<문화,문학> : 프로크루스테스의 초상: 로버트 프로스트 초기 시의 화자들

이삼출 ( Sam Chool Lee ) 경희대학교 비교문화연구소 2013 비교문화연구 Vol.31 No.-

Robert Frost`s poetry has generally been considered fairly readable partly because of the simplicity or down-to-earth-ness of the messages that go along with the poet`s projected public image and the ``traditional`` forms he used Against the grain of such general perception, this study reads some of the early poems of Robert Frost to re-chanracterize the beginning of the poet`s career as a modernist attempt to challenge the dominant the dominant poetic conventions of the time: the genteel conventions. In reading the poems, this study focuses on frost`s strategic method of using the speaker or persona regarding the delivery of meanings. Those readers who would like to find the immediate presence of frost`s voice in the poems, fail to distinguish the speaker and the poet, readily accepting the face value of what the speaker tries to convey: those messages with liberal individualism, like self-reliance, autonomous self, work ethics, etc. Frost`s speakers, however, are rarely the mouthpiece of the poet himself. Rather, they are fictional characters who, while on the surface of the text appear to be hammering out a stable theme out of their everyday experience, under a heuristic scrutiny of the textual structure, turn out be undermining the logic or the rationality of the theme, which can be identified as a modernist textual strategy that challenges the traditional conventions regarding the stability of meaning in a poetic text.

『말괄량이 길들이기』의 저항 : 흉내내기와 전이(轉移)

이삼출(Sam chool Lee) 同德女子大學校 2015 人文科學硏究 Vol.23 No.-

This thesis analyzes Shakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew to reveal how Shakespeare could maintain an aesthetic distance with the dominant patriarchal ideology by producing a text that debunks the ideological structure of the ideology through a case of psychoanalytic transition actualized with a strategy Luce Irigaray calls 'mimeticism.' The transition in the text first takes place when the characters deliberately employ mimetic strategies, reversing the hierarchical relationships between them. But another meta-transition also happens when the text itself is regarded as a discourse produced by an analysand and the reader as an analyst. A text that seeks after a reversal against a dominant discourse is forced to adopt the structure of the symbolic order it tries to subvert. By doing this a subverting text can expose the unconscious of the target discourse without falling into the trap of substantialism. Shakespeare can never be said to be free from the feudalistic ideologies. he was well aware of the emerging new enlightenment ideologies. The Taming of the Shrew refuses to endorse any particular ideology. Thus, by presenting a female 'shrew' character who tries to subvert the patriarchal symbolic order, Shakespeare succeeds in maintaining a certain distance from the society through the use of a double strategy that absorbs the dominant ideology and at the same time subverts. 이 글은 세익스피어의 『말괄량이 길들이기』를 분석자와 피분석자의 위치가 역전되는 상호전이를 통해 지배적 위계질서가 전복되는 과정을 루스 이리거레이의 미메티시즘을 활용하여 분석한다. 이 같은 징후발견적 독법은 기존의 정전을 정신분석학적 시각에서 읽어내는 경제적인 방식이 될 것이다. 정신분석학에서 피분석자의 담론은 분석자로서의 독자를 전복시켜 분석가로서의 독자와 피분석 대상으로서의 텍스트의 위상 사이에 상호전이 과정을 발생시킨다. 이리거레이의 미메티시즘 개념은 전복을 원하는 담론은 자신이 전복시키고자하는 그 상징질서에 기생하지 않을 수 없다는 통찰에 바탕을 두고 있으며, 본질론의 함정에 빠지지 않으면서 배적 담론을 흉내내거나 모방함으로써 텍스트의 무의식을 드러내는 전략이라 볼 수 있다. 세익스피어가 중세적인 봉건제적 이념에 편입되어 있음은 부인할 수 없지만 부상하는 계몽주의적 휴머니즘과 봉건적 신분질서가 충돌하는 격동의 역사를 살았던 인물인 만큼, 그의 텍스트는 하나의 의미로 고정되기를 거부한다. 이런 거부의 전략이 말괄량이로 형상화된 여성주체가 보여주는 뒤집기 전략이라고 본다면, 세익스피어는 당대의 지배적 이념을 수용하면서도 일정한 정도 그것을 뒤집는 이중전략을 통해 자기 시대와의 거리를 유지할 수 있었다고 볼 수 있다.

영시 수업에서의 해석과 번역의 문제

이삼출 ( Lee Sam-chool ) 경희대학교 비교문화연구소 2016 비교문화연구 Vol.45 No.-

한국 대학에서 영시에 대한 수요를 높이기 위해 실제 수업과정에서 학습자가 겪는 어려움을 확인하고, 그 원인을 분석하며, 텍스트 해석 과정에 개입되는 언어학적, 문화적, 문학적 변수들을 확인한다. 담론의 구성에서 내용의 의의에 이르기까지 시 텍스트는 산문을 포함하여 다른 담론을 판단하는데 유용한 본보기가 될 수 있다. 다양한 글을 읽는 것이 필수적인 영문과 학생이 시를 읽기 싫어해서는 안 되는 이유이다. 학습자가시를 읽으면서 실제로 미학적인 쾌락을 느끼고 구체적인 보상을 받을 수 있도록 도와주는 것이 필요하다. 실제 수업의 환경에서 시 텍스트를 어떻게 번역하는가, 특히 오역이 어떻게 생산되는지를 확인하게 되면 학습자의 어려움을 덜어주는 교수자의 개입이 보다 효과적으로 이루어질 수 있다. 시 텍스트를 구성하고 있는 영어 문장의 언어적, 문화적 특성상 일차적 의미 혹은 축자적 의미를 파악하는 과정은 영어를 모국어로 하지 않는 대부분의 학습자들에게는 그 자체로 매우 복합적인 언어적, 문화적, 예술적 경험이 생성, 변용, 축적되는 과정이다. 따라서 이 논문은 오역을 일종의 문화번역의 경우로 간주하고 한국 대학 영시수업에서 주로 사용하는 시 텍스트를 선정, 학습자들이 오역을 생산하는 기제와 그 기제의 원인을 규명한다. To provide a set of data with which instructors may boost the sagging demand for Anglo-American poetry classes, this thesis classifies the kinds of difficulties the students face in reading English poems. Asses to the classification is an analysis on the causes of the difficulties at different levels of the reading process, from the linguistic to the cultural. Arnoldian insight argues that poetry is the best of all forms of writing. Without an ample exposure to poetry, average English majors would barely sharpen the skills that they use to deal with other kinds of writing. To help ease the continuing need for a workable teaching model in English poetry reading classes, this thesis suggests focusing on the kinds of wrong translations produced by the students. According to the theory of cultural translation, any translation, even the wrong kind, is already a product of a very complicated process of interpretation that involves many cultural factors. With the analysis of these factors discovered in Korean college English reading classes, this thesis tries to explain the mechanisms through which wrong translations are produced, since these inevitably lead to wrong interpretations of given poetic texts.

개혁운동으로서의 미국 인민주의 운동의 한계

이삼출 ( Sam Chool Lee ) 한국아메리카학회 2006 美國學論集 Vol.38 No.2

산림행정 권한의 지방이양 효과에 대한 인과지도 분석

최영출(Young-Chool Choi),김홍삼(Hong-Sam Kim),이은희(Eun-Hee Lee),조경순(Kyung-Soon Cho) 한국지방행정학회 2023 한국지방행정학보 (KLAR) Vol.20 No.2

Behavioral Analysis of Silt Protectors in Seawater Using the Mass-Spring Model

Choon-Woo Lee,Ok-Sam Kim,Hyun-Chool Shin,Doo-Jin Hwang 해양환경안전학회 2017 해양환경안전학회지 Vol.23 No.2

오탁방지막이 바닷물 속에 설치되어 있을 때 조류와 파도가 변할 때 움직임과 앵커 파주력을 초과하는 유체력이 작용할 경우의 이동 메카니즘을 질량-스프링법으로 해석하였다. 설치 위치는 전남 진도군 임회면 굴포리 동령개 포구 해역이다. 앵커의 파주력을 초과하는 장력은 0.05 m/s에서는 318초 후에 도달하였고, 0.15 m/s에서는 77초, 0.25 m/s에서는 43초, 0.3 m/s에서는 37초 후에 앵커가 움직이기 시작하여, 조류 속도가 0.01 m/s로 증가함에 따라서 평균 11.2 초 정도, 앵커 이동시작 시간이 단축되고 있었다. 조류만 작용할 때와 파랑이 추가될 때의 차이점은 유속이 느릴 경우, 앵커의 이동이 시작되는 시간의 차이가 7.6 % 정도 발생하였으나, 유속이 빠른 경우는 4.3 %미만으로 큰 차이가 없이 앵커 이동이 시작되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 조류 속도가 0.13 m/s를 초과하고 파도의 방향이 일치하면 주변의 해저 구조물과의 충돌로 인해 오탁방지막 성능이 정상적으로 작동하지 않을 수 있으니, 오탁방지막을 바다에 설치할 때 해수의 흐름 상황 등을 질량-스프링 방법으로 면밀하게 검토해야 한다. When sea tide and wave velocity change, the behavior of silt protectors underwater changes, and a hydraulic force exceeding the anchor wave force is applied. In this study, the movement mechanism of a silt protector has been analyzed using the mass-spring method. The initial position of the silt protector was in the Jindo area near Gwangpo Port (742-1, Gyupori, Chongdo-myeon, Jindo-gun, Jeonnam, Korea). The tension required to exceed the holding power of the anchor was 0.05 m/s at 318 sec., 0.15 m/s at 77 sec., 0.25 m/s at 43 sec., and 0.3 m/s at 37 sec.. As the anchor started to move from the sea floor and the tide speed increased to 0.01 m/s, anchor movement start time shortened by an average of 11.2 sec.. Compared with when tide was the only affecting factor, the silt protector and anchor were found to have moved 19.7 % at 0.1 m/s, 7.6 % at 0.15 m/s, 5.8 % at 0.2 m/s, 4.3 % at 0.25 m/s and 2.8 % at 0.3 m/s, showing an increase. When wave effect was added to the tide, anchor movement started when the flow rate was slow 7.6 % of the time. With a high flow velocity, anchor movement started without any significant difference less than 4.3 % of the time. When tide speed exceeded 0.13 m/s and the direction of the waves matched, the silt protector was not able to perform due to collisions with surrounding sea structures. When installing a silt protector, the fluid flow situation and the silt protector situation must be carefully analyzed using the mass-spring method to apply the result found in this study.

복강경을 이용한 자궁근종 절제술의 임상적 효용성에 관한 연구

조백설 ( Baik Seol Cho ),강귀언 ( Gui Eon Kang ),이홍주 ( Hong Jue Lee ),천상훈 ( Sang Hoon Cheon ),조출현 ( Chool Hyun Cho ),김성희 ( Seong Hee Kim ),이정한 ( Jung Han Lee ),조삼현 ( Sam Hyun Cho ),김승룡 ( Seung Ryong Kim ) 대한산부인과학회 2009 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.52 No.10

목적: 복강경을 이용한 자궁근종 절제술 환자 185명을 대상으로 복강경적 자궁근종 절제술의 안전성 및 임상적 효용성을 평가하고자 하였다. 연구 방법: 2004년1월부터 2008년 12월까지 한양대학교 의과대학 구리병원 산부인과에서 자궁근종 절제술을 받은 환자 185명의 의무기록을 통해 연령, BMI (body mass index), 출산력, 자궁근종의 크기, 개수, 종류 및 수술 술기 (투관침의 개수, 근종체외배출 방법 등), 수술시간, 수술 후 헤모글로빈 감소치, 수혈량, 합병증, 입원기간 등을 조사하였다. 결과: 자궁근종의 종류는 근층내 (intramural) 근종이 115명 (62.2%)으로 가장 많았으며, 각 환자의 가장 큰 자궁근종의 평균 직경은 6.67±0.16 cm (range, 2.5~15 cm)이었고 자궁근종의 개수는 평균 2.07±0.15개 (range, 1~15개) 이었다. 과거 수술력, 골반 내 유착의 유무는 수술시간과 관련이 없는 요인이었고, 근종의 종류, 크기, 개수, 투관침 (trocar)의 개수, 근종 제거방법은 수술 시간과 관련이 있었다. 가장 큰 근종 직경이 8 cm 미만이거나, 개수가 4개 이하인 저위험군 (n=122)과 가장 큰 근종의 직경이 8 cm 이상이고, 개수가 5개 이상인 고위험군 (n=63)으로 나누어 두 군을 비교 분석한 결과, 고위험군에서 수술 시간(137.58±4.37 min vs. 193.73±9.88 min) 뿐만 아니라, 수술 후 헤모글로빈감소량 (2.89±0.10 g/dL vs. 4.03±0.23 g/dL) 및 수혈량 (2.89±0.10 pints vs. 4.03±0.23 pints)이 유의하게 증가하였으나 (각각 P-value=0.000), 입원기간은 차이가 없었다 (4.98±0.12일 vs. 5.44±0.24일, P-value=0.098). 결론: 본 연구를 통해 근종 절제술의 대상이 확대되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 수술 시간에 영향을 주는 요인으로는, 근종의 크기와 무게, 근종의 개수, 근종의 종류, 투관침 (trocar)의 개수, 근종의 체외배출 방법 등이었고, 과거의 수술 유무, 골반 내 유착, BMI 등은 영향 요인이 아니었다. 또한 근종의 직경이 8 cm 이상이거나 근종의 개수가 5개 이상인 고위험군은 저위험군에 비하여 수술시간과 수술 후 헤모글로빈 감소량이 증가하였다. Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the safety and the clinical efficacy of the laparoscopic myomectomy through analyzing several operation factors. Methods: There were 185 cases of laparoscopic myomectomy between January 2004 and December 2008 at the department of obstetrics and gynecology in Hanyang University Guri Hospital. Retrospectively many factors of the operation were analyzed. The factors include the size, number and type of the myoma, BMI (body mass index), operation method, operation time, and complication and the prognosis of the operation. Results: For the type of myomas, 115 (62.2%) cases were intramural myomas, 38 (20.5%) cases were subserosal types and 32 (17.3%) cases were mixed types. The average diameter of the biggest myoma was 6.67±0.16 cm (range, 2.5~15 cm) and the average number of the myoma was 2.07±0.15 (range, 1~15). Previous operation history and pelvic adhesion did not show correlation with the operation time. The size, type and number of myoma and the operation methods showed correlation with the operation time. According to myoma size and number, we divided the cases into two groups, low risk group (122 cases) and high risk group (63 cases). The analysis showed that post-operation hemoglobin drop (2.89±0.10 g/dL vs. 4.03±0.23 g/dL) and blood transfusion amount (2.89±0.10 pints vs. 4.03±0.23 pints) as well as the operation time (137.58±4.37 min vs. 193.73±9.88 min) showed noticeable increase in the high risk group. Conclusion: This statistics show that laparoscopic myomectomy is now being applied to patients with larger and more myomas. Factors affecting operation time were the weight of myomas, number of myomas, type of myomas, number of trocars and methods of resected myomas removal. Also, operation time and post-operative hemoglobin drop increased in the high risk group.

The Effect of Sa-am acupuncture on Knee Osteoarthritis

Min, Moo-Hong,Choi, Yeong-Gon,Kim, Yun-Ju,Park, Hi-Joon,Lee, Sam-Chool,Joo, Ho-No,Han, Seung-Moo,Lim, Sa-Bi-Na Society for Meridian and Acupoint 2009 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.22 No.1

Objective : Acupuncture has been widely used throughout the world for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (knee OA). This study investigated whether acupuncture, particularly Sa-am acupuncture, could be effective in relieving pain and improving the symptoms of knee OA. Method : This study was conducted as a prospective, randomized, controlled, and patient- and investigator-blinded clinical trial. Forty volunteers with knee OA participated in the study. All participants were screened through an inclusion and exclusion criteria. Thirty four participants completed the clinical trial. In total, forty subjects were randomly selected to receive Sa-am acupuncture. Eight sessions of acupuncture were given at the contralateral side of the problematic knee for 4 weeks. Korean translation of Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (KWOMAC) scores were measured twice: at the beginning and end of the clinical trial period. Both the Patient Global Assessment and physical health scores based on the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey were also used to measure the results. Results : Compared to the pre-trial scores, the Sa-am acupuncture group (n=34) showed a significant decrease in KWOMAC total scores according to a paired t-test. The Sa-am acupuncture group also showed significant improvement in the Patient Global Assessment when compared to the pre-trial. Conclusions : Sa-am acupuncture for knee OA resulted in an improved KWOMAC total score. This was mostly driven by the function component score that was greatly affected by acupuncture. However, further studies with expanded designs are needed to solidify this finding with scientific rigor.

The Effect of Sa-am acupuncture on Knee Osteoarthritis

( Moo Hong Min ),( Yeong Gon Choi ),( Yun Ju Kim ),( Hi Joon Park ),( Sam Chool Lee ),( Ho No Joo ),( Seung Moo Han ),( Sa Bi Na Lim ) 대한경락경혈학회 2009 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.26 No.4

Objective: Acupuncture has been widely used throughout the world for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (knee OA). This study investigated whether acupuncture, particularly Sa-am acupuncture, could be effective in relieving pain and improving the symptoms of knee OA. Method: This study was conducted as a prospective, randomized, controlled, and patient- and investigator- blinded clinical trial. Forty volunteers with knee OA participated in the study. All participants were screened through an inclusion and exclusion criteria. Thirty four participants completed the clinical trial. In total, forty subjects were randomly selected to receive Sa-am acupuncture. Eight sessions of acupuncture were given at the contralateral side of the problematic knee for 4 weeks. Korean translation of Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (KWOMAC) scores were measured twice: at the beginning and end of the clinical trial period. Both the Patient Global Assessment and physical health scores based on the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey were also used to measure the results. Results: Compared to the pre-trial scores, the Sa-am acupuncture group (n=34) showed a significant decrease in KWOMAC total scores according to a paired t -test. The Sa-am acupuncture group also showed significant improvement in the Patient Global Assessment when compared to the pre-trial. Conclusions: Sa-am acupuncture for knee OA resulted in an improved KWOMAC total score. This was mostly driven by the function component score that was greatly affected by acupuncture. However, further studies with expanded designs are needed to solidify this finding with scientific rigor.