2003년 국내 중증급성호흡기증후군 진료 현황 및 문제점 분석

이진수,김은실,정문현,백제중,정선화,안주희,최영화,이선희,고철우,김성범,김민자,박승철,기현균,송재훈,최상호,김양수,이상오,조용균,박영훈,정숙인,김연숙,이흥범,손창희,장성희,정희진,김우주 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.3

목적 : 2002년 말 중국에서 SARS가 발생한 이후 국내에서도 2003년 10월까지 총 3명의 추정환자, 17명의 의심환자가 보고되었다. 향후 추가적인 SARS의 유행이 우려되는 상황에서, 그간의 SARS 환자 진료에 있어서의 실질적인 준비사항, 진료 현황 등에 대한 조사를 통해 문제점을 파악하여, 향후 더 나은 대비가 될 수 있도록 개선점을 제시하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : SARS로 의심되는 환자를 진료 경험이 있는 병원의료진을 대상으로 2003년 10월에 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문에는 SARS 환자 진료 시의 실질적인 조치, 진료 현황, 병실, 응급실 및 외래에서의 격리 시설과 준비사항, 보건당국의 관리와 지원에 관한 사항을 포함하였다. 결과 : 대상이 되는 22개 병원 중 17개(17/22, 77.2%) 병원이 설문에 응하였다. SARS 환자를 위한 격리실은 응급실, 외래, 일반병실 및 중환자실에서 각각 9개(9/17, 52.9%), 5개(5/17, 29.4%), 15개(15/16, 93.7%), 4개(4/16, 25%) 병원에서 음압처리가 되어있지 않은 일인실 혹은 다인실이 사용되었고, 1개(1/16, 6.3%) 병원에서만 일반병실에서 음압격리실이 운영되었다. 입원환자의 진찰 시 개인보호구의 착용은 거의 모든 의료기관에서 이루어졌다. 보건당국에서 SARS지정병원의 시설 등을 사전에 확인한 곳은 1곳(1/12, 8.3%)이였고, 14개 병원(14/15, 93.3%)에서는 보건당국에 의뢰한 검사결과를 통하 받지 못하였다. 결론 : 의료기관에서 SARS 환자용 격리실뿐만 아니라 기존의 격리실 설비 등이 미흡하였으며, 특히 중환자실 및 외래의 준비가 더욱 부족하였다. 보건당국의 의료기관에 대한 종합적인 지원이 부족하였고, 병원과의 원활한 연계가 잘 이루어지지 않았다. SARS 만이 아닌 격리를 필요로 하는 질환의 적절한 진료를 위해 향후 병원 시설의 정비와 정부차원에서의 보다 구체적이고 실질적인 대책마련이 필요하다. Background : There was an worldwide outbreak of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) originated from China in late 2002. During that period three cases of suspected SARS and 17 cases of probable SARS were reported in Korea. With the concerns about the reemergence of SARS-coV transmission, it is important to be prepared for any possibility. So, this study is aimed to analysis the past measures in managing SARS and propose the amendatory plans to improve the preparedness. Materials & Methods : Questionnaires were collected among clinicians with any experience in managing the probable or suspected SARS cases in Oct. 2003. 17 out of 22 hospitals responded to the questionnaire. The contents in the questionnaire were practical activities, personal equipments, response plans, isolation facilities in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards and intensive care units, and relationship with the public health department. Results : The dedicated isolation rooms in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards, and intensive care units were prepared in 9 (9/17, 52.9%), 5 (5/17, 29.4%), 15 (15/16, 93.7%), and 4 (4/16, 25.0%) hospitals, respectively. Except for one hospital that newly made negative pressure room for SARS, single or multi-bed rooms without airborne infection control were used in all the other hospitals. The personal precaution principles were kept quite well in general wards. Before the designation of SARS hospital by the public health department prior evalution to see if the hospital was suitable for managing SARS was conducted in only 1 (1/12, 8.3%) hospital. The results of laboratory diagnosis were reported back in 1 (1/15, 6.6%) hospital. Conclusions : The isolation facilities which can control airborne infection were almost deficient not only for SARS but also for other respiratory transmissible diseases. For the infection control of transmissible diseases including SARS, more investment is needed on medical facilities and comprehensive support from the public health department required.

現代會計學에 있어서의 理論的 動向

高承禧 제주대학 1980 논문집 Vol.12 No.2

This paper is writed in order to arrange a contemporary trend of the accounting theories occurred in recent 20 years. The potential social consolidation model of accounting places the entity in the context of a national or international socioeconomic system. However, it abstracts from political assumptions about social welfare ; it is a non-explicit model of economic behavior. A quite different normative model might he based on the postulates that : 1. The firm is the essential unit in the economic fabric of the nation. 2. The firm accomplishes its goals best through close coordination of its activities with the national economic policies of its environment. In recent years we have witnessed several attempts to adapt the ideas which managment theories have taken from the behavioral sciences in order to construct models for testing accounting theories. We have referred to the communication and decision-making approaches to the solution of accounting problems. A noteworthy feature of these approaches has been the stimulus which they have given to empirigal research on the impact of accouting numbers on investor behavior, as observed in the stock market. The basic premise of this line of research can be simply stated : Accounting numbers impound exogenous and endogenous phenomena in a form which permits them to be used for prediction. In this sense, financial statements are useful information for marketing desions. Implicit in this premise is the notion of causality, the relationship of a cause to its effect, which underleis much scientific work. It can be expressed as the proposition that specific stimuli will produce standard results under continual attack, and a contemporary view of causality is more modest. At the beginning of this paper, we drew attention to the necessity to distinguish between percepts and concepts. At the end, we feel obliged to restate this necessity in term of the conflict between the appearance of things and their reality, which is a constant feature of the human condition. Accounting theory attempts to bring order into a complex and confused set of observations by placing them in the context of a framework or system within which they may be explained.

會計原則의 社會的役割

高承禧 단국대학교 경영대학원 1983 經院論叢(壇國大學校) Vol.3 No.-

북한의 IT 딜레마와 이중전략 : 인터넷 정책과 소프트웨어 산업정책을 중심으로

고경민,이희진,장승권 한국정보사회진흥원 2007 정보화정책 Vol.14 No.4

북한은‘단번도약’의 핵심수단으로 IT산업을 강조하나 IT산업은 북한 경제에 큰 기여를 하지 못했다. 이 글은 인터넷과 소프트웨어 산업정책을 대상으로 북한이 처한‘IT 딜레마’를 기술하고 북한 IT‘ 이중전략’의 성격과 한계를 검토한다. 인터넷에서의 이중전략은 인터넷과 인트라넷의 분리 구축으로 나타난다. 이는 인터넷의 정치적 영향과 경제적 효과 사이에서의 전략 선택의 어려움에 기인한다. 소프트웨어 산업정책의 이중전략은‘우리식’개발 전략과 세계 표준에 기초한 개발전략의 형태로 나타난다. 이는 내수에서‘주체 과학’과 자력갱생을 원칙으로 한 개발 방식과 소프트웨어 수출 및 기술혁신을 위한 대외기술협력 사이에서 전략 선택의 어려움 때문이다. 북한의 IT 이중전략은 정보기술의 정치적 및 경제적 영향에 대한 고민의 결과이며, 이는 곧‘독재자의 딜레마’를 반영한다. 북한의‘이중전략’은 IT 발전의 과도기적 단계를 보여주며, 동시에 북한 개혁∙개방의 한계를 보여준다. 국내와 대외, 활용과 통제, 육성과 제한과 같은 이중성에 기초한 규제정책으로부터 세계적 표준에 입각한 활용과 육성 같은 적극적인 촉진정책으로 전환할 때, 북한의 IT는 도약발전의 수단이 될 수 있을 것이다. This paper examines North Korea’s dual strategies in Internet opening and software industry development. While North Korea stresses IT for its economic development, it is found that IT has made only a little contribution. The paper argues that the low performance of IT is attributed to the Dictator’s Dilemma regarding IT that North Kora faces. Due to the concerns for political impacts of the Internet, the Intranet system for domestic use has been developed separately from the Internet. While export and international collaboration are pursued for software industry,‘ our own’technology and development are also over-emphasised internally. These all originate from the Dictator’s Dilemma facing North Korea. For IT to contribute to economic development, it is required for North Korea to shift from the dualism dividing domestic-international, promotion-control and promotion-restriction to proactive promotion based on international standards.

한우, 칡소 및 제주 흑우 Calpain-Calpastatin 유전자 다양성

이승환,김승창,조수현,최봉환,Aditi Sharma,임다정,당창권,장선식,김재환,고문석,양보석,강희설 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2013 농업과학연구 Vol.40 No.2

The aim of study was to investigate genetic diversity for the calpain/calpastatin gene in three Hanwoo breeds [(Brown (n=62), Brindle (n=81) and Jeju Black (n=30)]. Random samples from three breeds of Hanwoo were selected and genotyped for the 7 SNPs of calpain/calpastatin using TaqMan method. Allele frequencies were investigated for CAPN1/CAST gene. Allele frequency of CAST2 SNP was 0.75, 0.59 and 0.22 for Brown, Brindle and Jeju black, respectively. The CAST3 revealed allele frequency of 0.59 and 0.57 in Brown and Jeju Black, while it showed very low allele frequency (0.07) in Brindle. In particular, favorable allele (G allele) for the CAPN1-2 SNP which was shown a strong association with tenderness in Taurine and Indicine cattle revealed 16% and 17% higher allele frequency in Brown Hanwoo (0.82) comparing Brindle (0.66) and Jeju Black Hanwoo (0.65). AMOVA demonstrated that among population variance occupied only 10% of total variance and among individual variance was 0%, while within individual variance was 90% of total variance. This result showed that population effect contributed very small portion of genetic to these three Hanwoo breeds, while within individual variance contributed large portion of genetic diversity within these Hanwoo breeds. In conclusion, three Hanwoo breeds (Brown, Brindle and Jeju black) showed a genetically homogeneous based on the 7 SNPs of CAPN1/CAST gene and it came from same ancestor to form modern Hanwoo breed.

會計原則의 本質的 屬性

高承禧 단국대학교 1982 論文集 Vol.16 No.-

This paper is dealt with the essential mature of generally accepted accounting principles. The term of this accounting principles have been used from the period 1930s in the United Stated of America. The correspondence was exchanged between the AIA's Committee (May's Committee) and the Exchange's Committee on Stock List from 1932 to 1934. The transactions between these committees were published in 1934 by AIA under the tittle, Audits of Corporate Account. They introduced the terms accepted principles of accounting for business enterpeises and accounting standards in the working vocabulary of accountants. The principle of accounting are, therefore, the more general propositions describing the procedure which should be followed in the making of records and the preparation of financial statements, if the functions enumerated are to be properly performed. It is believed that there is a corpus of principles of accounting which are generally accepted. It is true that they are not written law; they have not been codified; they must be sought in accounts and financial statements, and in other evidences of professional opinion. It is true that they have not been adopted by vote of the profession. But that they have been accepted is evidenced by the common ways of thought and speech which make communication in accounting matters possible, by the generally uniform practice of all accountants when dealing with some situations, by the general agreement that, among all the possible ways of dealing with other situations, only a few can be used with propriety. So fully is the existence of a body of accepted accounting principles recognized that accountants the statements presented have been prepared in accordance with accepted principles of accounting. The existence of a body of generally accepted accounting principles does not mean that there is only on proper accounting treatment for every situation with which the accountant must deal. For many situations, there are available a number of treatments which are in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles. But the affirmation of the general acceptance of accounting principles does mean that many and most of the possible treatments are inappropriate. Accounting principles for business enterprises is composed of two types, normative accounting principles and desciptive accounting principles. The former is formulated, it is believed, by deductive reasoning, and the latter is made by inductive reasoning in accounting practices.

韓國「企業會計基準」의 體系와 特徵

高承禧 단국대학교 경영대학원 1982 經院論叢(壇國大學校) Vol.2 No.-

日本 「企業會計原則」의 體系와 特徵

高承禧 단국대학교 산업연구소 1982 산업연구 Vol.4 No.-

갈륨합금과 아말감의 전기화학적 부식거동 비교

고영무,최한철,강성남,강희영,이승윤 대한치과기재학회 1998 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.25 No.3

A gallium based alloy(GA) that was developed as a substitute for dental amalgam was investigated for electrochemical corrosion behavior in 4 kinds of electrolytes(1% lactic acid, 0.05% HCI, Modified Fusayama's artificial saliva, and 0.9% NaCl). The related corroded microstructure were examined and microanalyses were conducted using ICPES. Polarization tests were conducted by scanning from -1,500㎷ to 1,000㎷(vs.SCE) at 75㎷/min. The obtained results were as follows: 1. GA showed wide passivation area next to SYB in artificial saliva, suggesting good stability. 2. The amounts of Sn, Cu released from GA were similiar to those of CAV, and decreased in the order of KAT, SYB. 3. All of specimens were observed pits at the area of pores in electrolytes containing chloride ions, and forming much corrosion products in 1% lactic acid and artificial saliva after corrosion test. 4. From the surface analyses of XRD, GA showed much corosion products containing gallium at the surface after corrosion test. In conclusion, the corrosion resistance of GA was lower than that of SYB and similiar to that of CAV and KAT.

정서유발단어에 대한 주의이동시 뇌신경망의 활성 양상

김연희,장은혜,고명환,신승훈,양경혜,손진훈 한국뇌학회 2002 한국뇌학회지 Vol.2 No.2

본 연구는 fMRI를 사용하여 정서유발단어에 의한 주의이동과 관련한 뇌신경망을 규명하기 위하여 12명의 오른손잡이 여대생을 대상으로 수행하였다. fMRI 실험을 위한 뇌활성화 과제는 예비실험을 통하여 선정된 행복, 슬픔, 위협에 해당하는 각각 36개씩의 단어와 각 단어의 짝을 이루기 위한 중성단어를 이용하여 변형된 Posner 패러다임을 블록디자인으로 고안하였다. fMRI 영상은 1.5T Simens Vision scanner를 사용하여 실시하였으며, single-shot EPI 기법으로(TR/TE:3840/40ms, flip angle: 90, FOV: 220, 64x64 matrix, Slice thickness: 6mm) 이미지를 얻었고 피험자의 반응시간을 기록하였다. 자료분석은 SPM-99 소프트웨어를 사용하였다. 정서유발단어는 중성단어에 비하여 반응시간이 의미있게 빨라 효과적인 주의이동이 일어났음을 알 수 있었다. 정서유발단어와 중성단어에 의한 뇌활성화 상태를 감산분석한 결과, 좌측 상두정엽, 양측 후두엽 및 소뇌에서 뇌활성화를 보였고, 이들 영역은 정서유발단어에 의한 주의이동시 특징적으로 활성이 일어나는 뇌영역임을 보여주었다. 또한 여러 가지 정서가를 가진 단어에 의해 유발되는 주의의 정도가 특징적인 신경망의 활성과 관련되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. The purpose of this study is to delineate the neural network related to the shift of attention and its modulation by emotion-provoking words using functional MRI (fMRI). Twelve right-handed normal female volunteers participated in fMRI study. Their mean age was 24 years and the mean modified Edinburgh score was +90. Emotion-provoking words representing happy, sad, threatened, and neutral emotional valences respectively were chosen by the assessment of 60 normal volunteers using semantic differentiation and Mannequin scales. The activation tasks were designed using modified Posner's paradigm to have 4 blocks of each emotional and control periods, Imaging was conducted on a 1.5T Siemens Vision scanner. Single-shot echoplanar images (TR/TE = 3840/40 ms, flip angle = 90, FOV = 220, matrix = 62 ? 64, slice thickness = 6㎜) were acquired in 20 contiguous slices parallel to the AC_PC line as well as conventional T1-weighted images. Response times were obtained during the scanning, Imaging data were realigned, coregistered, normalized, smoothed, and statistically analyzed in group using SPM-99 software. The results showed that emotional valence of word stimuli produced the effect of attentional engagement. The left superior parietal, inferior frontal, bilateral occipital lobes and cerebellum were main area of modulation of attentional network by emotional words stimuli. The different extent of brain activation induced by different emotion-provoking words were determined.