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New findings from CREAMS Observations: Water Masses and Eddies in the East Sea
Kim, Kuh,Kim, Kyung-Ryul,Kim, Young-Gyu,Cho, Yang-Ki,Chung, Jong-Yul,Choi, Byung-Ho,Byun, Sang-Kyung,Hong, Gi-Hoon,Takematsu, Masaki,Yoon, Jong-Hwan,Volkov, Yuri,Danchenkov, Mikhail The Korean Society of Oceanography 1996 Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography Vol.31 No.4
CREAMS (Circulation Research of the East Asian Marginal Seas) is an international research program, which began in 1993 in order to understand the water mass structure and circulation in the East Sea. Since the beginning of CREAMS, there have been four cruises in the summer and two in the winter, covering most parts of the East Sea for the first time in more than 60 years since the historical survey reported by Uda (1934). CREAMS investigations have provided many new insights into the various aspects of oceanographic problems in the East Sea such as water masses, deep sea currents and circulation, eddies, particle fluxes and so on. In this paper, we briefly review understandings before CREAMS and summarize initial new findings from CREAMS expeditions in terms of water masses and currents.
Kim, Seong-Yeon,Na, Yeon-Joo,Kim, Dong-Ju,Kim, Yeong-Seok,Kim, Hyeong-Min,Hwang, Sung-Ha,Kwak, Ji-Yeon,Kuh, Hyo-Jeong,Lee, Jae-Hwi The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2012 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.16 No.3
The objective of the present study was to establish the method of measurement of hydrogen peroxide and to estimate the anti-oxidative effect of genistein in the skin. UVB induced skin oxidation and anti-oxidative effect of genistein formulations were evaluated by determining levels of hydrogen peroxide. The mechanism involved in the determination of hydrogen peroxide is based on a color reaction between ferric ion ($Fe^{3+}$) and xylenol orange, often called FOX assay and subsequent monitoring of absorbance values of the reactant at 540 nm. The reaction was to some extent pH-dependent and detection sensitivity was greatest at pH 1.75. Genistein liposomal gel demonstrated better anti-oxidative effect with regard to lowering hydrogen peroxide levels elevated by UVB irradiation compared to genistein-suspended gel. A linear relationship has been observed between anti-oxidative effect of genistein and drug deposition in the skin tissue. Genistein liposomal gel resulting in the localization of the drug in the deeper skin led to improved anti-oxidative effect compared to genistein gel. The suggested method for evaluation of oxidation of the skin can be used as a tool to screen effective anti-oxidative agents and their delivery systems acting on the skin.
Pharmacokinetics of Primaquine and Carboxyprimaquine in Korean Patients with Vivax Malaria
Kim, Yang-Ree,Kuh, Hyo-Jeong,Kim, Mi-Young,Kim, Yo-Sook,Chung, Woo-Chul,Kim, Sang-Il,Kang, Moon-Won The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2004 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.27 No.5
Primaquine is used for relapses caused by vivax malaria hypnozoites. No studies on the pharmacokinetics of primaquine (PMQ) has been reported in Korean patients. In our study, thirty vivax malaria patients were given 15 mg primaquine daily for 14 days after 3 days of chloroquine treatment. Plasma samples were taken at intervals after each daily dose of PMQ for 3 days. Plasma concentrations of PMQ and carboxyprimaquine (CPMQ), the major metabolite of primaquine, were measured by HPLC. The PMQ concentrations reached a maximum of 0.28$\pm$0.18 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL at 1.5 h after the first dose. The maximum concentration of CPMQ was 0.32$\pm$0.13 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL at 4 h. Higher drug concentrations with repeated dosing were observed for CPMQ, but not for the parent drug, PMQ. The elimination half-life was 3.76$\pm$1.8 hand 15.7$\pm$12.2 h, for PMQ and CPMQ, respectively. Large variation in the plasma concentrations of both drugs was observed. Overall, PMQ is absorbed and metabolized rapidly after oral administration. It was noted that the mean peak plasma concentration of PMQ was significantly higher and that of CPMQ was lower in our patients compared to other studies. This suggests a potential difference of inter-ethnic groups, which warrants further investigations.
Seong Yeon Kim,Yeon Joo Na,Dongju Kim,Yeongseok Kim,Hyeong Min Kim,Sung-Ha Hwang,Jiyeon Kwak,Hyo-Jeong Kuh,Jaehwi Lee 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2012 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.16 No.3
The objective of the present study was to establish the method of measurement of hydrogen peroxide and to estimate the anti-oxidative effect of genistein in the skin. UVB induced skin oxidation and anti-oxidative effect of genistein formulations were evaluated by determining levels of hydrogen peroxide. The mechanism involved in the determination of hydrogen peroxide is based on a color reaction between ferric ion (Fe<sup>3+</sup>) and xylenol orange, often called FOX assay and subsequent monitoring of absorbance values of the reactant at 540 nm. The reaction was to some extent pH-dependent and detection sensitivity was greatest at pH 1.75. Genistein liposomal gel demonstrated better anti-oxidative effect with regard to lowering hydrogen peroxide levels elevated by UVB irradiation compared to genistein-suspended gel. A linear relationship has been observed between anti-oxidative effect of genistein and drug deposition in the skin tissue. Genistein liposomal gel resulting in the localization of the drug in the deeper skin led to improved anti-oxidative effect compared to genistein gel. The suggested method for evaluation of oxidation of the skin can be used as a tool to screen effective anti-oxidative agents and their delivery systems acting on the skin.
Pharmacokinetics of Primaquine and Carboxyprimaquine in Korean Patients with Vivax Malaria
Yang-Ree Kim,Hyo-Jeong Kuh,Mi-Young Kim,Yo-Sook Kim,Woo-Chul Chung,Sang-Il Kim,Moon-Won Kang 대한약학회 2004 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.27 No.5
Primaquine is used for relapses caused by vivax malaria hypnozoites. No studies on the pharmacokinetics of primaquine (PMQ) has been reported in Korean patients. In our study, thirty vivax malaria patients were given 15 mg primaquine daily for 14 days after 3 days of chloroquine treatment. Plasma samples were taken at intervals after each daily dose of PMQ for 3 days. Plasma concentrations of PMQ and carboxyprimaquine (CPMQ), the major metabolite of primaquine, were measured by HPLC. The PMQ concentrations reached a maximum of 0.28±0.18 mg/mL at 1.5 h after the first dose. The maximum concentration of CPMQ was 0.32±0.13 mg/mL at 4 h. Higher drug concentrations with repeated dosing were observed for CPMQ, but not for the parent drug, PMQ. The elimination half-life was 3.76±1.8 h and 15.7±12.2 h, for PMQ and CPMQ, respectively. Large variation in the plasma concentrations of both drugs was observed. Overall, PMQ is absorbed and metabolized rapidly after oral administration. It was noted that the mean peak plasma concentration of PMQ was significantly higher and that of CPMQ was lower in our patients compared to other studies. This suggests a potential difference of inter-ethnic groups, which warrants further investigations.
Performance Degradation of c-Si Solar Cells Under UV Exposure
Kim, H.,Choi, P.,Kim, K.,Kuh, H.,Beak, D.,Lee, J.,Yi, J.,Choi, B. American Scientific Publishers 2014 Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology Vol.14 No.5
Current Voltage (I-V) and Capacitance-Voltage (C-V) characteristics of crystalline silicon solar cells were obtained under UV exposure. The solar cell parameters degraded with increasing exposure time. For example, open-circuit voltage (V-oc), short-circuit current (J(sc)), fill-factor (FF) and efficiency (eta) were degraded. In this study, solar cell did not degrade at the p-n junction or silicon substrate effective lifetime by UltraViolet (UV) light exposure. The main degradation occurred at the SiNx layer, the commonly used anti-reflection coating (ARC), due to the positive charges generated by the high-energy UV light source. UV light changed the characteristics of the SiNx layer and the Si/SiNx interface to degrade the cell efficiency.
Long-term and Real-time Monitoring System of the East/Japan Sea
Kim, Kuh,Kim, Yun-Bae,Park, Jong-Jin,Nam, Sung-Hyun,Park, Kyung-Ae,Chang, Kyung-Il The Korean Society of Oceanography 2005 Ocean science journal Vol.40 No.1
Long-term, continuous, and real-time ocean monitoring has been undertaken in order to evaluate various oceanographic phenomena and processes in the East/Japan Sea. Recent technical advances combined with our concerted efforts have allowed us to establish a real-time monitoring system and to accumulate considerable knowledge on what has been taking place in water properties, current systems, and circulation in the East Sea. We have obtained information on volume transport across the Korea Strait through cable voltage measurements and continuous temperature and salinity profile data from ARGO floats placed throughout entire East Sea since 1997. These ARGO float data have been utilized to estimate deep current, inertial kinetic energy, and changes in water mass, especially in the northern East Sea. We have also developed the East Sea Real-time Ocean Buoy (ESROB) in coastal regions and made continual improvements till it has evolved into the most up-to-date and effective monitoring system as a result of remarkable technical progress in data communication systems. Atmospheric and oceanic measurements by ESROB have contributed to the recognition of coastal wind variability, current fluctuations, and internal waves near and off the eastern coast of Korea. Long-tenn current meter moorings have been in operation since 1996 between Ulleungdo and Dokdo to monitor the interbasin deep water exchanges between the Japanese and Ulleung Basins. In addition, remotely sensed satellite data could facilitate the investigation of atmospheric and oceanic surface conditions such as sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface height, near-surface winds, oceanic color, surface roughness, and so on. These satellite data revealed surface frontal structures with a fairly good spatial resolution, seasonal cycle of SST, atmospheric wind forcing, geostrophic current anomalies, and biogeochemical processes associated with physical forcing and processes. Since the East Sea has been recognized as a natural laboratory for global oceanic changes and a clue to abrupt climate change, we aim at constructing a 4-D continuous real-time monitoring system, over a decade at least, using the most advanced techniques to understand a variety of oceanic processes in the East Sea.
Generation mechanism of near-inertial internal waves observed off the East Coast of Korea
Kim, Hey-Jin,Park, Young-Gyu,Kim, Kuh Elsevier 2005 Continental shelf research Vol.25 No.14
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Near-inertial internal waves of frequency 0.0535cph with upward or downward phase propagations were observed off the east coast of Korea where the local inertial frequency is 0.0510cph. Using a linear model in which the motion in the mixed layer is driven by the local wind stress as in earlier studies, we have investigated generation mechanism of the observed waves. The model reproduces waves with upward phase velocity well and shows that the waves were driven by the local wind stress. The model, however, cannot reproduce the waves with downward phase velocity, because the model requires an energy source at the surface while the waves require an energy source at the bottom. The waves, instead, were due to bottom reflection of waves propagating from the south along the isobaths.</P>