유자종실의 Sterol 조성

최상도,주옥수,조용운 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 1993 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.6 No.-

남해산 柚子種實油을 分析試料로 하여 日本, 基準油脂分析試驗法에 따라서 不檢化物量을 定量하고 T. L. C法으로 不檢化物을 分劃하였으며 G. C法에 依해 sterol組成을 分析하였다. 유자종실기름의 불검화물량은 기름 1g당 19.2mg으로서 1.9%이였고 불검화물의 분획 pattern은 less polar compounds가 20.3%, 4,4-dimethylsterol이 9.6%, 4-desmethylsterol이 47.1% 및 미전개물질이 22.9%이였다. sterol조성은 cholesterol이 0.3%, campesterol이 11.9%, stigmasterol이 9.3%, β-sitosterol이 72.2% 및 未知 sterol이 6.3% 이였다. 불검화물량, 불검화물의 분획 pattern 및 sterol조성은 他植物種實油와 거의 같은 경향을 나타냈다. This experiment was performed to the unsaponifiable matters content of the citrus seed oil. Also, the fractionated sterol pattern and the sterol composition of the citrus seed oil were examined. The citrus seed oil were contained 19.2mg unsaponifiable matters per gram. The unsaponifiable matters in seed oil were fractionated into less polar compounds(20.3%), 4, 4-dimethylsterol(9.6%), 4-monomethylsterol(0%), 4-desmethylsterol(47.1%) and undeveloped matters(22.9%). The sterol composition in citrus seed oil were cholesterol 0.3%, campesterol 11.9%, stigmasterol 9.3% and beta-sitosterol 72.2%. But brassicasterol and avenasterol were not detected.

증류식 소주 제조 중 고급 알콜류의 생성

최진상,이용수 진주산업대학교 1999 산업과학기술연구소보 Vol.- No.6

백미원료와 대맥원료의 일반성분은 큰 차이가 없었지만, 전분가는 백미원료가 대맥원료보다 3.4% 정도 높았다. 백미원료와 대맥원료의 알콜 수율은 백미원료가 우수하였으며, 대맥원료는 산의 생성량이 많았다. 효모별 발효율은 위스키 효모인 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Suntory균이 가장 높았고, 다음으로 Sake, Mikada 및 Hansen 균의 순이었다. 원료별 고급 알콜류로서 n-propanol, iso-butanol 및 iso-amyl alcohol 등을 본석하였으며, 고급 알콜류의 생성량은 백미원료가 대맥원료보다 높았으나 생성 특성에는 큰 차이가 없었다. 효모종류별 고급 알콜류의 생성특성은 유사하였지만, 그 생성량에서는 약간의 차이가 있었다. General compositions were not difference between rice and barley, bur carbohydrate value was higher in rice than barley as above 3.4%. Alcohol ratio was better in rice than barley, but barley had higher contents in the formation of acids. Fermentation rate of yeast varieties vas best in Saccahromyces cerevisiae Suntory and the next order was Sake, Mikada and Hansen species. Higher alcohols were more in rice than in barley, but the characteristic of formation was not difference. And the formation of yeast varieties had little difference between species but the characteristic of formation was similar to four species.

제주도에서의 빗물 이온 농도 분석

심상규,강창희,김용표 濟州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1994 基礎科學硏究 Vol.7 No.1

Precipitation samples were collected at Kosan, Cheju Island over a period of 6 months. An automatic rain sampler was manufactured domestically and installed at Kosan station. All samples were collected on a weekly basis. Samples were analyzed for ??, ??, ??, ??, ??, ??, ??, ??, and pH and specific conductivity. The quality analysis of rain sample data were performed based on ion balance and specific conductivity. The pH of rain samples ranged between 4.6 to 6.6. Bicarbonate ion concentration were included in ion balance and specific conductivity calculations. The sum of cation concentrations were slightly greater than the sum of anion concentrations. Calculated specific conductivity was greater than measured specific conductivity. The most probable explanations for this discrepancy is “an anion too low or anion missing." Two criteria were used to identify outliners. They are 1) the difference between the sum of anion concentrations and cation concentration is more than 50μeq/l and 2) the difference between calculated and measured specific conductivity is more than 25%. Chemical analysis from several samples did not satisfy these quality control criteria. Volume weighted average concentrations were calculated. Dominant free acids in rain samples were ??, ??, ??, ?? ions in order of abundance. Non-seasalt sulfate comprises 76% of total sulfate.

葡萄(Vitis vinifera) 果實의 成熟 中 化學成分의 變化

李龍守,崔震相 진주산업대학교 1997 論文集 Vol.36 No.-

Vitis vinifera 몇 품종에 대한 성숙시기별 화학성분의 변화를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. pH는 berry의 성숙에 따라 계속 상승하는 변화를 보였으며, 수확시의 pH는 3.1∼3.4의 범위였다. Total acidity는 점차적으로 감소하여 berry의 성숙 초기 2.7∼3.2 g/100 ㎖에서 수확기에는 0.6∼0.9 g/100 ㎖까지 감소하였다. 환원당은 포도의 성숙에 따라 증가하여 수확기에는 13.5∼15.0 g/100 ㎖ 범위였다. Tannin은 berry의 성숙 초기에 급격히 감소하였으나 이후로는 감소 폭이 둔화되어 수확시에는 22∼38㎎/100 ㎖의 범위를 나타내었다. The chemical components some grape berry(Vitis vinifera) varieties were analyzed during their maturation period from August to September in 1997. pH increased gradually during maturation period of grape berries, and it reached 3.1 to 3.4 at harvest. Total acidity reduced by degrees during the maturation : it was 2.7∼3.2 g/100 ㎖ at the initial time of maturation, but 0.6∼0.9 g/100 ㎖ at the time of harvest. Content of reducing sugar increased during maturation of grape berries, and its contents at harvest was in the range of 13.5 g/100 ㎖ to 15.0 g/100 ㎖. Tannin reduced rapidly at the initial time of maturation, but its content was in the range of 22 ㎎/100 ㎖ to 38 ㎎/100 ㎖ at the time of harvest.

Vitis vinifera 적포도의 알콜발효중 화학성분의 변화

심기환,최상도,이용수,최진상 慶尙大學校 1992 論文集 Vol.31 No.2

Vitis vinifera 적포도의 발효중 총당, 알콜, 총산, pH, 유기산, 유리아미노산 및 총질소 함량등을 HPLC 등의 기기를 이용하여 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 발효중 총산은 초기에 약간의 증가를 보이다가 발효가 활발하게 진행되어 알콜의 농도가 증가하여 발효 후 품종에 따라 Cabernet sauvignon 15.6%, Cabernet franc 18.5% 및 Malbec 28.3% 감소하였다. 발효중 pH는 5일까지 감소현상을 보이다가 발효 후반기에 증가하여 발효완료 후 초기의 pH보다 높게 나타났다. Malic acid와 tartaric acid는 알콜의 농도가 증가함에 따라 감소하였으며, lactic acid는 발효초기에 측정되지 않았으나 발효가 진행됨에 따라 생성되어 succinic acid와 함께 발효시간의 경과에 함량변화가 없었다. 또한 유리아미노산은 발효초기에 급격한 감소를 보여 발효진행 5일 후의 농도가 Cabernet sauvignon 57.5%, cabernet franc 59.0% 및 Malvec 48.8%까지 감소하였으나, proline, glycine 및 serine은 발효중 변화가 적었으며, 알콜발효가 끝나는 시점부터 증가하였다. 총질소의 함량은 발효초기에 급격히 감소하였고, 알콜생성이 완료되고 2∼3일 경과 후 증가하는 현상을 보였으며, 발효최성기에는 초기농도의 약 13.5∼17.6%만이 발효액중에 남아있었고, 발효가 끝난 후에는 초기농도의 31∼38%정도였다. In order to investigate the changes of some chemical components during the alcoholic fermentation of Vitis vinifera red grapes, total sugar, alcohol, total acid, pH, organic acid, free amino acids and total nitrogen contents were analyzed with HPLC etc., the results are as follows. Total acid during the fermentation which increased slightly at the early time of fermentation decreased in Cabernet sauvignon 15.6% Cabernet franc 18.5% and Malbec 28.3% according to increasing the concentration of alcohol when fermentation was actively progress. PH during the fermentation showed decreasing phenomenon was actively progress. pH during the fermentation showed decreasing phenomenon until 5 days but showed higher at finished time of fermentation than initial time. Malic acid and tar-taric acid were decreased in proportion to increase of alcohol concentration, and lactic acid was not detected at the early time of fermentaation but the progress time of fermentation did not change the content with succinic acid. Free amino acids were rapidly decreased at the early time of fermentation when the concentration was decrased in Cabernet sauv-ignon 33.3%, Cabernet franc 55.5% and Malbec 54.2% at that time after 5 days, but the change was little in proline, glycine and serine during fermentation, and increased slightly until the finished time of fermentation. The content of total nitrogen was decreased rap-idly at the early time of fermentation of alcohol, and the concentration of total nitrogen in the height of prosperity of fermentation was exst only about 13.5∼17,6% in the liquid of fermentation than that of initial concentration, and was about 31∼38% of initial concent-ration after finished fermentation.

Two Kinds of Value Orientations in the Confucian Culture of Filial Piety

( SHANG Yong-liang ),( GE Gang-yan ) 성균관대학교 유교문화연구소 2014 儒敎文化硏究(中文版) Vol.0 No.21

申生“敬順事上”卻屢被讒毁, “將以悅親”反受辱身亡, 這一事實本身即說明了“家天下”政治之複雜和殘酷, 說明了“愚孝”、“愚忠”之不可爲;後人所謂“申生孝而不能安晉”, 實在是對申生之“孝”所起作用的一種高估, 缺乏對中國儒家“孝”文化的深層透視。就本質言, 申生之死乃是其對儒家孝文化理解的偏執, 是其“小心精潔”的性格特點所使然;他的悲劇, 與其說是家庭層面的倫理悲劇、國家層面的政治悲劇, 毋寧說是一種緣於人性深處的性格悲劇, 以及緣於中國早期孝道深厚浸染的文化悲劇。 Shen Sheng (申生) was respectful to his elders, though he repeatedly received death threats from them; he cheerfully gave affection for his father, though he was inhumanly killed by him. His story actually explains the complexity and hidden cruelty of the family-state politics, and it also explains what may be called “foolish filial piety” and “foolish loyalty.” Shen Sheng’s filial piety and loyalty have often evaluated highly; however, such an evaluation does not offer deep understanding of the Confucian culture of filial piety. As for the essence of the culture, Shen Sheng’s death shows an obsession with the culture of filial piety. His story is neither simply a tragedy at the level of the family nor a tragedy at the level of state politics; rather, it should be understood as the kind of tragedy that stems from human nature itself and the inbuilt structure of the Chinese traditional culture of filial piety. [Article in Chinese]

Can the Honeymoon Foretell The Long-term Market Performance of IPO Firms in China?

Yong-Shang Liu,Sunghwan Kim 한국재무학회 2021 한국재무학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.11

Using 1,559 IPO firm data from the GSMAR database for 13 years from 2003 to 2015, we investigate the honeymoon effect of IPO and the impact of stock lock on long-term market performance of IPO firms with following results. Through this study, we found that firms with longer honeymoon periods have a better long-term market performance of IPO firms. This will lead firms to maintain their honeymoon period in various ways such as lock-up period. On contrary, our study found that higher lock-up stock period and Higher lock-up stock ratio will lead underperformance of IPO firms. The impact of lock-up stock on the stock market is complex and variable. Therefore, firms should consider short-term and long-term performance when setting stock lock periods. The disadvantage of this paper is that it only considered the honeymoon period, not the honeymoon return. This section will be supplemented in future studies.

An Analysis of Agricultural Export Factors for the ASEAN Economic Community

Shang-ho Lee(이상호),Yong-deok Kwon(권용덕),Hee-yong Lee(이희용) 한국국제상학회 2019 國際商學 Vol.34 No.2

이 논문은 최근 농식품 교역 비중이 증가하거 있는 아세안경제공동체를 대상으로 수출요인을 분석하였다. 첫째, 신선농산물 수출에서 1인당 GDP가 증가할수록 수출이 증가하지만, 채소류 품목에서 증가세가 뚜렷하게 보이고 있다. 둘째, 상대 환율이 신선농산물 수출에 미치는 영향이 유의하지 않게 나타난 것은 수출시장에서 국내산이 해당 수입국 농산물과 경쟁하는 것이 아니라 타 경쟁국의 농산물과의 경쟁임을 의미한다. 셋째, 수송거리가 멀거나 운송비용이 높을수록 수출이 늘어나는 것으로 나타난 분석결과는 가까운 일본시장의 메리트는 점차 감소하는 반면 원거리 해외시장의 중요성을 확인시켜 준다. 넷째, 해외 동포들이 우리 농산물의 주요 소비층인 것은 분석 결과에서 확인되었지만, 해외 체류자 수는 시간이 지나도 크게 변동할 가능성이 낮고 농산물의 가격 및 소득탄력성이 낮은 점을 감안할 때 실제로 체감하는 수출탄력성은 크지 않을 수 있다. 다섯째, 한류의 확산이 아직까지는 신선농산물의 전체적인 수출증대에 직접적인 영향을 주고 있지는 않은 것으로 분석되었다. 여섯째, 이슬람권 국가일수록 전체 품목군과 5개 품목 군 모두에서 부(-)로 나타나고 있어 한국산 농식품 수출이 감소하고 있다. Purpose : This paper analyzed the export factors of the ASEAN Economic Community, which has recently seen an increase in the share of agricultural trade. Research design, data, methodology : This paper an export formula using a gravity model was formed to analyze the impact factors of the export of agricultural products in Korea. In this paper, instead of two-way trade, the existing gravitational equation was reconstructed to derive factors affecting the export of agricultural products in Korea, which is a one-sided trade flow. Results : According to this research, we have several significant results. First, the increase in vegetable items is evident. Second, the effect of the relative exchange rate factor on the export of fresh agricultural products is not significant, indicating that the reason for competition among agricultural products is more meaningful. Third, it has been analyzed that the spread of hallyu has not yet directly affected the overall export growth of fresh agricultural products. Fourth, exports of Korean-made farm products are declining as Muslim countries are showing signs of wealth in both the entire and five categories. Conclusions : This paper is aimed at exploring measures to boost exports through an in-depth analysis, focusing on the AEC farm market, which has rapidly emerged as the second-largest agricultural trade region.

Cloning, Expression, and Characterization of a Cold-Adapted and Surfactant-Stable Alginate Lyase from Marine Bacterium Agarivorans sp. L11

( Shang Yong Li ),( Xue Mei Yang ),( Lan Zhang ),( Wen Gong Yu ),( Feng Han ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2015 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.25 No.5

The purpose of this study was to find a cold-adapted and surfactant-stable alginate lyase as a candidate for biotechnological and industrial applications. The gene for a new alginate lyase, AlyL1, from Agarivorans sp. L11 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant AlyL1 was most active at 40ºC (1,370 U/mg). It was a cold-adapted alginate lyase, which showed 54.5% and 72.1% of maximum activity at 15ºC and 20ºC, respectively. AlyL1 was an alkaliphilic enzyme and most active at pH 8.6. In addition, it showed high stability in the presence of various surfactants at a high concentration (from 0.1% to 1% (w/v)). AlyL1 was an endo-type alginate lyase that degraded both polyM and polyG blocks, yielding disaccharides and trisaccharides as the main products. This is the first report of the cloning and functional expression of a cold-adapted and surfactant-stable alginate lyase. AlyL1 might be an interesting candidate for biotechnological and industrial applications.

당오대(唐五代) 유배관리의 시기 및 지역분포에 관한 정량(定量) 분석

상용량(Shang Yong-liang) 제주학회 2017 濟州島硏究 Vol.48 No.-

유배와 유배문학은 이미 문학 역사학계의 많은 관심을 불러일으켰고, 연구방법상에서 다수의 연구자들은 아직도 전통적인 역사문화 비평법을 운용하고 있다. 하지만 당오대(唐五代, 621-960) 유배 관리의 전체 수량 및 그 분포시기ㆍ분포지역에 대한 실증적 고찰이 상대적으로 결여되어있다. 이러한 점을 고려하여 이 논문에서는 통계적인 방법을 시험적으로 이용하여, 당오대 유배 관리의 시간적 공간적 분포 및 그 발전변화에 대하여 정량적인 분석을 진행하였다. 당오대, 340 여년간, 유배지에 대한 기록이 남아 있는 유배 관리는 모두 2,828명에 이른다. 그 분포시기를 보면, 중당(中唐)시기가 가장 많다. 분포지역으로 보자면, 남방 지방에 속하는 영남도(嶺南道)ㆍ강남서(江南西)ㆍ동도(東道)와 산남동도(山南東道) 등은 황폐하고 편벽하여, 유배지로서 적격이었다. 그 중 가장 으뜸은 바로 영남도(嶺南道)ㆍ강남서(江南西道)가 관리하던 39주(州) 당오대(唐五代) 유배관리 전체 총수의 25.5%를 차지하고 있다. 절대수량에서 보자면, 중당(中唐)시기와 영남도(嶺南道)ㆍ강남서(江南西道) 등지의 연인원 유배관리 수가 가장 많아 중시될만하지만, 이는 결코 기타 시기 기타 지역이 중요하지 않다는 것을 말하는 것은 아니다. 사실상 각 시대 각 지역은 모두 그 독창성을 가지고 있고, 모두 당시 정치 문화와 관련하여 발굴과 이용의 가치가 있다. Exile and exile literature have already sparked a great deal of interest in literature and history, and many researchers still apply the traditional historical culture critics. However, there is a relatively inadequate among the total number of exile officials in the Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties, the eras and regions of their distribution. In this regard, this paper gave quantitative analysis of temporal and spatial distribution of exile officials in Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties. During the period(621 ~960) of 340 years, there are 2,828 people who have recorded the numbers of exile officials. At the era of the distribution, the middle Tang Dynasty is most prevalent. As a distribution region, the ruined and isolated southern provinces were suitable for exile. But that is not to say that the rest of the eras and regions are unimportant. Each era and each region has its originality, and all of them have significant implications for political culture.