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강보석,김민제,( Ziang Wu ),우한영,조정호 한국공업화학회 2019 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2019 No.1
Replacement of toxic chlorinated solvents with eco- and humanfriendly green solvents is an important task for the successful implemention of next-generation polymer electronics technology. Herein, we synthesized five aqueous-solvent-processable conjugated copolymers by incorporating linear or branched oligo(ethylene glycol) side chains and systematically investigated their material and electronic properties. The resulting benzothiadiazole-based copolymers were well-soluble in both an ethanol/water mixed solvent, and their thin films showed distinct morphologies and crystalline characteristics that resulted from the self-assembling properties of the engineered side chains. Moreover, the copolymers showed excellent electrical characteristics with high hole mobilities of up to 0.1 ㎠ V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>. These results clearly demon strate the immense potential of branched oligo(ethylene glycol) side chains for application in green electronics. Keywords: oligoethylene glycol, side-chain engineering
Lee, Seungjin,Kim, Youngwoong,Wu, Ziang,Lee, Changyeon,Oh, Seung Jin,Luan, Nguyen Thanh,Lee, Junbok,Jeong, Dahyun,Zhang, Kai,Huang, Fei,Kim, Taek-Soo,Woo, Han Young,Kim, Bumjoon J. American Chemical Society 2019 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.11 No.48
<P>Aqueous-processed all-polymer solar cells (aq-APSCs) are reported for the first time by developing a series of water/ethanol-soluble naphthalenediimide (NDI)-based polymer acceptors [P(NDIDEG-T), P(NDITEG-T), and P(NDITEG-T2)]. Polymer acceptors are designed by using the backbones of NDI-bithiophene and NDI-thiophene in combination with nonionic hydrophilic oligoethylene glycol (OEG) side chains that facilitate processability in water/ethanol mixtures. All three polymers exhibit sufficient solubility (20-50 mg mL<SUP>-1</SUP>) in the aqueous medium. The P(NDIDEG-T) polymer with shorter OEG side chains is the most crystalline with the highest electron mobility, enabling the fabrication of efficient aq-APSCs with the maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.15%. Furthermore, these aq-APSCs are fabricated under ambient atmosphere by taking advantage of the eco-friendly aqueous process and, importantly, the devices exhibit outstanding air-stability without any encapsulation, as evident by maintaining more than 90% of the initial PCE in the air after 4 days. According to a double cantilever beam test, the interfacial adhesion properties between the active layer and electron/hole transporting layers were remarkably improved by incorporating the hydrophilic OEG-attached photoactive layer, which hinders the delamination of the constituent layers and prevents the increase of series resistance, ultimately leading to enhanced durability under ambient conditions. The combination of increased device stability and minimal environmental impact of these aq-APSCs demonstrates them to be worthy candidates for continued development of scalable polymer solar cells.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Feng, Kui,Zhang, Xianhe,Wu, Ziang,Shi, Yongqiang,Su, Mengyao,Yang, Kun,Wang, Yang,Sun, Huiliang,Min, Jie,Zhang, Yujie,Cheng, Xing,Woo, Han Young,Guo, Xugang American Chemical Society 2019 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.11 No.39
<P>Imide functionalization is one of the most effective approaches to develop electron-deficient building blocks for constructing n-type organic semiconductors. Driven by the attractive properties of imide-functionalized dithienylbenzodiimide (TBDI) and the promising device performance of TBDI-based polymers, a novel acceptor with increased electron affinity, fluorinated dithienylbenzodiimide (TFBDI), was designed with the hydrogen replaced by fluorine on the benzene core, and the synthetic challenges associated with this highly electron-deficient fluorinated imide building block are successfully overcome. TFBDI showed suppressed frontier molecular orbital energy levels as compared with TBDI. Copolymerizing this new electron-withdrawing TBDI with various donor co-units afforded a series of n-type polymer semiconductors TFBDI-T, TFBDI-Se, and TFBDI-BSe. All these TFBDI-based polymers exhibited a lower-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level than the polymer analogue without fluorine. When applied in organic thin-film transistors, three polymers showed unipolar electron transport with large on-current/off-current ratios (<I>I</I><SUB>on</SUB>/<I>I</I><SUB>off</SUB>) of 10<SUP>5</SUP>-10<SUP>7</SUP>. Among them, the selenophene-based polymer TFBDI-Se with the deepest-positioned LUMO and optimal chain stacking exhibited the highest electron mobility of 0.30 cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>-1</SUP> s<SUP>-1</SUP>. This result demonstrates that the new TFBDI is a highly attractive electron-deficient unit for enabling n-type polymer semiconductors, and the fluorination of imide-functionalized arenes offers an effective approach to develop more electron-deficient building blocks in organic electronics.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Li, Yuxiang,Kim, Minseok,Wu, Ziang,Lee, Changyeon,Lee, Young Woong,Lee, Jin-Woo,Lee, Young Jun,Wang, Ergang,Kim, Bumjoon J.,Woo, Han Young The Royal Society of Chemistry 2019 Journal of Materials Chemistry C Vol.7 No.6
<P>In order to understand the influence of molecular ordering and orientation on the performance of nonfullerene (NF) solar cells, we synthesized a series of difluoroquinoxaline-based alternating copolymers: starting from poly(2,2′-bithiophene-<I>alt</I>-(2,3-bis(3,4-bis(octyloxy)phenyl)-6,7-difluoroquinoxaline)) (PDFQx-2T), we modified the polymeric backbone by incorporating fluorine atoms (PDFQx-2T2F) or thiophene (PDFQx-3T) or a benzene ring (PDFQx-2TB) in the bithiophene comonomeric unit. The structure modification significantly affected the photovoltaic performance with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 3.95% for PDFQx-2TB:ITIC, 4.82% for PDFQx-2T:ITIC, 4.93% for PDFQx-2T2F:ITIC and 8.13% for PDFQx-3T:ITIC. The dramatic increase in the PCE of PDFQx-3T:ITIC was attributed to improvements in the short-circuit current density (<I>J</I>SC) and fill factor (FF). From the resonant soft X-ray scattering and grazing incidence X-ray scattering measurements, the PDFQx-3T polymers had well-developed, face-on oriented crystallites, allowing the formation of face-to-face alignment with the face-on ordered ITIC molecules at the interfaces. Also, the PDFQx-3T:ITIC blend films exhibited well intermixed blend morphology with smaller domain spacings. These combined features contributed to efficient charge generation with the highest exciton dissociation probability among the four different polymer:ITIC systems. In addition, dominant face-on orientation of both PDFQx-3T polymers and ITIC acceptors with a balanced crystalline coherence length ratio (CCLpolymer/CCLITIC) (0.87, based on the out-of-plane (010) diffraction peaks of PDFQx polymers and ITIC acceptors) led to a more balanced charge mobility than other blends, explaining the highest <I>J</I>SC and FF in the PDFQx-3T:ITIC NF devices.</P>
김창균,강현범,최나연,이승진,김영권,김진우,Ziang Wu,우한영,김범준 한국고분자학회 2021 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.46 No.1
Environmental-friendly organic solar cells based on alcohol-soluble conjugated materials have recently received great research attention. In this work, newly synthesized alcohol-soluble C70-based fullerene derivative (PC71BO15) for eco-PSCs processed is presented. The PCEs of PPDT2FBT-A:PC71BO15-based eco-PSCs up to 2.51%, which is the top value reported to date for aqueously processed PSCs, was achieved due to the desirable stacking behavior and enhanced photon absorption ability. At the optimized water/ethanol composition (v/v = 15:85), the PCE of the PC71BO15-based eco-PSCs is 72% higher than that of the PC61BO15-based counterparts, due to improved light absorption. More importantly, the PC71BO15-based eco-PSCs show much better tolerance in their PCEs to the water/ethanol ratio. For example, PC71BO15-based eco-PSCs at a 30:70 water/ethanol ratio maintain 89% of the optimum performance at a 15:85 ratio, whereas only 45% for PC61BO15-based devices. Different aggregation behaviors between PC71BO15 and PC61BO15 in blend film induced large difference in terms of water-tolerant behavior, which is carefully explored by electrical, optical and morphological characterizations. The PC71BO15-based eco-PSCs with eco/human-friendly water/alcohol processing in ambient conditions can have excellent photovoltaic performances reproducibility due to the high water composition-tolerance.
박진수,김창균,강현범,최나연,이승진,김영권,김진우,( Ziang Wu ),우한영,김범준 한국공업화학회 2020 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2020 No.-
In this work, the development of an aqueous-processable C70-based fullerene derivative (PC71BO15) for eco-friendly polymer solar cells (eco-PSCs) processed by water/ethanol co-solvents is reported. The PCEs of PC71BO15-based eco-PSCs up to 2.51%, which is the highest value reported to date for water/ethanol processed PSCs, was achieved due to the promising aggregation characteristics and improved light absorbing ability. At the optimized water volume 15% co-solvent, the PCE of the PC71BO15-based eco-PSCs is 73% higher than that of the PC61BO15-based counterparts, as a result of enhanced light absorption. More importantly, the PC71BO15-based eco-PSCs show much higher tolerance in their PCEs to the water/ethanol composition. The PC71BO15-based eco-PSCs with eco/human-friendly aqueous processing in ambient conditions is able to have excellent photovoltaic performances scalability due to the promising water content-tolerance.