The same generalizations in three different accounts of North Kyungsang Korean prosodic phrasing

No-Ju Kim 한국음운론학회 2004 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.10 No.1

No-Ju Kim. 2004. The same generalizations in three different accounts of North Kyungsang Korean prosodic phrasing. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 10.1. 111.128. Since N. Kim (1997, 2000), at least two additional papers on North Kyungsang Korean prosodic phrasing have come out by two scholars: Sohn (2001) and S. Kim (2002). Sohn (2001) deals with five generalizations proposed in N. Kim (1997). In addition, S. Kim (2002) deals with three of the generalizations proposed in N. Kim (1997, 2000). Readers can now encounter three different researchers’ works on the same phenomenon in the same dialect and arriving at the same generalizations. Because of these similarities as well as a lack of explicit recognition of previous studies, it is very hard for readers to judge by whom, when, and where the generalizations have been made first. This paper shows that the generalizations are made explicitly in N. Kim (1997, 2000) first. Since, despite the similarities, Sohn (2001) and S. Kim (2002) propose accounts different from N. Kim (1997, 2000), there still remains a question of which account is more elegant. This paper shows that N. Kim’s account is more adequate than Sohn (2001), which uses the three problematic constraints, Maximum Binarity, Wrap-XP, and Align-XP, and S. Kim (2002), which proposes a serial rule-based analysis. (Kyungpook National University).

The Two Structure-sensitive Constraints OCP(XP) and C-command in Korean Prosodic Phrasing

( Kim No-ju ) 대한영어영문학회 2009 영어영문학연구 Vol.35 No.4

N. Kim’s previous studies have shown that properties both of phonology and of syntax play a significant role in defining a P-phrase in Korean. Among the constraints that play major roles in N. Kim’s studies, the constraints OCP(XP) and C-command are structure-sensitive in that they make a judgement on syntactic structures the words of an identical P-phrase can or cannot have. Though these two constraints played major roles in N. Kim’s previous studies, it turns out (i) that the constraint OCP(XP) is no longer necessary and (ii) that the constraint C-command needs to be revised. Eliminating OCP(XP) and making a revision to C-command, this paper aims to simplify and develop the area of prosodic phrasing in Korean phonology. (Kyungpook University)

A Phonological Weight Effect on Prosodic Phrasing : With Reference to Chonnam Korean

Kim No-Ju 신영어영문학회 2004 신영어영문학 Vol.29 No.-

Defining prosodic phrases, which differ from syntactic phrases, is critical to phrase-level phonology because there is no one-to-one correspondence between syntactic phrases and prosodic ones. All the previous studies but N. Kim (1997, 2000, 2004) have one thing in common in that a P-phrase is argued to be formed by referring to syntactic structure only. However, N. Kim shows that, in North Kyungsang Korean, none of the syntax-based theories work when the length of the complement NP is longer than two words. To solve this problem, N. Kim proposes a set of constraints which regulate the weight of P-phrases, arguing that for prosodic phrasing, phonological weight as well as syntactic properties needs to be considered. This paper shows that N. Kim’s argument is also tenable for the data from Chonnam Korean.

Dual role of a teacher's pronunciation in loanword phonology: as an output as well as an input

No-Ju Kim 한국음운론학회 2003 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.9 No.1

Kim, No-Ju. 2003. Dual role of a teacher's pronunciation in loanword phonology: as an output as well as an input. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 9.1. 37-50. Loanword phonology has been studied within the frameworks of both Optimality Theory (S.-K. Kang 1995, Lee 1995, H. Kang 1996,Oh 1996, Yoo 1996) and Correspondence Theory (O.-M. Kang 1996, Cho 1998). These previous studies have one thing in common in that they recognize loanwords as a separate group that differs somehow from native words. This paper shows that there is no real difference between loanword phonology and native phonology. The apparent difference results because previous studies do not consider all of the relevant factors that exist in the word-learning situation. In Teaching English as a Foreign Language and loanword phonology, a teacher's pronunciation plays a dual role as an output as well as an input. Hence, between a student's pronunciation and a teacher's pronunciation, both the 10 constraints and 00 constraints operate together. Recognizing this fact, a unified account of both loanword phonology and native phonology can be made. (Kyungpook National University).

The Output-to-Output Weight-Identity Constraint in the Forms Related by Optional Rules

No-Ju Kim,Hyang-Sook Sohn 한국음운론학회 1999 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.5 No.2

No-Ju Kim & Hyang-Sook Sohn. 1999. The Output-to-Output Weight-Identity Constraint in the Forms Related by Optional Rules. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 5.2, 323-336. This paper shows that compensatory lengthening occurs in Korean only in the forms related by optional phonological or morphological rules. This peculiarity is explained within the framework of Correspondence Theory by the Output-to-Output (00) Weight-Identity Constraint, which regulates weight identity between the two possible output forms. This paper argues that the notion of faithfulness is extensible to the forms related not only by morphological rules but also by phonological rules. (Kyungpook National University)

Asymmetrical Distribution of Long Vowels in Connection with a H in North Kyungsang Korean

( No Ju Kim ) 한국현대언어학회 2010 언어연구 Vol.26 No.3

In this paper the distribution of long vowels in connection with a H in North Kyungsang Korean is investigated. Unlike Seoul Korean, long vowels can manifest themselves without limitations in this variety of Korean, i.e., word-internally as well as word-initially and word-finally. N. Kim (1997) claims that long vowels can surface only if they attract H`s on the surface. This generalization is embodied by his assumption that the constraint Weight-to-Tone Principle (WTP) outranks MAX (m). In line with this generalization, this paper verifies that long vowels exhibit distributional asymmetry in connection with a H; they can sponsor a singly-linked H and also occur at the left edge of a doubly-linked H, but they cannot appear at the right edge of a doubly-linked H. Revision of N. Kim`s (1997) WTP is required to explain this distributional asymmetry that long vowels exhibit. This revision enables us to cover a seemingly exceptional behavior of a floating H with a heavy derivational suffix and an apparently unexpected vowel shortening at the phrase level.

地域綜合開發計劃의 樹立을 爲限 住民開發需要調査 分析 : 慶尙北道 永川郡事例를 中心으로 A case study of the Youngchen Gun , Kyngsang Buk Do

최외출,박노보,김문식,정하광,이정주 영남대학교 지역발전연구소 1995 새마을지역개발연구 Vol.17 No.-

The purpose of this study is to establish the integrated rural development plan based on the consciousness and development need of inhabitants in Youngchen Gun. Youngchen Gun is located near metropolitan Taegu city. It is a satellite town of Taegu. In the future it will become an industrial, educational center in a gardenlike environment. Youngchen Gun is an area having high level of the settlement consciousness in comparison with the other counties in Kyngsang Buk Do, but it has as ever the structural problem of rural. Obtained results of this study are as follows : 1. In a section of regional settlement consciousness, it is needed to establish the well organized settlement system. 2. In a section of zone of life, it is necessary to expand a marketing route for inhabitants. 3. In a section of agricultural industry, it is needed to expand the facilities for circulation, to improve an income crops and mechanize an agriculture. 4. In a section of residence, it is needed to expand the facilities of life benefit and enlarge housing lands. 5. In a section of transportation, it is needed to extend all sort of roads and traffic facilities. 6. In a section of education, it is necessary to elevate the qualities of education and modernize the education facilities. 7. In a section of medical service, it is needed to increase the medical specialist and expand medical facilities. 8. In a section of cultural service and welfare, it is necessary to establish and increase cultural and welfare facilities.

地域綜合開發計劃의 背景과 實際 : 경산지역을 중심으로 A Case of Kyongsan Region

최외출,박노보,김문식,정하광,이정주 영남대학교 지역발전연구소 1995 새마을지역개발연구 Vol.17 No.-

The purpose of this study is to examine background and characteristics of integrated rural development policy facing localization ages and to find out the effective ways for integrated rural development planning responding local settlement development and local autonomy. For this study, the case of Kyongsan region development planning was adopted. Policy issues were summarized as follows : 1. Endeavours for self-reliant regional development should be region-wide. Especially, residents, local government, local council, and local group concerned should be integrated through mutual cooperation. 2. Policy processes, including policy agend setting, policy making, policy implementation, policy evalution, should be opened to the public and should be institutionalized with the arrangement of participation of residents and experts. 3. Institutional arrangement should be made to compensate for scarce resources for regional development.

Two Different Types of Compounds in North Kyungsang Korean

Kim No-Ju(김노주) 신영어영문학회 2003 신영어영문학 Vol.24 No.-

본 논문의 목적은 경북방언의 복합어를 분석하여 서로 다른 두 가지 유형의 복합어들이 어떻게 공존하고 있는가를 설명하는데 있다. 이 두 유형의 복합어들은 서로 상이한 성조 패턴을 보여주는데, 한 유형은 복합어 성조 패턴을 보이지만, 또 다른 한 유형은 일반 구(phrase)의 성조 패턴을 보여주고 있다. 문제는 이 두 유형의 복합어들이 복합어 구성요소들의 기저형의 성조 패턴, 복합어의 형태 · 통사론적 특성, 그리고 복합어 구성요소들의 어원 등을 고려해 보아도 완전히 구분되어지지 않는다는데 있다. 이 두 유형들이 구분되어지지 않기 때문에 이 두 유형 중에서 어느 한 유형은 어휘사전(lexicon)에 기록되어 있다고 볼 수밖에 없는데, 정영희(1991)의 주장을 따라서 본 논문은 복합어 성조 패턴을 보이는 유형의 복합어들이 어휘사전에 기록되어 있다고 주장한다. 그 이유는 첫째, 복합어 성조 패턴을 보이는 유형의 복합어들은 그 길이가 제한되어있지만, 일반 구의 성조 패턴을 보이는 복합어들은 그 길이에 제한이 없기 때문이다. ‘길이에 제한이 없다’는 것은 ‘수의 제한이 없음’을 의미하기 때문에, 일반 구의 성조 패턴을 보이는 복합어들은 이론상 기록이 불가능한 것이다. 두 번째로 복합어 성조 패턴을 보이는 유형의 복합어들은 생산성(productivity)이 없지만 일반 구의 성조 패턴을 보이는 복합어들은 생산성이 높기 때문에 생산성이 없는 복합어 성조 패턴을 보이는 유형의 복합어들을 어휘사전에 기록할 수밖에 없다. 마지막으로, 복합어 성조 패턴을 보이는 유형의 복합어들은 일반 구의 성조 패턴을 보이는 복합어들보다 의미에 있어서 훨씬 더 불투명(opaque)하기 때문에 어휘사전에 기록되어져 있다고 볼 수밖에 없다. 어휘사전에 기록되어 있는 복합어들을 ‘어휘적 복합어(lexical compound)'라고 부르며, 어휘사전에 기록되어 있지 않는 복합어들을 ‘비어휘적 복합어(non-lexical compound)'라고 부른다. 비어휘적 복합어들은 단어의 결합에 의해 생성된다는 의미인데 그렇다면, 어휘적 복합어가 이미 존재할 때에는 비어휘적 복합어들은 생성되지 않아야만 하는데, 이것을 설명하기 위하여 본 논문은 Aronoff (1976: 43)와 Kiparsky (1983)의 제안을 따라 ’동의어 회피제약(Avoid Synonym Constraint)'을 제안한다. 이 제약은 왜 어휘적 복합어가 이미 존재할 때에는 동일한 의미를 지닌 비어휘적 복합어가 생겨나지 않는가를 설명해주며 또, 어휘적 복합어와 비어휘적 복합어가 공존할 때에는 그것들 간에 의미차이가 있어야 함을 예측해 준다. 즉, ‘어부’라는 뜻을 지닌 어휘적 복합어 koki- ??pi가 존재할지라도 ‘고기 잡는 행위’를 나타내는 비어휘적 복합어 k?ki- ?api도 존재할 수 있음을 보여준다.

Pseudolite/Ultra-low-cost IMU Integrated Robust Indoor Navigation System Through Real-time Cycle Slip Detection and Compensation

Kim, Moon Ki,Kim, O-Jong,Kim, Youn Sil,Jeon, Sang Hoon,No, Hee Kwon,Shin, Beom Ju,Kim, Jung Beom,Kee, Changdon The Institute of Positioning 2017 Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Vol.6 No.4

In recent years, research has been actively conducted on the navigation in an indoor environment where Global Navigation Satellite System signals are unavailable. Among them, a study performed indoor navigation by integrating pseudolite carrier and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensor. However, in this case, there was no solution for the cycle slip occurring in the carrier. In another study, cycle slip detection and compensation were performed by integrating Global Positioning System (GPS) and IMU in an outdoor environment. However, in an indoor environment, cycle slip occurs more easily and frequently, and thus the occurrence of half cycle slip also increases. Accordingly, cycle slip detection based on 1 cycle unit has limitations. Therefore, in the present study, the aforementioned problems were resolved by performing indoor navigation through the integration of pseudolite and ultra-low-cost IMU embedded in a smartphone and by performing half cycle slip detection and compensation based on this. In addition, it was verified through the actual implementation of real-time navigation.