On the Modernity of Willa Cather’s My Ántonia

( Zhang¸ Bin ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2020 영어권문화연구 Vol.13 No.1

Willa Cather is a prominent female novelist in the early of the 20th century, when the modernist novel was taking its form and expanding its influence. Though it is mostly for her realistic and stylistic writing that Willa Cather takes an important place in American literature, her work My Ántonia bears the stamp of modernism both in the writing techniques and the modernist theme. In this paper, My Ántonia’s modernity was analyzed from the use of modernist techniquepolyphony and the modernist theme of people's existential dilemma and the motif of death. To begin with, the characters in this novel have their own independent consciousness and can voice their own understanding of the world equally and freely, and therefore, My Ántonia is definitely what Bakhtin called the “polyphonic novel”. Besides, Jimmy’s life trajectory manifested the modern people’s existential dilemma in the capitalist society. Last but not the least, the motif of death keeps recurring in this novel, which is quite impressive and symbolic. The death story symbolizes the despair of the migrants in America superficially, the despair of the human beings in the large and deep.

ENVIRONMENTAL DYNAMICS IN AN INTEGRATED WALRASIAN-GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM AND NEOCLASSICAL-GROWTH THEORY

Wei-Bin Zhang 중앙대학교 경제연구소 2014 Journal of Economic Development Vol.39 No.3

This study deals with interactions of economic growth and environmental change with heterogeneous households. The analytical framework is built by integrating the three important theories in economics - the Walrasian general equilibrium theory, the neoclassical growth theory, and the neoclassical growth model with endogenous environment. The three theories are integrated by applying Zhang’s approach to household behavior. The economic system consists of one capital goods sector, one consumer goods sector, one environmental sector, and any number (of types) of households. The motion is described by a set of differential equations. For illustration, we simulated the motion of the economic system with three groups. The comparative analyses provide some insights into the complexity of economic growth with environment. For instance, the study by Grossman and Krueger (1995, p. 353) identifies no evidence that “environmental quality deteriorates steadily with economic growth.” Our simulation indicates that although the conclusion made by Crossman and Krueger holds for the national economy, but is invalid for a certain group.

Experimental study on the combined effects of obstacles and local water mist on gas explosion for maritime safety

Zhang Bin,Li Zhuoran,Xia Yuanchen,Shi Jihao,Zhang Jinnan,Wang Boqiao,Yu Jiahang,Qu Yanxu,Chen Li,Lin Yejin,Wu Wanqing 대한조선학회 2022 International Journal of Naval Architecture and Oc Vol.14 No.1

A variety of experimental configurations including different water mist obstacles, are used to investigate the combined effects of obstacles and water mist upon the gas explosion. The results demonstrate the 8 mm water mist can significantly inhibit the deflagration, while both 45 mm and 80 mm water mists exhibit the opposite effect under all the locally distributed positions of water spray nozzle without obstacles inside the vessel. When considering the obstacles, the 45 mm water mist starts to mitigate the deflagration and its mitigation effect is more significant than that induced by the 8 mm water mist. What's more, the 80 mm water mist can slow down the flame propagation speed while it would still lead to the gas explosion. Additionally, there remains unchanged about the effect of locally spraying 8 mm water mist upon deflagration at the initial stage of flame development as varying the position of obstacles, while the effects of mitigating deflagration by 45 mm and 80 mm water mist are decreased. The results will make contributions to design the arrangement of equipment and water mist configuration on the offshore platform or NG-fueled ship's engine room so as to mitigate the gas explosion accident.

9.73% Efficiency Nonfullerene All Organic Small Molecule Solar Cells with Absorption-Complementary Donor and Acceptor

Bin, Haijun,Yang, Yankang,Zhang, Zhi-Guo,Ye, Long,Ghasemi, Masoud,Chen, Shanshan,Zhang, Yindong,Zhang, Chunfeng,Sun, Chenkai,Xue, Lingwei,Yang, Changduk,Ade, Harald,Li, Yongfang American Chemical Society 2017 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.139 No.14

<P>In the last two years, polymer solar cells (PSCs) developed quickly with n-type organic semiconductor (n-OSs) as acceptor. In contrast, the research progress of nonfullerene organic solar cells (OSCs) with organic small molecule as donor and the n-OS as acceptor lags behind. Here, we synthesized a D-A structured medium bandgap organic small molecule H11 with bithienyl-benzodithiophene (BDTT) as central donor unit and fluorobenzo-triazole as acceptor unit, and achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.73% for the all organic small molecules OSCs with H11 as donor and a low bandgap n-OS IDIC as acceptor. A control molecule H12 without thiophene conjugated side chains on the BDT unit was also synthesized for investigating the effect of the thiophene conjugated side chains on the photovoltaic performance of the p-type organic semiconductors (p-OSs). Compared with H12, the 2D-conjugated H11 with thiophene conjugated side chains shows intense absorption, low-lying HOMO energy level, higher hole mobility and ordered bimodal crystallite packing in the blend films. Moreover, a larger interaction parameter (chi) was observed in the H11 blends calculated from Hansen solubility parameters and differential scanning calorimetry measurements. These special features combined with the complementary absorption of H11 donor and IDIC acceptor resulted in the best PCE of 9.73% for nonfullerene all small molecule OSCs up to date. Our results indicate that fluorobenzotriazole based 2D conjugated p-OSs are promising medium bandgap donors in the nonfullerene OSCs.</P>

AUTONOMOUS LAND VEHICLE PATH PLANNING USING TERRAIN DATABASE

Bin, Zhang Shi,Wei, Tang Guo,Yue, Ma,Wen, Zhang Tian,Xiong, Zhang Shi 대한전자공학회 1992 HICEC:Harbin International Conference on Electroni Vol.1 No.1

We describe a new path planning system using terrain database. The system is adapt to the navigation of autonomous land vehicle under known environment such as road network without unknown moving obstacles. We discuss the terrain database structure, terrain representation, global path planning, local path planning under the direction of global path planning.

Effects of dietary protein level on growth performance and nitrogen excretion of dairy heifers

Bin Zhang,Chong Wang,He Liu,Jian-Xin Liu,Hongyun Liu 아세아·태평양축산학회 2017 Animal Bioscience Vol.30 No.3

Objective: Protein supplementation is costly and can result in excess nitrogen (N) excretion. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding different levels of dietary protein on average daily gain, body size, rumen fermentation, and nitrogen excretion of 8 to 10 month-old Holstein heifers. Methods: Thirty-six Holstein heifers were divided into 12 blocks according to age (273±6.2 d) and were randomly assigned to diets containing a low (10.2% dry matter [DM]), medium (11.9% DM), or high (13.5% DM) level of dietary crude protein (CP). All diets contained approximately 70% roughage and 30% concentrate with similar dietary metabolizable energy (ME) content (2.47 Mcal/kg). Results: Dry matter intake did not differ among the treatments, and average daily gain increased with the increasing dietary protein, 0.79, 0.95, 0.97 kg/d for low, medium, and high group, respectively. Body height increased linearly with increasing dietary CP but no other significant differences in body dimensions were found among the treatments. The increased ratios of dietary CP improved the rate of rear teat length growth remarkably (p<0.05). There was no difference in rumen pH or ruminal major volatile fatty acid (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) concentration among the 3 diets, but rumen ammonia-N concentration increased with the higher dietary CP (p<0.05). Increasing N intake led to increased total N excretion; urinary N excretion was significantly increased (p<0.05) but fecal N excretion was similar among the treatments. Conclusion: These data suggest that the diet containing 11.9% CP (ME 2.47 Mcal/kg) could meet the maintenance and growth requirements of 9 to 11 month-old Holstein heifers gaining approximately 0.9 kg/d.

AUTONOMOUS LAND VEHICLE PATH PLANNING USING TERRAIN DATABASE

Zhang Shi Bin,Tang Guo Wei,Ma Yue,Zhang Tian Wen,Zhang Shi Xiong 대한전자공학회 1992 대한전자공학회 Conference Vol.1992 No.2

VHL Gene Mutation Analysis of a Chinese Family with Non-Syndromic Pheochromocytomas and Patients with Apparently Sporadic Pheochromocytoma

Zhang, Bin,Qian, Jing,Chang, De-Hui,Wang, Yang-Min,Zhou, Da-Hai,Qiao, Gou-Mei Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.5

Objective: The Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome (VHLD), an inherited neoplastic syndrome predisposing to central nervous system hemangioblastoma (CNS), pheochromocytoma (PCC), renal cell carcinoma(RCC), retinal hemangioma (RA) and renal cysts, is caused by mutations or deletions of the VHL tumor-suppressor gene. To assess VHL genotype-phenotype correlations with function of pVHL a gene mutation analysis of members in a Chinese family with non-syndromic PCCs and individuals with apparently sporadic pheochromocytoma (ASP) was performed. Materials and Methods: DNA samples of 20 members from the Chinese family with non-syndromic PCCs and 41 patients with ASP were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing, confirmed by Taqman probe. Results: Three novel mutations (H125P, 623(^TTTGTtG) and R120T) were identified in the Chinese family and in 3 among 41 ASP patients. The mutations were all located in exon 2 of VHL gene encoding ${\beta}$-domain of pVHL. The tumor type in H125P carriers and R120T carriers was VHL type 2C. And 623(^TTTGTtG) carriers presented VHL type 2B or type 2C. Conclusions: VHL gene abnormalities were identified in the Chinese family with non-syndromic PCCs and patients with APS, resulting in dysfunction of pVHL. H125P and R120T could be associated with VHL type 2C, while 623(^TTTGTtG) might be linked with VHL type 2B or type 2C. Not only is the genetic analysis helpful for early diagnosis and treatment of patients with VHLD, it is also benefitial for research intoVHLD pathogenesis.

3D printing of high-resolution PLA-based structures by hybrid electrohydrodynamic and fused deposition modeling techniques

Zhang, Bin,Seong, Baekhoon,Nguyen, VuDat,Byun, Doyoung IOP 2016 JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING - Vol.26 No.2

<P>Recently, the three-dimensional (3D) printing technique has received much attention for shape forming and manufacturing. The fused deposition modeling (FDM) printer is one of the various 3D printers available and has become widely used due to its simplicity, low-cost, and easy operation. However, the FDM technique has a limitation whereby its patterning resolution is too low at around 200 <I>μ</I>m. In this paper, we first present a hybrid mechanism of electrohydrodynamic jet printing with the FDM technique, which we name E-FDM. We then develop a novel high-resolution 3D printer based on the E-FDM process. To determine the optimal condition for structuring, we also investigated the effect of several printing parameters, such as temperature, applied voltage, working height, printing speed, flow-rate, and acceleration on the patterning results. This method was capable of fabricating both high resolution 2D and 3D structures with the use of polylactic acid (PLA). PLA has been used to fabricate scaffold structures for tissue engineering, which has different hierarchical structure sizes. The fabrication speed was up to 40 mm/s and the pattern resolution could be improved to 10 <I>μ</I>m.</P>

Preparation of Octadecylamine-Graphene/MgCl₂-Supported Ziegler-Natta Catalyst and Its Application in Ethylene Polymerization

Zhang, Hao,Liu, Jing-Sheng,Zhang, He-Xin,Ko, Eun-Bin,Park, Jae-Hyeong,Moon, Young-Kwon,Shin, Byeong-Kwang,Zhang, Xue-Quan,Yoon, Keun-Byoung American Scientific Publishers 2018 Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology Vol.18 No.4

<P>A facile coagglomeration method for preparing a long alkyl chain modified graphene oxide (MGO)/MgCl2-supported Ti-based Ziegler-Natta catalyst was reported. The effects of MGO on the catalyst morphology and activity for ethylene polymerization were examined. The resultant polyethylene (PE)/MGO nanocomposites exhibited a layered morphology, with the MGO fillers being well dispersed and exhibiting strong interfacial adhesion to the PE matrix. The thermal stability and mechanical properties of the PE were significantly enhanced with the introduction of a small amount of the MGO filler. Thus, this work provides a facile approach to the production of high-performance PE.</P>