프레스티지 브랜드에 대해 소비자가 인지하는 럭셔리함의 정도와 이에 영향을 미치는 마케팅 활동 연구

김지은 ( Jieun Kim ),( Kim K Johnson ) 아시아.유럽미래학회 2016 유라시아연구 Vol.13 No.3

소비자가 특정 프레스티지 브랜드에 대해 "럭셔리하다"(럭셔리함)라고 느끼는 정도는 소비자가 프레스티지 브랜드를 구매하는 과정에 중요한 영향을 끼친다고 볼수 있겠다. 따라서 소비자가 특정 브랜드에서 느끼는``럭셔리함``은 프레스티지 브랜드 매니저들이나 마케터들에게는 성공적으로 운영해야 하는 중요한 지표가 될 수 있을 것이며, 이들 마케터들은 브랜드의 "럭셔리함(럭셔리한 정도)"을 효과적으로 운영하기 위해서 광고나 가격정책 등 다양한 마케팅 계획을 세울 수 있겠다. 이러한 상황에서 이들 브랜드매니저들이 마케팅 프로그램이 "럭셔리함" 구축에 어떤 영향을 끼치는지를 알수 있다면 보다 효과적인마케팅 프로그램을 수립하는데 큰 도움이 될 것이다. 이 연구는 이러한 프레스티지 브랜드 경영의 주요지표인 ``럭셔리함``이 마케팅 프로그램에 따라 어떻게 영향을 받는지에 대해 검증하고자 하였다. 또한 마케팅 전략 수립시 좀더 기술적이고 실무적으로 도움이 될 수 있도록 소비자행동을 이해하고자하였다. 구체적으로, 프레스티지 브랜드를 포함한 다양한 럭셔리 상품들을 구매하는 소비자층에는 럭셔리 상품에 대한 태도에 따라 두가지 소비자 그룹(elitists vs. democratics)으로 분류가 될 수 있는데, 이들의 태도에 따라 마케팅 프로그램의 결과가 어떻게 나타나는지 검증하고자 하였다. 이러한 연구는 브랜드 매니저와 마케터들에게 타겟에 따른 더욱 효과적인 마케팅을 할 수 있도록 도움이 될 것이다. 다행히도 럭셔리함을 측정하기 위해 5가지 구성요소(conspicuousness, quality, uniqueness, extendedself, hedonism)로 이루어진 BLI 스케일(Vigneron & Johnson, 2004)이 개발되었으며, 이후 이 측정도구의 신뢰성과 타당성에 의문이 제기되어 2015년에 Kim과 Johnson이 위의 측정도구를 수정하였다. 수정된BLI 스케일은 본래의 BLI 스케일과 같은 수인 5개의 요소로 구성되어 있으나 구성 요소에 있어서 다음과 같이 약간의 변동이 있다: quality, extended self, hedonism, accessibility, tradition. 또한 이 연구를 위해 5가지 마케팅 활동으로 이루어진 마케팅 믹스에 대한 소비자의 인식을 측정할 수 있는 스케일 (Yoo et al., 2000)을 사용하였으며, 이들 다섯 가지 마케팅 활동은 다음과 같다: 가격, 매장이미지, 유통망 밀집도, 광고지출액, 가격프로모션. 이 연구를 위해 데이터 수집은 미국에서 온라인 서베이 수단을 통해서 이루어졌으며, 총 253명의 답변으로 분석을 하였다. 5가지의 마케팅 믹스 요소(가격, 매장이미지, 유통망 밀집도, 광고지출액, 가격프로모션)가 5가지 요소로 구성된 ``럭셔리함``에 끼치는 영향력을 알아보기 위해 MANOVA가 사용되었으며, 위의 두 가지의 럭셔리 소비자 집단이 마케팅 활동이 럭셔리함에 끼치는 영향력에 어떻게 간섭하는지를 분석하기 위해서는 ANOVA가 사용되었다. 결론으로, 광고지출액을 제외한 4가지의 마케팅 믹스 활동은 모두 럭셔리함에 유효한 영향력을 끼치고 있음을 알 수 있었으며, 특히 가격과 유통망 밀집도가 럭셔리함의 모든 요소들에 영향을 끼치고 있었다. 구체적으로 보면, 가격과 유통망 밀집도는 럭셔리함을 구성하는 다섯 가지 요소(i.e., consumers` perceptionabout quality, extended self, hedonism, accessibility, tradition) 모두에게 영향을 끼치는 것으로 나타났으며, 매장이미지는 quality, extended self, hedonism, accessibility에만 영향을 끼치고 tradition에는 영향력이 없음이 밝혀졌다. 가격프로모션은 quality, extended self, accessibility, tradition에는 유의한 영향력이 있으나, hedonism에는 영향을 끼치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 럭셔리 상품에 대한 태도는 세가지 마케팅(가격, 유통망 밀집도, 가격프로모션) 활동 중 가격이 럭셔리함에 주는 영향력에만 간섭을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 다시 말하면, 럭셔리 상품에 대한 태도로 분류된 두 집단은 가격에 대한 영향력을 달리 받고 있었다. 즉 같은 가격 조건에서 럭셔리함에 대한 인지는 서로 달리 하고 있었다. 예를 들면, 엘리티스트 (elitist)들은 고가의 가격정책이 럭셔리함을 느끼는데매우 중요하였으나, 데모크래틱 (democratic)들은 가격이 높고 낮음에 따라 이들이 느끼는 럭셔리함의 정도가 크게 영향을 받지 않음을 볼 수 있었다. 따라서 어떤 고객을 타겟으로 하느냐에 따라서 가격 정책은 달리하여야 할 것으로 보인다. 예를 들면, 매스 럭셔리 소비자를 대상으로 운영하는 브랜드라면 럭셔리함을 유지하기 위해 너무 높은 마진을 책정하지 않을 수 있을 것이다. 그러나 유통망 밀집도와 가격프로모션의 차이에 대해 두 집단이 인식하는 럭셔리함에는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 존재하지 않았음을 볼 수 있었다. 아마도 가격프로모션이 잦은 경우 일반적으로 상품 질에 대한 신뢰도에 부정적인 영향을 끼치기 때문인 것으로 보이며, 유통망 밀집도의 경우는 실제로 프레스티지 브랜드 매장이 매우 한정적으로만 제공될 때 그 브랜드에 대해 매우 럭셔리하게 느끼기 때문일 것으로 판단된다. Consumers` belief about how luxurious a specific prestige brand is, influences consumer`s behaviors. To manage the perceived luxuriousness of a brand, marketers of a prestige brand may adopt a variety of marketing actions such as advertising, managing their store environment, conducting promotions, and so forth. In order to build efficient and effective marketing programs, a prestige brand company needs to know how their marketing programs contribute to consumer`s perceptions of their brand. Therefore, our first research question is: "How do the marketing programs of existing prestige brands affect consumer`s perceptions of the luxuriousness of the brand?" In addition, understanding consumer`s behavior is essential for marketers to make strategic and tactical decisions about specific marketing actions. Considering that there are two luxury consumer groups (i.e., the elitists vs. the democratics) who show a different attitude toward a luxury good, a question as to whether applying the same marketing strategies to shape perceptions of the luxuriousness of a brand is effective across these two consumer groups was raised. This reasoning led to the second research question; "do both groups respond similarly to a marketing program or does the program have to be customized for each group?" In order to investigate the research problems, we adopted the modified BLI scale (Kim & Johnson, 2015) to measure the perceived luxuriousness of a prestige brand and a scale to measure consumer perceptions of the five marketing mix elements(i.e., price, store image, distribution intensity, advertising expenditures, and price promotions) developed by Yoo et al.(2000). The modified BLI scale has five dimensions (i.e., quality, extended-self, hedonism, accessibility, tradition). Online survey was conducted in USA to collect data. 253 responses were used in analysis. MANOVA was conducted to assess if perception about each marketing mix element influenced components of perceived luxuriousness (i.e., quality, extended-self, hedonism, accessibility, and tradition). And ANOVA was used to investigate whether the influence of price, distribution intensity, and price promotions on overall perceived luxuriousness would be moderated by consumers`` attitude toward luxury (i.e., elitist, democratic). As a result, four marketing mix elements (i.e., price, store image, distribution intensity, and frequency of price promotion) influenced perceived luxuriousness. Only advertising expenditure did not have significant effect on perceived luxuriousness. More specifically, price and distribution intensity influenced all the dimensions of perceived luxuriousness (i.e., consumers` perception about quality, extended-self, hedonism, accessibility, tradition). In addition, the findings regarding the role of attitudes toward luxury indicated that there are at least two types of consumer groups within luxury market who view luxury brands differently. The impact of the marketing mix elements on perceived luxuriousness of a prestige brand was different for these two groups. The elitists seem to consider high price as a very important attribute of a prestige brand thus they are highly influenced by price when evaluating the luxuriousness of a prestige brand in contrast to the democratic luxury consumer. This result is consistent with researchers (Dubois et al., 2005) who demonstrated there were two different attitudes toward luxury. Dubois and his colleagues (2005) showed that the elitists agreed with the idea that luxury is inevitable expensive while the democratics did not agree. However, frequent offers of price promotions eroded the degree of luxuriousness for both the elitists and the democratics. The reason why both groups may have had the same attitude toward price promotionnegative effect on perceived luxuriousness.may be because price promotions suggest unstable quality (Winter, 1991). In addition, both groups revealed a similar impact of distribution intensity on luxuriousness. They both indicated a high degree of the perceived luxuriousness with low levels of distribution intensity. This result may be because prestige brands that are generally regarded as very luxurious have very limited distribution in the real world.

Modulation of Branched-Chain Amino Acid Metabolism by Exercise in Rats

Kim,Hyun Sook(김현숙),Johnson,Wayne A. 韓國營養學會 1994 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.27 No.9

Identifying the major intermediate species by combining time-resolved X-ray solution scattering and X-ray absorption spectroscopy

Kim, Kyung Hwan,Kim, Jeongho,Oang, Key Young,Lee, Jae Hyuk,Grolimund, Daniel,Milne, Christopher J.,Penfold, Thomas J.,Johnson, Steven L.,Galler, Andreas,Kim, Tae Wu,Kim, Jong Goo,Suh, Deokbeom,Moon, J The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.17 No.36

<P>Identifying the intermediate species along a reaction pathway is a first step towards a complete understanding of the reaction mechanism, but often this task is not trivial. There has been a strong on-going debate: which of the three intermediates, the CHI<SUB>2</SUB> radical, the CHI<SUB>2</SUB>–I isomer, and the CHI<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>+</SUP> ion, is the dominant intermediate species formed in the photolysis of iodoform (CHI<SUB>3</SUB>)? Herein, by combining time-resolved X-ray liquidography (TRXL) and time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy (TR-XAS), we present strong evidence that the CHI<SUB>2</SUB> radical is dominantly formed from the photolysis of CHI<SUB>3</SUB> in methanol at 267 nm within the available time resolution of the techniques (∼20 ps for TRXL and ∼100 ps for TR-XAS). The TRXL measurement, conducted using the time-slicing scheme, detected no CHI<SUB>2</SUB>–I isomer within our signal-to-noise ratio, indicating that, if formed, the CHI<SUB>2</SUB>–I isomer must be a minor intermediate. The TR-XAS transient spectra measured at the iodine L<SUB>1</SUB> and L<SUB>3</SUB> edges support the same conclusion. The present work demonstrates that the application of these two complementary time-resolved X-ray methods to the same system can provide a detailed understanding of the reaction mechanism.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>We identify a major transient species formed in the photolysis of CHI<SUB>3</SUB> by combining time-resolved X-ray liquidography (TRXL) and time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy (TR-XAS). <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c5cp03686k'> </P>

INSIGHTS INTO RETAIL THERAPY SHOPPERS: EXPERIENCES SOUGHT, BEHAVIORAL SETTING, AND TIES TO SHOPPING ADDICTION

Jennifer Yurchisin,Kim K. P. Johnson,Haesung Whang,Kittichai Watchravesringkan 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2016 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2016 No.7

Retail therapy occurs when consumers shop to improve negative feelings rather than merely acquire a needed product (Kang & Johnson, 2011). Retailers in all channels enable consumers to have positive emotional responses by providing them with positive experiences. Pine and Gilmore (1999) identified four types of experiences sought by consumers: entertainment, education, escapism, and esthetics (i.e., 4Es). It is not known which, if any, of the 4Es motivate offline and online retail therapy shopping trips. Retail therapy shoppers may seek different benefits in open, online stores (where they have a great deal of freedom) versus closed, brick-and-mortar stores (where they are limited by time and space) (Bhate & Hannam, 2014). When retail therapy shoppers have experiences they desire, they should experience positive emotional reactions (i.e., pleasure, arousal) (Donovan & Rossiter, 1982). Furthermore, consumers who experience positive emotional reactions tend to display impulse buying behavior (Chang, Eckman, & Yan, 2011). Engaging in impulse buying while retail therapy shopping may encourage compulsive buying behavior (Kang & Johnson, 2011), the most severe form of which is shopping addiction (Edwards, 1993). Based on this collection of previous research, the following hypotheses were developed: H1: Among retail therapy shoppers, the amount of a) entertainment b) education, c) escapism, and d) esthetics sought will be significantly different between 1) offline stores and 2) online stores. H2: Retail therapy behavior will be positively related to level of a) pleasure and b) arousal experienced while shopping. H3a: Level of pleasure experienced while shopping will be positively related to impulse buying behavior. H3b. Level of arousal experienced while shopping will be positively related to impulse buying behavior. H4: Among retail therapy shoppers, impulse buying behavior will be positively related to shopping addiction behavior.Method Using Amazon’s MTurk, 409 consumers (62.6% female; 72.0% Caucasian; 36.5% 30-39 years old) were recruited for an online survey. Participants were first asked to indicate if they had experience shopping for clothing to improve their mood. Clothing was selected as the focus of the study because it is a gender-neutral product frequently purchased during retail therapy (Atalay & Meloy, 2011). Only participants who had engaged in retail therapy behavior were asked to complete the rest of the questionnaire. The next five sections of the questionnaire contained multi-item, 7-point, Likert-type scales previously used to assess the variables in the study. Demographic information was also collected. Results To test H1, a series of t-tests was conducted to compare the benefits sought by retail therapy shoppers in open and closed settings. The means for each of the 4 Es were significantly greater for the closed setting of the store than the open setting of the website. Therefore, H1 was supported. Two regression models were created to test H2a and b. The coefficients for retail therapy were positively and significantly related to pleasure (β = .87; t = 35.70; p < 0.000) and arousal (β = .85; t = 32.52; p < 0.00). Thus, H2a and b were both supported. To examine H3a and b, another regression model was created. The coefficients for pleasure (β = .25; t = 4.51; p < 0.00) and arousal (β = .64; t = 11.69; p < 0.00) were positive and significant. Thus, H3a and H3b were both supported. Lastly, to test H4, a final regression model was created. The coefficient for impulse buying behavior (β = .93; t = 51.49; p < 0.00) was positive and significant, supporting H4. Discussion The results of the present study shed light on retail therapy shopping behavior. Consumers do seek the 4Es when therapeutically shopping for clothing, and they seek the 4Es to a greater degree in closed, offline environments. Perhaps the need to delay gratification in offline stores raises expectations of experiences that can be received immediately in online stores. Participants experienced pleasure and arousal when engaging in retail therapy behavior, thereby supporting researchers (Kang & Johnson, 2011) who conceptualized retail therapy behavior as mood-alleviative consumption behavior. The positive emotions experienced while clothing shopping were related to retail therapy shoppers’ impulse buying behavior, which was positively related to shopping addiction. The success experienced by individuals who engage in shopping behavior to improve their mood seems to encourage future shopping trips to enhance positive emotions. Thus, a troubling pattern of overconsumption may develop if retail therapy shoppers do not find additional methods for mood-alleviation.

Life-Sustaining Procedures, Palliative Care, and Cost Trends in Dying COPD Patients in U.S. Hospitals: 2005~2014

Kim, Sun Jung,Shen, Jay,Ko, Eunjeong,Kim, Pearl,Lee, Yong-Jae,Lee, Jae Hoon,Liu, Xibei,Ukken, Johnson,Kioka, Mutsumi,Yoo, Ji Won Korean Society for Hospice and Palliative Care 2018 한국호스피스.완화의료학회지 Vol.21 No.1

목적: 미국 병원에서 만성폐색성폐질환으로 사망하는 환자의 연명치료 및 완화의료에 대한 연구는 부족한 현실이다. 이 연구에서는 병원의 의료비 추세 및 완화의료 이용 및 연명치료 이용과의 관련성을 파악하고자 하였다. 방법: 이 연구는 2005~2014년 미국 입원환자 샘플(National Inpatient Sample, NIS)을 후향적 코호트 디자인으로 전환하였으며, ICD-9-CM (International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision) 코드를 활용하여 완화의료 및 집중치료(전신지지치료, 호흡기치료, 호흡기 수술)를 받은 환자를 구분하였다. 결과: 연평균성장률(Compound Annual Growth Rates, CAGR)을 활용하여 병원 의료비의 시계열변화를 확인하였으며, 다수준 다변량 회귀분석을 통해 병원의 의료비에 영향을 미치는 요소를 파악하였다. 전체 77,394,755 입원 건 중 79,314명의 환자가 최종 분석에 사용되었다. 병원 의료비는 연평균성장률이 5.83% (P<0.001)였으며, 전신지지치료와 완화의료의 연평균성장률은 각각 5.98%와 19.89% 였다(모두, P<0.001). 전신지지치료, 호흡기 치료, 호흡기 수술은 각각 59.04%, 72.00%, 55.26%의 병원 의료비 상승에 영향을(모두, P<0.001) 주었던 반면 완화의료는 28.71%의 병원 의료비 감소에 영향을 주었다(P<0.001). 결론: 미국에서 만성폐색성폐질환으로 사망하는 환자 중 전신지지 치료는 병원 의료비 상승의 주된 원인인 반면 완화의료 이용은 비용절감에 영향이 있는 것으로 파악되었다. Purpose: Little is known regarding the extent to which dying patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) receive life-sustaining procedures and palliative care in U.S. hospitals. We examine hospital cost trends and the impact of palliative care utilization on the use of life-sustaining procedures in this population. Methods: Retrospective nationwide cohort analysis was performed using National Inpatient Sample (NIS) data from 2005 and 2014. We examined the receipt of both palliative care and intensive medical procedures, defined as systemic procedures, pulmonary procedures, or surgeries using the International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision (ICD-9-CM). Results: We used compound annual growth rates (CAGR) to determine temporal trends and multilevel multivariate regressions to identify factors associated with hospital cost. Among 77,394,755 hospitalizations, 79,314 patients were examined. The CAGR of hospital cost was 5.83% (P<0.001). The CAGRs of systemic procedures and palliative care were 5.98% and 19.89% respectively (each P<0.001). Systemic procedures, pulmonary procedures, and surgeries were associated with increased hospital cost by 59.04%, 72.00%, 55.26%, respectively (each P<0.001). Palliative care was associated with decreased hospital cost by 28.71% (P<0.001). Conclusion: The volume of systemic procedures is the biggest driver of cost increase although there is a cost-saving effect from greater palliative care utilization.

Dual Stimuli-Responsive Poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide)-<i>b</i>-poly(<small>l</small>-histidine) Chimeric Materials for the Controlled Delivery of Doxorubicin into Liver Carcinoma

Johnson, Renjith P.,Jeong, Young−,Il,John, Johnson V.,Chung, Chung-Wook,Kang, Dae Hwan,Selvaraj, Manickam,Suh, Hongsuk,Kim, Il American Chemical Society 2013 Biomacromolecules Vol.14 No.5

<P>A series of dual stimuli responsive synthetic polymer bioconjugate chimeric materials, poly(<I>N</I>-isopropylacrylamide)<SUB>55</SUB>-<I>block</I>-poly(<SMALL>l</SMALL>-histidine)<SUB><I>n</I></SUB> [p(NIPAM)<SUB>55</SUB>-<I>b</I>-p(His)<SUB><I>n</I></SUB>] (<I>n</I> = 50, 75, 100, 125), have been synthesized by employing reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization of NIPAM, followed by ring–opening polymerization of α-amino acid <I>N</I>-carboxyanhydrides. The dual stimuli responsive properties of the resulting biocompatiable and membrenolytic p(NIPAM)<SUB>55</SUB>-<I>b</I>-p(His)<SUB><I>n</I></SUB> polymers are investigated for their use as a stimuli responsive drug carrier for tumor targeting. Highly uniform self-assembled micelles (∼55 nm) fabricated by p(NIPAM)<SUB>55</SUB>-<I>b</I>-p(His)<SUB><I>n</I></SUB> polymers display sharp thermal and pH responses in aqueous media. An anticancer drug, doxorubicin (Dox), is effectively encapsulated in the micelles and the controlled Dox release is investigated in different temperature and pH conditions. Antitumor effect of the released Dox is also assessed using the HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Dox molecules released from the [p(NIPAM)<SUB>55</SUB>-<I>b</I>-p(His)<SUB><I>n</I></SUB>] micelles remain biologically active and have stimuli responsive capability to kill cancer cells. The self-assembling ability of these hybrid materials into uniform micelles and their efficiency to encapsulate Dox makes them a promising drug carrier to cancer cells. The new chimeric materials thus display tunable properties that can make them useful for a molecular switching device and controlled drug delivery applications needing responses to temperature and pH for the improvement of cancer chemotherapy.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/bomaf6/2013/bomaf6.2013.14.issue-5/bm400089m/production/images/medium/bm-2013-00089m_0008.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/bm400089m'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Clothing Consumption and Teen Identity

Johnson Kim K. P. The Korean Society of Costume 2004 International journal of costume and fashion Vol.4 No.2

This study aims to take s look at the role of brands in the life of consumers and particularly, in the life of adolescent consumers. What I have to command is representative of events in the lives of teenagers in the U.S. but it has application for college-aged individuals as well as young adults. I am particularly interested in understanding relationships between the concept of brand and the development and maintenance of self.

Factors underlying frequently cited journal articles: A retrospective commentary

Kim K. P. Johnson 한국마케팅과학회 2019 Journal of Global Fashion Marketing Vol.10 No.2

Citation counts can be used as an indicator of research quality. The question addressed herein was can we identify any variables that are associated with or could even be used to foretell whether a manuscript will become well cited or be a high impact journal article? To answer this question, a review was conducted of papers that cited a published article that, according to Google Scholar, had been cited 23 times. Ten of these articles, written in English, were located using available library resources (e.g. library subscriptions, interlibrary loan). Upon reviewing these articles and noting how the targeted article had been used within each, three categories emerged that likely exerted some influence on whether the paper was cited. These categories were labeled paper attributes, journal attributes, and author attributes. These attributes are discussed and suggestions are provided for increasing citation counts.

Spatiotemporal Evolution of the Primary Glioblastoma Genome

Kim, J.,Lee, I.H.,Cho, H.,Park, C.K.,Jung, Y.S.,Kim, Y.,Nam, S.,Kim, B.,Johnson, Mark D.,Kong, D.S.,Seol, H.,Lee, J.I.,Joo, K.,Yoon, Y.,Park, W.Y.,Lee, J.,Park, Peter J.,Nam, D.H. Cell Press 2015 CANCER CELL Vol. No.

Tumor recurrence following treatment is the major cause of mortality for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients. Thus, insights on the evolutionary process at recurrence are critical for improved patient care. Here, we describe our genomic analyses of the initial and recurrent tumor specimens from each of 38 GBM patients. A substantial divergence in the landscape of driver alterations was associated with distant appearance of a recurrent tumor from the initial tumor, suggesting that the genomic profile of the initial tumor can mislead targeted therapies for the distally recurred tumor. In addition, in contrast to IDH1-mutated gliomas, IDH1-wild-type primary GBMs rarely developed hypermutation following temozolomide (TMZ) treatment, indicating low risk for TMZ-induced hypermutation for these tumors under the standard regimen.

Koje Island Illness and Health Care Patterns

Johnson, Kit G.,Sibley, John R.,Kim, Chang-Nam,Kim, Il-Soon Yonsei University, College of Medicine 1970 Yonsei medical journal Vol.11 No.2