-2) were significantly (P<0.005) highed between CB-2 which mature and packing without new spice.

노인의 영적 간호요구

최미혜,김경희,김귀옥,김기숙,김수강,김정신,김춘숙,노흥진,박지연,성혜연,오명선,이선희,이원옥,이윤영,이현수,장명재,차혜경,채정선,홍상희 중앙대학교 의과대학 간호학과 간호과학연구소 2001 중앙간호논문집 Vol.5 No.1

This study was designed to exam the aged's needs for spiritual nursing care. The purpose was to serve as a basis for the development of spiritual nursing practice. The major findings are as follows : 1. The degree of needs for spiritual nursing care as area was that needs of love and relationship mean 22.0, needs of meaning and object mean 28.2, needs of forgiving mean 13.5. Total needs for spiritual nursing care mean 63.7, which was on the upper middle level. The needs of meaning and object was rated highest. 2. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of love and relatiohship wasn't significanlty different. 3. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of meaning and object was significantly different according to two factors : age(F=7.260, p=0.001), religion(F=5.275, p=0.001). Higher needs of meaning and object was possessed by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other. 4. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, four factors made a significantly difference to needs of forgiving : sex(t=-2.851, p=0.006), age(F=8.201, p=0.001), religion(F=6.928, p=0.000), disease(t=2.327, p=0.024). Higher needs of forgiving was possessed by man than woman, by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other, by the one who have disease than the other.

병·의원에서 분리한 메티실린 내성 황색포도알균에서 SCCmec 유형과 Aminoglycoside 변형효소 유전자의 분포

정영희,김광욱,차정옥,이경민,유재일,유정식,김봉수,노영주,윤혜령,이영선 대한감염학회 2008 감염과 화학요법 Vol.40 No.1

목적 : 대부분의 AME 효소 유전자는 transposon이나 plasmid 상태로 전달되며 staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec) 내에도 삽입되어 있다. 최근 MRSA의 SCCmec 유형에 따라 다양한 내성유전자를 가지는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 따라서 1, 2차 의료기관에서 분리된 황색포도알균의 항생제 내성률을 조사하고 MRSA에서 SCCmec type에 따른 AME 효소 유전자의 분포를 확인하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 2004년 1, 2차 의료기관에서 분리된 황색포도알균 640주를 대상으로 methicillin의 내성유전자 mecA와 AME 효소 유전자 aac(6')-aph(2"), aph(3')-IIIa, ant(4')-Ia 등을 multiplex PCR 방법을 이용하여 확인하였다. 항생제 감수성 시험과 MIC 값은 한천배지 희석법으로 확인하였고 SCCmec type도 결정하였다. 결과 : 640주의 황색포도알균 중 MRSA을은 39.7%였으며 MRSA 분리주 모두 mecA 유전자가 검출되었다. Aminoglycoside 중 kanamycin, tobramycin에 대한 내성률은 98.1%이었고, gentamicin 68.7%, amikacin 30.8%, netilomicin 2.8%이었으며 vancomycm에는 모두 감수성이었다. Oxacillin MIC_50과 MIC_90은 각각 128 ug/mL, 256 ug/mL이었으며 254주의 MRSA 중 214주를 선별하여 AME 효소 유전자를 확인한 결과 aph(3')-IIIa 13.1%, aad(6')-aph(2") 77.1%, ant(4)-Ia 53.3%이었으며 SCCmec type에 따라서는 type II, type III, type IV가 각각 50.9%, 16.4%, 32.7%였다. SCCmec type에 따른 AME 효소 유전자의 분포는 SCCmec type II에서는 aac(6')-aph(2")와 aac(6')-aph(2")/ant(4')-Ia가 각각 49.5%, 36.7%에서 검출되었고 type III에서는 aph(3')-IIIa/aac(6')-aph(2")가 60%, aac(6')-aph(2")가 31.4%, type IV에서는 aac(6')-aph(2")/ant(4')-Ia와 ant(4')-Ia가 각각 41.4%, 50%로 나타났다. 결론 : 1, 2차 의료기관에서 분리한 황색포도알균 분리주의 메티실린 내성률은 39.7%이었다. MRSA 분리주 중 SCCmec type II와 III에서는 aac(6')-aph(2")가, SCCmec type IV에서는 ant(4')-Ia가 90% 이상 검출되어 SCCmec type과 AME 효소 유전자 분포와는 연관성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. Background : Many genes encoding aminoglycoside modifying enzymes (AMEs) on transposon or plasmid were transferred from one strain to another strain and inserted into a staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec). There are very diverse subtypes in SCCmec type to the insertion of resistant genes. Therefore, we researched the resistance rates of antibiotics and distribution of AME genes according to SCCmec type in MRSA strains. Materials and Methods : We isolated 640 Staphylococcus aureus from non-tertiary hospitals in 2004, detected mecA, aac(6')-aph(2"), aph(3')-llla, and ant(4')-la using the multiplex PCR method, tested antibacterial susceptibility disk diffusion and minimal inhibitory concentration, and determined SCCmec type. Results : Of 640 S. aureus isolates, MRSA rate was 39.7% and all MRSA isolates carried mecA gene. Among 214 MRSA selected, aminoglycoside-resistant rates were 98.1% in kanamycin and tobramycin, 68.7% in gentamicin, 30.8% in amikacin, and 2.8% in netilmicin. The detection rates for aac(6')-aph(2"), aph(3')-llla, and ant(4')-la were 77.1%, 13.1%, and 53.3%, respectively. Also, SCCmec type was 50.9% in SCCmec type II, 16.4% in type Ill, and 32.7% in type IV. The genes encoding AMEs were distributed aac(6')-aph(2") (49.5%) and aac(6')-aph(2")/ant(4')-la (36.7%) in SCCmec type II, aph(3')-llla/aaac(6')-aph(2") (60%) and aac(6')-aph(2") (31.4%) in type III, and aac(6')-aph(2")/ant(4')-la (41.4%) and ant(4')-la (50%) in type IV. Conclusion : 39.7% of S. aureus isolated from non-tertiary hospitals was resistant to methicillin. More than 90% of MRSA isolates were detected aac(6')-aph(2") in SCCmec type II and Ill, and ant(4')-la in type IV. With these results, the genes encoding AMEs may be closed related to SCCmec type.

김치의 제조 및 포장방법에 따른 저장성 변화

김혜자,나영아,양차범 韓陽大學校 韓國生活科學硏究所 2000 韓國 生活 科學 硏究 Vol.- No.18

김치의 보존성 향상을 위하여 개발된 새로운 양념을 김치원료 무게의 0.5%가 되게 다른 부재료 배합시 함께 첨가하여 대포장 김치(벌크 제품, 3kg, 5kg)와 소포장 김치(500g)를 각각 제조하였다. 포장단위에 따라 숙성, 저장 및 포장 조건을 달리하여 각 실험군간의 pH, 총산도, 미생물의 경시적인 변화, 김치발효 중 가스압력의 변화 및 관능검사 등의 특성을 비교 평가하였다. pH의 변화는 발효 28일째에 대포장 김치는 신규양념을 첨가하여 24시간 숙성 후 냉장 보관한 BB-1군에서, 소포장의 경우 신규양념을 첨가하여 숙성시키지 않고 4초간 진공포장한 PA-2 군이 다른 실험군보다 높은 수치를 나타냈으며, 총산도는 대포장 김치에서는 BB-l 군이, 소포장의 경우 PA-2군이 각각 0.79%와 0.78%로 산생성이 가장 낮았다. 포장내의 가스압력 및 미생물 변화를 조사한 결과 소포장의 경우 PA-2군이 타 실험군에 비해 내부압력이 가장 낮았고, 산패의 주요 원인 균주로 알려져 있는 Lactobacillus 屬과 군덕맛과 이취를 생성하는 균주로 알려져 있는 Yeast의 번식이 저해되었고, 김치의 상큼한 맛과 탄산미를 더해주는 Leuconostoc 屬의 번식은 상대적으로 촉진됨을 보였다. 대포장의 경우는 BB-1군이 신맛을 유발시키는 Lactobacillus 屬과 Yeast의 번식 정도가 상대적으로 낮았으며 Leuconostoc 屬의 번식은 상대적으로 높았다. 또한 관능검사 결과도 미생물의 변화와 일치하였는데, 대포장 김치의 경우 신규양념을 첨가하여 저장용기에 담아 24시간 숙성 후 포장한 BB-1군이 자연스럽게 국물이 생성되고 혐기적 환경이 조성되어 김치 고유의 맛과 향미가 가장 잘 유지되었으며, 소포장의 경우는 포장 작업시 위생적인 측면과 작업 효율적인 측면을 고려하여 신규양념을 첨가한 후 숙성시키지 않고 곧바로 진공포장하여 4℃에서 냉장 보관한 PA-2 군에서 김치의 맛과 향미를 월등히 향상시키는 이중 효과를 얻을 수 있었다. 그리고 전체적인 기호도는 신규양념을 첨가한 실험군(PA-2, PB-2)이 신규양념을 첨가하지 않고 숙성 후 포장한 CB-2 군 김치와 유의적인 차이(P<0.05)로 높게 평가되었다. Large packaged Kimchi (bulk product, 3kg, 5kg) and small packaged Kimchi were made with adding development new spice for improving preservation of Kimchi when blending with other sub-material (0.5% of total Kimchi material weight). It was studied pH, total acidity, change of microorganism, change of gas pressure during Kimchi fermentation and sensory properties with various factor for maturation. The change of pH in large packaged Kimchi was shown higher level than other experimental group in cold preserve BB-1 group after 24hrs mature with adding new spice. The same result can be made PA-2 group with new spice, vaccume packing for 4 see which doesn't have maturation. BB-1 group and PA-2 group are the lowest level in total acidity, large packed Kimchi and small packed Kimchi, separately. As the result of studying changes of microorganism and gas pressure in inner packing, PA-2 group was the lowest in the inner pressure and be shown to inhibit growth of Lactobacillus sp. group and Yeast, to activate growth of Leuconostoc sp. group. relatively. The result of sensory test is the same with change of microorganism. BB-1 group with 24hrs mature in the preserve container after adding new spice made original Kimchi which had the best taste and odor in large packing. PA-2 group which doesn't have mature, vaccume packing, cold preserve at 4℃ after adding new spice considering sanitation and working efficiency made much more nice result in small packing. In evaluation of total acceptability, experimental groups with adding new spice (PA-2, PB-2) were significantly (P<0.005) highed between CB-2 which mature and packing without new spice.

前腕部 經穴 取穴에서 骨度分寸法과 一夫法의 比較 硏究

박히준,채윤병,차웅석,박종배,이혜정,이향숙,인창식,고형균,김수영,최일환,김강식,문정배,배기태,유경환,육근영,정병주,손인철,임사비나 WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2004 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2004 No.-

Background : The cun measurement System, an essential and convenient method in locating acupoints, has been widely used in the practice of acupuncture. However, traditional cun measurement has been criticized for its lack of reliability. Objectives : The purposes of this study are to determine if one cun measured by the directional methods have a consistency with that of proportional methods and to investigate which factors are related with these differences, especially in forearm. Methods : The distance between the elbow crease and the wrist crease of forearm was compared to a reference value of one cun obtained by the directional method. In this method, one cun is one third of the distance between index finger and Small finger of a subject, measured at proximal interphalangeal joint. In addition, to investigate the factors influencing the differences between these two methods, we measured the height and body weight and calculated body mass index (BMI). Finally we analyzed the factors correlated with these lengths by linear regression test. Results : The results showed that one cun obtained by the directional methods were significantly different from one cun by the proportional methods in forearm. It was demonstrated that the length acquired with the directional method was more correlated with body weight and body mass index, while the length obtained by the proportional method was more correlated with the height.

조혈모세포이식 후 골성장인자의 변화 및 골대사에 미치는 영향 : Impact on Bone Mineral Metabolism

백기현,오은숙,오기원,이원영,김혜수,권순용,한제호,강무일,차봉연,이광우,손호영,강성구,김춘추 대한내분비학회 2002 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.17 No.5

연구배경: 각종 장기이식의 시행이 많아지고 이식 후 생존율이 증가함에 따라 이식 후 합병증에 대한 관심 또한 높아지고 있다. 조혈모세포이식 후에도 다양한 내분비적 합병증이 발생할 수 있으며 골격에 대한 합병증도 문제점으로 대두되고 있다. 조혈모세포 이식 후 발생하는 골소실에는 이식 후 초기의 골형성 저하와 골흡수 증가가 중요한 역할을 담당하리라고 추측되는데 이러한 골재형성불일치(biochemical uncoupling)에 골 성장인자들이 미치는 영향에 대해서는 알려진 바가 없다. 본 연구에서는 조혈모세포이식 전, 후로 말초 혈액에서 IGF-I, FGF-2, M-CSF같은 성장인자의 변화를 알아보고, 이들 성장인자의 변화가 조혈모세포이식 후의 골형과 골흡수에 미치는 영향 및 이식 후 발생되는 골량 소실과의 연관성을 확인해 보고자 하였다. 방법: 여러 가지 혈액질환으로 인해 동종 골수이식을 시행 받은 환자들을 전향적으로 관찰하였으며 이식 전 및 이식 후 1주, 2주, 3주, 4주 및 3개월, 6개월 1년에 말초 혈액에서 골교체표지자를 측정하였다. 이식 전 및 이식1년 후에 요추골 및 대퇴골 골밀도를 측정할 수 있었던 36명의 환자들을 대상으로 냉동 보관되어 있던 혈청을 이용하여 IGF-I, FGF-2 및 M-CSF를 시기별로 측정하였으며 이들 성장인자와 골교체표지자의 변화 및 골밀도 변화 사이의 상관관계를 확인하였다. 결과: 골흡수 표지자인 혈청 ICTP는 이식 전에 비해 이식 후 4주까지 점차 의의 있게 증가하다가 이후 6개월까지 더욱 증가한 후 감소하였다. 골형성 표지자인 osteocalcin은 이식 후 3주까지는 점차 감소하다가 이후 증가하여 이식 후 3개월 및 6개월에 기저치보다 통계적으로 유의하게 증가한 후 감소하였다. 혈청 IGF-I과 FGF-2는 각각 이식 후 3주 및 1주까지 의미있게 감소하다가 이후 증가하였으며 혈청 M-CSF는 이식 후 1주째에 기저치에 비해 의미 있게 증가하였다가 이후 기저치로 회복되었다. 이식 1년 후 평균 요추부 골밀도는 5.2% 감소하였고 평균 근위대퇴골 골밀도는 11.6% 감소하였다. 이식 전 및 이식 후 3주에 측정한 IGF-I과 같은 시기에 측정한 오스테오칼신 사이에 유의한 상관관계가 관찰되었으며 이식 후 3주째의 M-CSF와 골흡수표지자인 M-CSF 사이에서 의미 있는 양의 상관관계를 관찰할 수 있었다. 이식 후 3주 및 3개월에 IGF-I이 낮은 환자일수록 이식 1년 후 근위대퇴골에서의 골소실이 많은 것으로 분석되었다. 결론: 조혈모세포이식 후 발생하는 골소실에는 기존에 알려진 기저질환의 영향, 성호르몬의 감소, 면역억제의 투여, 골수기질세포와 조골세포의 손상 및 이식초기 사이토카인의 변화이외에도 골성장인자가 관련이 있음을 확인하였고, 이는 이식 후 발생되는 골량소실에 중요한 역할을 할 것이라고 사료된다. Background: A loss of bone mass is usually detected after a bone marrow transplantation (BMT), especially during the early post-transplant period. We recently reported that enhanced bone resorption following a BMT was related to both the steroid dose and the increase in IL-6. We also suggested damage to the marrow stromal microenvironment, by myoablation, partly explains the impaired bone formation following a BMT. It is well known that some growth factor play important role in bone growth and osteogenesis. However, the pathogenetic role of bone growth factors in post-BMT bone loss is unknown and data on the changes in the growth factors, in accordance with bone turnover markers and bone mineral density (BMD) changes are scarce. We investigated changes in bone growth factors such as IGF-I (Insulin-like growth factor-I), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and Macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), during the post-BMT period, and assessed whether the growth factor changes influenced the bone turnover and post-BMT bone loss. The present study is the first prospective study to describe the changes in bone growth factors following a BMT. Methods: We prospectively investigated 110 patients undergoing a BMT, and analyzed 36 patients (32.4±1.3 years, 17 men and 19 women) whose BMDs were measured before, and 1 year after, the BMT. The serum biochemical markers of bone turnover were measured before, 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks, 3 and 6 months, and 1 year, after the BMT. The serum, FGF-2, IGF-I and M-CSF levels were measured before and 1 and 3 weeks, and 3 months after the BMT. The correlation between the changes of growth factors and various bone parameters was analyzed. Results: The mean bone losses in the lumbar spine and total proximal femur, calculated as the percentage change from the baseline to the level at 1 year, were 5.2(p<0.05) and 11.6%(p<0.01), respectively. the serum type I carboxyterminal telopeptide(ICTP), a bone resorption marker, increased progressively until 6 months after the BMT, but thereafter decreased, to the base value after 1 year. Serum osteocalcin, a bone formation marker, decreased progressively, until 3 weeks after the BMT but then increased transiently, and finally returned to the base level at 1 year. The serum IGF-I and FGF-2 also decreased progressively until 3 weeks 1 week after the BMT, respectively, then increased to the base values at 3 months. The serum M-CSF increased briskly at 1 week post-BMT, then decreased to the base level. There were positive correlations between the percentage changes from the baseline proximal femur BMD and the IGF-I levels 3 weeks and 3 months (r=0.52, p<0.01, r=0.41, p<0.05) post BMT. A significant correlation was found between the IGF-I and osteocalcin levels pre-BMT, and 3 weeks after the BMT. Another positive correlation was found between the M-CSF and the ICTP levels at 3 weeks post BMT (r=0.54, p<0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, there were significant changes in the serum IGF-I, FGF-2 and M-CSF levels in the immediate post-BMT period, which were related to a decrease in bone formation and loss in the proximal femoral BMD during the year following the BMT (J Kor Soc Endocrinol 17:664∼674, 2002).

조혈모세포이식술이 골수기질세포의 기원 및 조골세포로의 증식 및 분화에 미치는 효과

강무일,조성원,오은숙,백기현,이원영,오기원,김혜수,한제호,윤건호,차봉연,이광우,손호영,강성구,김춘추 대한내분비학회 2000 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.15 No.4·5

회맹장 및 대장을 침범한 장 결핵에 있어서 바륨을 이용한 방사선 이중조영촬영 소견에 대한 연구

진용현,전혜정,이용근,강철호,조성범,김윤환,박철민,차상훈,김일영,이혜경 건국대학교 의과학연구소 2002 건국의과학학술지 Vol.12 No.-

To determine the characteristic double contrast barium enema findings of ileo-cecal and colonic tuberculosis and to make differential diagnosis from other bowel inflammatory disease. Sixty-seven patients confirmed as ileo-cecal and/or colonic-tuberculosis in six hospitals were evaluated retrospectively. The diagnosis was proven by endoscopic biopsy, surgery, and clinical follow up. Nine of 67 patients were excluded because radiologic findings were normal though endocopic biopsy examinations resulted in tuberculosis. Histopathological diagnosis were madein 58 cases as follows: endoscopic biopsy(n=29), operation(n=12), follow up examination(n=14), tissue culture(n=1), laparoscopic biopsy(n=2). There were 30 men and 28 females. The mean age were 36 yrs(range:16-67), 34 patients were in the second and third decade. The distribution of lesions, morphological characteristics, mucosal changes, ulcer shape and depth, associated with other tuberculous lesion, multiplicity were retrospectively analyzed in the findngs of double contrast barim enema. The commonest clinical symptoms were abdominal pain(n=35, 60%) and diarrhea(n=18, 31%). The chest radiography revealed association of pulmonary tuberculosis in 39 cases. Tuberculous lesions of other organs except chest were present in five cases. Double contrast barium enema findings showed a thickening and irregularity of intestinal mucosal fold(n=29, 50%), bowel contraction and/or shortening(n=26, 45%). There were small, nodular, superficial ulcers in the case of ulcer depth less than 2 mm in the depth. As many as 39 cases(67%) in this series had two or more lesions in the intestinal tuberculosis. The involved segment revealed symmetrical feature(n=21, 36%). Inflammatory pseudopolypoid lesions were noted in 30 cases(52%). The ileo-cecal region was involved in 38 cases(66%). The ascending colon(n=25, 43%) was the second commonest site with or without contiguous cecal involvement. Lesions in terminal ileum, ileo-cecal valve, transverse colon, descending colon and appendix were seen in 19, 18, 18, 12 and seven cases, respectively. Among 18 cases of ileo-cecal valve lesions, there were incompetency in nine cases(16%) and wide gapping in four cases(7%). In 14 cases, tuberculous enterocolitis was diagnosed by clinical follow-up and double contrast barium enema study. 12 out of 14 cases, the findings of double contrast barium enema of tuberculous enterocolitis were normalized after anti-tuberculous medication. However, two cases showed more aggravated state than before due to inappropriate treatment. Double contrast barium enema plays an important role in the diagnosis of tuberculous enterocolitis, determines the type, site and extent of the involvement and helps in treatment guide by using sequential studies.

[PD-0017] Mutation of GmIPK1 Gene using CRISPR/Cas9 Reduced Phytic Acid Content in Soybean Seeds

Hye Jeong Kim(Hye Jeong Kim),Ji Hyeon Song(Ji Hyeon Song),Gilok Shin(Gilok Shin),Hyeonjin Song(Hyeonjin Song),Ji Eun Lee(Ji Eun Lee),Cha Young Kim(Cha Young Kim),Young-Soo Chung(Young-Soo Chung) 한국육종학회 2022 한국육종학회 공동학술발표집 Vol.2022 No.-