SEWAGE SLUDGE-DERIVED BIOCHARS The Good, the Bad and the Ugly ?

( Patryk Oleszczuk ),( Anna Zielinska ) 한국물환경학회(구 한국수질보전학회) 2015 한국물환경학회·대한상하수도학회 공동 춘계학술발표회 Vol.2015 No.-

A field study of bioavailable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sewage sludge and biochar amended soils

Stefaniuk, Magdalena,Tsang, Daniel C.W.,Ok, Yong Sik,Oleszczuk, Patryk Elsevier 2018 Journal of hazardous materials Vol.349 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The bioavailable PAHs (freely dissolved concentration, Cfree) were determined in sewage sludge (SL) or sewage sludge and biochar (BC) amended soil. SL or SL with a 2.5, 5 or 10% of BC was applied to the soil. The study was conducted as a long-term field experiment. Addition of BC to SL at a dose of 2.5 and 5% did not affect the content of Cfree PAHs in soils. However a significant difference (by 13%) in Cfree PAHs content was noted in experiment with 10% addition of BC. During the experiment, the concentration of Cfree PAHs in SL- and SL/BC-amended soil decreased. In particular sampling terms the content of Cfree PAHs in SL/BC-amended soil was significantly lower comparing to the Cfree PAHs content in SL-amended soil. After 18 months, Cfree PAH content was significantly lower in SL/BC-amended soil than in the experiment with SL alone, and did not differ significantly from the Σ16 Cfree content in the control soil. The largest decrease relative to the soil with sewage sludge alone was observed for 3-, 5- and 6-ring PAHs. This is the first field-based evidence that biochar soil amendment was effective to reduce of the Cfree of PAHs in sewage sludge-amended soils.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Freely dissolved (C<SUB>free</SUB>) PAHs was evaluated in sewage sludge-biochar-amended soil. </LI> <LI> Application of sewage sludge alone increased C<SUB>free</SUB> PAHs content in soil. </LI> <LI> Biochar added with sewage sludge contributed to a decrease in the C<SUB>free</SUB> PAHs. </LI> <LI> Reduction of C<SUB>free</SUB> PAHs depended on biochar contribution in sewage sludge. </LI> </UL> </P>

Biochar for composting improvement and contaminants reduction. A review

Godlewska, Paulina,Schmidt, Hans Peter,Ok, Yong Sik,Oleszczuk, Patryk Elsevier Applied Science 2017 Bioresource technology Vol.246 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Biochar is characterised by a large specific surface area, porosity, and a large amount of functional groups. All of those features cause that biochar can be a potentially good material in the optimisation of the process of composting and final compost quality. The objective of this study was to compile the current knowledge on the possibility of biochar application in the process of composting and on the effect of biochar on compost properties and on the content of contaminants in compost. The paper presents the effect of biochar on compost maturity indices, composting temperature and moisture, and also on the content and bioavailability of nutrients and of organic and inorganic contaminants. In the paper note is also taken of the effect of biochar added to composted material on plants, microorganisms and soil invertebrates.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Biochar as a bulking agent possesses constructive features to assist composting. </LI> <LI> Effect of biochar on composting depends on biochar and feedstock properties. </LI> <LI> Biochar decreases bioavailability and uptake of contaminants from compost. </LI> <LI> Generally, biochar reduces harmful effect of feedstock on living organisms. </LI> </UL> </P>

Combined toxicity of endosulfan and phenanthrene mixtures and induced molecular changes in adult Zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>)

Kim, Kyeongnam,Jeon, Hwang-Ju,Choi, Sung-Deuk,Tsang, Daniel C.W.,Oleszczuk, Patryk,Ok, Yong Sik,Lee, Hoi-Seon,Lee, Sung-Eun Elsevier 2018 CHEMOSPHERE - Vol.194 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Individual and combined toxicities of endosulfan (ENDO) with phenanthrene (PHE) were evaluated using zebrafish (<I>Danio rerio</I>) adults. The 96-h LC<SUB>50</SUB> values for ENDO and PHE were 4.6 μg L<SUP>−1</SUP> and 920 μg L<SUP>−1</SUP>, respectively. To evaluate the mixture toxicity, LC<SUB>10</SUB> and LC<SUB>50</SUB> concentrations were grouped into four combinations as ENDO-LC<SUB>10</SUB> + PHE-LC<SUB>10</SUB>, ENDO-LC<SUB>10</SUB> + PHE-LC<SUB>50</SUB>, ENDO-LC<SUB>50</SUB> + PHE-LC<SUB>10</SUB>, and ENDO-LC<SUB>50</SUB> + PHE-LC<SUB>50</SUB>, and their acute toxicities were determined. The combination of LC<SUB>50</SUB>-ENDO and LC<SUB>10</SUB>-PHE exhibited a synergistic effect. In addition, acetylcholinesterase activity decreased in zebrafish bodies exposed to ENDO with or without PHE. Combined treatments induced higher glutathione <I>S</I>-transferase activity compared to individual treatments. Carboxylesterase activity increased in both heads and bodies of ENDO-treated fishes compared with PHE-treated fishes. Using RT-qPCR technique, CYP1A gene expression significantly up-regulated in all combinations, whereas CYP3A was unchanged, suggesting that enzymes involved in defense may play different roles in the detoxification. CYP7A1 gene responsible for bile acid biosynthesis is dramatically down-regulated after exposure to the synergistic combination exposure, referring that the synergistic effect may be resulted from the reduction of bile production in zebrafishes. Among gender-related genes, CYP11A1 and CYP17A1 genes in female zebrafish decreased after treatment with ENDO alone and combination of LC<SUB>50</SUB>-ENDO and LC<SUB>10</SUB>-PHE. This might be related to a reduction in cortisol production. The overall results indicated that ENDO and PHE were toxic to zebrafish adults both individually and in combination, and that their co-presence induced changes in the expression of genes responsible for metabolic processes and defense mechanisms.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Combined toxicity of endosulfan and phenanthrene up-regulated CYP1A, <I>ugt1a1</I>, and <I>sult1st1</I> genes. </LI> <LI> Combined toxicity showed a synergistic effect with a down-regulation in bile acid biosynthesis. </LI> <LI> Adrenal steroidogenesis in female zebrafishes was severely affected by endosulfan treatment. </LI> <LI> Fish gender should be considered for future toxicological studies. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Biochar-supported nZVI (nZVI/BC) for contaminant removal from soil and water: A critical review

Wang, Shengsen,Zhao, Mingyue,Zhou, Min,Li, Yuncong C.,Wang, Jun,Gao, Bin,Sato, Shinjiro,Feng, Ke,Yin, Weiqin,Igalavithana, Avanthi Deshani,Oleszczuk, Patryk,Wang, Xiaozhi,Ok, Yong Sik Elsevier 2019 Journal of hazardous materials Vol.373 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The promising characteristics of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) have not been fully exploited owing to intrinsic limitations. Carbon-enriched biochar (BC) has been widely used to overcome the limitations of nZVI and improve its reaction with environmental pollutants. This work reviews the preparation of nZVI/BC nanocomposites; the effects of BC as a supporting matrix on the nZVI crystallite size, dispersion, and oxidation and electron transfer capacity; and its interaction mechanisms with contaminants. The literature review suggests that the properties and preparation conditions of BC (e.g., pore structure, functional groups, feedstock composition, and pyrogenic temperature) play important roles in the manipulation of nZVI properties. This review discusses the interactions of nZVI/BC composites with heavy metals, nitrates, and organic compounds in soil and water. Overall, BC contributes to the removal of contaminants because it can attenuate contaminants on the surface of nZVI/BC; it also enhances electron transfer from nZVI to target contaminants owing to its good electrical conductivity and improves the crystallite size and dispersion of nZVI. This review is intended to provide insights into methods of optimizing nZVI/BC synthesis and maximizing the efficiency of nZVI in environmental cleanup.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Aggregation and passivation of nZVI can be alleviated by surfactants and doping methods. </LI> <LI> BC hinders corrosion and improves the dispersion and electron transfer of nZVI. </LI> <LI> Properties of nZVI depend on those of the BC, feedstock and pyrogenic temperature. </LI> <LI> BC enhances electron transfer from nZVI to the contaminants due to the presence of quinone and graphene moieties. </LI> <LI> nZVI/BC shows strong ability to remove HMs, nitrates, and organic contaminants in soil and water. </LI> </UL> </P>