하서(河西) 김린후(金麟厚)와 조선(朝鮮) 중기의 성리학

조남남 ( Nan Nan Zhao ),유나(번역) 퇴계학연구원 2012 退溪學報 Vol.132 No.-

16세기는 조선성리학이 크게 발전하고 학자들도 많이 배출된 시기였다. 호남의 河西 김인후 선생은 바로 조선성리학의 초창기에서 성장기로 넘어가는 과정 중의 인물로서, 그의 학술적 내용과 사상적 요지는 대체적으로 이 시기 조선성리학이 주목하고 있던 문제점과 이론적 특징을 잘 반영하고 있다. 이 글에서는 태극 음양 사단칠정 인심도심 등 조선성리학의 핵심적 내용에 착안하여 수직적으로는 이런 문제에 대한 河西의 관점을 파악하고 수평적으로는 河西가 다른 학자들과 이런 문제를 처리하는데 지니고 있던 같은 점과 다른 점을 비교해 보려하며, 더 나아가 조선중기성리학이 程朱理學을 발전시키고 풍부하게 한 이론적 대응 방식과 특징을 분석해보려 한다. In the 16th century, the Neo-confucianism of Chosun Dynasty had a tremendous development, many famous scholars emerged. KimHa-Shu is the watersheds in the period from the beginning to the maturity stage of the Neo-confuciansim of Chosun Dynasty. His acdemic content and thought`s orientation can reflect the core of the subjects and the characteristic of the thoeries concerned by the academic field of this period. This article bases on some important concepts and discussion, T` ai-chi and Yin Yang, Si-duan and Qi-ch`in, Jen-hsin and Dao-hsin, etc, then tends to horizontally grasp Kim Ha-Shu`s points about these question and vertically compare the similarities and differences between Kim Ha-Shu and other scholars. The final aim of this article is to analysis the new pattern and characteristic in the terms of thoery to develop and enrich the Neo-coufucianism by the scholars of Chosun Dynasty.

传统与师道

趙楠楠(Nan-nan, Zhao) 강원한국학연구원 2016 국제한국학저널 Vol.1 No.-

在中国文化中,“师”作为一种社会身份是承载和传承传统的重要符号之一。师者不仅限于一种职业称谓,更以求道、载道为己任。师者作为传统的象征,与中国文化生命以“教”为核心的成长方式紧密相关。传统与师道是彼此需要、彼此激 荡的互动关系。师者是传统得以承续、发展之所依,传统是师者安身立命之所存。 In Chinese culture, TEACHERS as a social identity has been the vital role in and disseminating and inheriting our cultural tradition. THEACHERS is more than an occupational appellation, the teachers ought to take the responsibility of quest and transmission of Tao or Truth. Why TEACHERS plays such an important role in Chinese culture is closely to related to the significance of Teaching that is the core growth mode of Chinese cultural life. There is a indispensable and interactive relation between Tradition and Teachers’ ethos. The cultural tradition can be inherited and developed depending on the teachers’ working, meanwhile the cultural tradition is the spirit homeland of the teachers.

Synthesis and Characterization of Highly Crystalline Anatase Nanowire Arrays

Zhao, Yong-Nan,Lee, U-Hwang,Suh, Myung-Koo,Kwon, Young-Uk Korean Chemical Society 2004 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.25 No.9

We developed a novel synthesis strategy of titania nanowire arrays by employing simple hydrothermal reaction and ion-exchange reaction techniques. Hydrothermal reactions of metallic titanium powder with $H_2O_2$ in a 10 M NaOH solution produced a new sodium titanate compound, $Na_2Ti_6O_{13}{\cdot}xH_2O$ (x~4.2), as arrays of nanowires of lengths up to 1 mm. Acid-treatment followed by calcination of this material produced arrays of highly crystalline anatase nanowires as evidenced by x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy studies. In both cases of sodium titanate and anatase, the nanowires have exceptionally large aspect ratios of 10,000 or higher, and they form arrays over a large area of $1.5 {\times} 3 cm^2$. Observations on the reaction products with varied conditions indicate that the array formation requires simultaneously controlled formation and crystal growth rates of the $Na_2Ti_6O_{13}{\cdot}xH_2O$ phase.

Effect of Template Removal on Synthesis of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Mesoporous MCM-48

Zhao, Ya Nan,Li, San Xi,Han, Chong-Soo Korean Chemical Society 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.10

Post-synthesis is used to synthesize organic hybrid inorganic mesoporous sieves. In this method, the activity and structure of the base sieve are crucial to obtain the definable hybrid materials. The chemical and physical properties of the base can be largely changed either by the final step of its synthesizing processes, by template removal which is accomplished with the oxidative thermal decomposition (burning) method or by solvent extraction method. In this paper we compared two methods for the post-synthesis of organic hybrid MCM-48. When the template was extracted with HCl/alcohol mixture, the final product showed larger pore size, larger pore volume and better crystallinity compared to the case of the thermal decomposition. The reactivity of the surface silanol group of template free MCM-48 was also checked with an alkylsilylation reagent $CH_2=CHSi(OC_2H_5)_3$. Raman and $^{29}Si$ NMR spectra of MCM-48 in the test reaction indicated that more of the organic group was grafted to the surface of the sample after the template was removed with the solvent extraction method. Direct synthesis of vinyl-MCM-48 was also investigated and its characteristics were compared with the case of post-synthesis. From the results, it was suggested that the structure and chemical reactivity can be maintained in the solvent extraction method and that organic grafting after the solvent extraction can be a good candidate to synthesize a definable hybrid porous material.

Effect of Aged Lubricating Oil on the Regeneration of Diesel Particulate Filters and Ash Physical Characteristics with Non-Thermal Plasma Technology

Zhao Nan,Cai Yi-xi,Shi Yunxi,Wang Weikai,Ni Sijia 한국자동차공학회 2021 International journal of automotive technology Vol.22 No.5

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of lubricating oil age on the generation of diesel particulate filters (DPF) by non-thermal plasma (NTP) technology and to characterize the physical properties of ash. The regeneration status was evaluated by the concentration of regeneration products and regeneration temperature. The compositional and morphological characteristics of ash were analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Compared with DPF@L-fresh, the internal regeneration temperature was reduced in DPF@L-age. The unit removal time of carbon was 39.23 min/g for DPF@L-fresh but was reduced to 34.87 min/g for DPF@L-age, which indicated that the efficiency of NTP regeneration increased. Shorter regeneration time and lower airflow resistance caused by NTP technology aided the formation of a unique chain-type ash with the structure of a hollow column. Several fine particles that had formed by the condensation of volatiles were distributed on the ash surface of the aged lubricant, and the ash clusters were loosely combined. TEM images revealed that ash was mostly composed of a crystal structure, that the ash dimension of aged lubricant decreased, and that the adhesion between ash particulates was weak.

Study on the Coupled Effects of Bentonite and High-Volume Fly Ash on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC)

Nan Zhao,Sheliang Wang,Xiaoyi Quan,Chunxuan Wang 대한토목학회 2019 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.23 No.6

With the advantage of superior crack width control ability, stress transmission capacity and energy dissipation capacity, engineered cementitious composites (ECC) show ultra-high strain hardening characteristic, and its ultimate tensile strain can reach 3% to 7%, which is hundreds of times that of the normal concrete when cracking occurs. As a new kind of building material, ECC need to get more sustainable through adding vicinal materials. In the present research, we investigate the influence of ternary binder system of bentonite, fly ash (FA) and cement (C) on the mechanical behaviours and microstructures of ECC. The ratio of FA/ C were 1.2, 1.8, 2.4 and the amount of bentonite by mass of ternary binder system were 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% in each FA/C ratio, respectively. The flexural strength, flexural deflection capacity and compressive strength were tested at 14, 28 and 90 curing time. The results show that ECC with combined supplementary cementitious materials have the behavior of strain hardening. Moreover, it was found that higher FA/C ratio and higher bentonite content can improve the flexural deflection capacity. In addition, there is a decrease in flexural strength and compressive strength with the increase in FA/C ratio and bentonite content. Furthermore, it could be seen that fly ash and bentonite are beneficial to the long-term strength development of ECC.

Robust Power Control for Cognitive Radio in Spectrum Underlay Networks

( Nan Zhao ),( Hongjian Sun ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2011 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.5 No.7

Power control is a key technique in spectrum underlay cognitive network to guarantee the interference temperature limit of the primary users (PUs) and the quality of service of the secondary users (SUs). In this paper, a robust power control scheme via link gain pricing with H∞ estimator is proposed. The scheme guarantees the interference temperature of the PUs through operating in the network-centric manner, and keeps the fairness between the SUs through link gain pricing. Furthermore, the H∞ filter is also used in the proposed scheme to estimate the channel variation, and thus the power control scheme is robust to the severe channel fading. Plenty of simulations are taken, and prove its superior robust performance against the channel fading, and its effectiveness in guaranteeing the interference temperature limit of the PUs.

Robust H∞ Power Control for CDMA Systems in User-Centric and Network-Centric Manners

Nan Zhao,Zhilu Wu,Yaqin Zhao,Taifan Quan 한국전자통신연구원 2009 ETRI Journal Vol.31 No.4

In this paper, we present a robust H∞ distributed power control scheme for wireless CDMA communication systems. The proposed scheme is obtained by optimizing an objective function consisting of the user’s performance degradation and the network interference, and it enables a user to address various user-centric and network-centric objectives by updating power in either a greedy or energy efficient manner. The control law is fully distributed in the sense that only its own channel variation needs to be estimated for each user. The proposed scheme is robust to channel fading due to the immediate decision of the power allocation of the next time step based on the estimations from the H∞ filter. Simulation results demonstrate the robustness of the scheme to the uncertainties of the channel and the excellent performance and versatility of the scheme with users adapting transmit power either in a user-centric or a network-centric efficient manner.

D-Lactic Acid Production by Sporolactobacillus inulinus Y2-8 Immobilized in Fibrous Bed Bioreactor Using Corn Flour Hydrolyzate

( Ting Zhao ),( Dong Liu ),( Hengfei Ren ),( Xinchi Shi ),( Nan Zhao ),( Yong Chen ),( Hanjie Ying ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2014 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.24 No.12

In this study, a fibrous bed bioreactor (FBB) was used for D-lactic acid (D-LA) production by Sporolactobacillus inulinus Y2-8. Corn flour hydrolyzed with α-amylase and saccharifying enzyme was used as a cost-efficient and nutrient-rich substrate for D-LA production. A maximal starch conversion rate of 93.78% was obtained. The optimum pH for D-LA production was determined to be 6.5. Ammonia water was determined to be an ideal neutralizing agent, which improved the D-LA production and purification processes. Batch fermentation and fedbatch fermentation, with both free cells and immobilized cells, were compared to highlight the advantages of FBB fermentation. In batch mode, the D-LA production rate of FBB fermentation was 1.62 g/l/h, which was 37.29% higher than that of free-cell fermentation, and the D-LA optical purities of the two fermentation methods were above 99.00%. In fed-batch mode, the maximum D-LA concentration attained by FBB fermentation was 218.8 g/l, which was 37.67% higher than that of free-cell fermentation. Repeated-batch fermentation was performed to determine the long-term performance of the FBB system, and the data indicated that the average D-LA production rate was 1.62 g/l/h and the average yield was 0.98 g/g. Thus, hydrolyzed corn flour fermented by S. inulinus Y2-8 in a FBB may be used for improving D-LA fermentation by using ammonia water as the neutralizing agent.

Quinetides: diverse posttranslational modified peptides of ribonuclease-like storage protein from Panax quinquefolius as markers for differentiating ginseng species

Qiang Zhao,Yunpeng Bai,Dan Liu,Nan Zhao,Huiyuan Gao,Xiaozhe Zhang 고려인삼학회 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.5

Background: Peptides have diverse and important physiological roles in plants and are ideal markers for species identification. It is unclear whether there are specific peptides in Panax quinquefolius L. (PQ). The aims of this study were to identify Quinetides, a series of diverse posttranslational modified native peptides of the ribonuclease-like storage protein (ginseng major protein), from PQ to explore novel peptide markers and develop a new method to distinguish PQ from Panax ginseng. Methods: We used different fragmentation modes in the LTQ Orbitrap analysis to identify the enriched Quinetide targets of PQ, and we discovered Quinetide markers of PQ and P. ginseng using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis. These “peptide markers” were validated by simultaneously monitoring Rf and F11 as standard ginsenosides. Results: We discovered 100 Quinetides of PQ with various post-translational modifications (PTMs), including a series of glycopeptides, all of which originated from the protein ginseng major protein. We effectively distinguished PQ from P. ginseng using new “peptide markers.” Four unique peptides (Quinetides TP6 and TP7 as markers of PQ and Quinetides TP8 and TP9 as markers of P. ginseng) and their associated glycosylation products were discovered in PQ and P. ginseng. Conclusion: We provide specific information on PQ peptides and propose the clinical application of peptide markers to distinguish PQ from P. ginseng.