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한국교회의 공공성 회복을 위한 역사적, 신학적, 문화적 고찰
최형근(Choi, Hyung- keun) 한국선교신학회 2009 선교신학 Vol.21 No.-
Historical, Theological, and Cultural Reflections for the Restoration of Publicity of the Korean Church Choi, Hyung- keun Seoul Theological Seminary The purpose of this article is to reflect and examine status quo of the Korean church becoming a private religion, not enabling to reveal the kingdom values, and losing social credibility to the Korean society and the public characteristics of the gospel. We need to examine how the church has maintained its identity as God’s pilgrim people and the body of Christ throughout the history. First, the early church experienced God’s sovereignty and rule through worship, realized the meaning of the body of Christ through koinonia, and became witnesses to the world on these inner unities. The early church was not a sub-culture belonged to the dominate culture, but formed an alternative culture in Greco-Roman cultural circumstance. Not only was it spiritual renewal, but also social revolution. Second, Christianity became the official or state religion of the Reman empire by the recognition of the Roman emperor Constantine. Thus the church was compromised with the state, meaning that the church gave up to be involved in public affairs and reduced the gospel and salvation to private experience of heaven which is very much dualistic approach to the gospel, mission and salvation. Third, though the Reformation succeeded with the emphases on the importance of faith under the slogan of three sola, sola Scriptura, sola Fide, sola Gratia, it had doubted the authority and authenticity of the Christian tradition. So we cannot deny that it had accelerated the secularization process of the Enlightenment modernism. Forth, the Enlightenment modernism does not provide the way of which the gospel is recognized as “public truth.” In modernism there is no room for religious truth as public truth or fact that must be proven by scientific researches. Against the modernistic worldview which is rational, optimistic, mechanistic and cause/effect-oriented, postmodernism tries to focus its tendency on pluralistic spiritualities that have no claim any absolute truth claimed by religions or fact proven by science. Rather it regards individual self as the most important value. In postmodern paradigm religion is regarded as a private option to choose, not the objective truth. To people living in a postmodern world, it is important whether it can function for satisfying their desire or not. The more the private sphere becomes religious, the more the public sphere becomes secular. And in private spheres religions may be comfortable and free from any secular influences, but it makes religions disengage with public spheres, “real world” such as socio-cultural, political, and economic areas. This phenomenon has been happened in the Korean church that has deeply influenced from American culture and Christianity. What the Korean church is facing is lack of boldness of proclaiming the gospel in public sphere. Our boldness and the church’s real identity must be related to the life of the church being with the poor and the marginalized from the society. From a theological perspective the Korean church today tends to be the one who loses theological relevance and the biblical truth. When the church and theology only function outside of social, economic, and political sphere, it would be defeated by the dominant culture. The authentic task of theology is to be the public confession in uncovering oppression and proclaiming the good news of the gospel. Today what we must point out is that the church recovers the holistic dimension of the gospel in order to restore the God’s world of creation with the integration of tradition, reason and experience on the basis of the Bible. We need to be aware of the fact that the plausibility of our society and culture imbedded in individualism and secular belief systems prevent from realizing the task of the church to reform and transform the culture and society.
돼지 신장세포(PK15)의 이종이식 거부반응에 대한 재조합 IL-18의 영향
최연실,김은미,김영관,박상연,심정현,윤도영,강형식,명평근 충남대학교 형질전환복제돼지연구센터 2004 논문집 Vol. No.8
Various cytokines including IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12p40, IFN-r, and TNF-α have been recently reported to play important roles in both host and donor cell activations during xenotransplantation. Interleukin (IL)-18, a proinflammatory cytokine, can induce IL-4 and IL-13 production in T cells, NK cells, B cells, mast cells, and basophils. IL-18 has the capacity to stimulate innate immunity and both Th1-and Th2- mediated responses, but little is known to involve in the xenograft rejection. In order to investigate the role of IL-18 in xenograft rejection, we transplanted the pig kidney (PK15) cells to C57BL/6 mouse with or without intraperitoneal injection of mouse recombinatant IL-18, It was analyzed the population of T cell, B cell and NK cell in the mice transplanted with PK 15 cells and recombinant IL-18 by flow cytometry. We found that splenic CD3+ T cells were increased in mice injected PKl5 cells with recombinant IL-18. These results suggest that recombinant IL-18 is critical in the xenograft rejection by increasing T cell population of the recipients.
연세대학교 치과병원에 내원한 어린이에서의 영구치 맹출 시기 및 순서
강태성,최병재,권호근,손홍규,최형준 大韓小兒齒科學會 2005 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.32 No.4
치아의 정확한 맹출 시기와 그 순서는 어린이의 발육 성숙도의 지표로서 소아치과 임상 및 예방 교정치료에 있어서 매우 중요하다. 이에 2001~2003년에 연세대학교 치과대학병원 소아치과에 내원한 어린이중 만 5세부터 만 14세까지의 남자 654명, 여자 542명, 총 1,196명의 자료를 수집하여 영구치의 맹출 시기 및 순서에 대한 연구 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 상악 영구치의 맹출 시기는 중절치 남 만6.81세, 여 만6.78세, 측절치 남 만8.30세, 여 만7.98세, 견치 남 만10.28세, 여 만10.04세, 제1소구치 남 만9.74세, 여 만9.90세, 제2소구치 남 만10.87세, 여 만10.41세, 제1대구치 남 만6.25세, 여 만6.54세, 제2대구치 남 만12.21세, 여 만12.03세, 여 만12.03세였다. 2. 하악 영구치의 맹출 시기는 중절치 남 만6.00세, 여 만6.06세, 측절치 남 만6.99세, 여 만6.74세, 견치 남 만9.83세, 여 만9.17세, 제1소구치 남 만9.92세, 여 만9.75세, 제2소구치 남 만10.66세, 여 만10.39세, 제1대구치 남 만5.99세, 여 만5.75세, 제2대구치 남 만11.92세, 여 만12.17세였다. 3. 영구치의 맹출 순서는 상악에서 제1대구치, 중절치, 측절치, 제1소구치, 견치, 제2소구치, 제2대구치의 순이었고, 하악에서 제1대구치, 중절치, 측절치, 견치, 제1소구치, 제2소구치, 제2대구치의 순이었다. Accurate timing and sequence of eruption of permanent teeth are indicies of growth and essential for pediatric dentistry and pediatric clinical orthodontics. From the children brought to the Yonsei Dental Hospital during 2001 to 2003, 654 boys and 542 girls, ranging in age from five to fourteen years, were selected and analysed. The following was concluded. 1. Eruption time of maxillary teeth is 6.81 years in boys, 6.78 years in girls for central incisor, 8.30 years in boys, 7.98 years in girls for lateral incisor, 10.28 years in boys, 10.04years in girls for canine, 9.74 years in boys, 9.90 years in girls for first premolar, 10.87 years in boys, 10.41 years in girls for second premolar, 6.25 years in boys, 6.54 years in girls for first permanent molar, 12.21 years in boys, 12.03 years in girls for second permanent molar. 2. Eruption time of mandibular teeth is 6.00 years in boys, 6.06 years in girls for central incisor, 6.99 years in boys, 6.74 years in girls for lateral incisor, 9.83 years in boys, 9.17 years in girls for canine, 9.92 years in boys, 9.75 years in girls for first premolar, 10.66 years in boys, 10.39 years in girls for second premolar, 5.99 years in boys, 5.75 years in girls for first permanent molar, 11.92 years in boys, 12.17 years in girls for second permanent molar. 3. The following eruption sequence was observed: the first permanent molar erupted first, followed by the central incisor, the lateral incisor, the first premolar, the canine, the second premolar and the second permanent molar in the maxilla. The first permanent molar erupted first, followed by the central incisor, the lateral incisor, the canine, the first premolar, the second premolar and the second permanent molar in the mandible.
돼지 신장세포(PK15)의 이종이식 거부반응에 대한 재조합 IL-18의 영향
최연실,김은미,김영관,박상연,심정현,윤도영,강형식,명평근 충남대학교 생물공학연구소 2004 생물공학연구지 Vol.10 No.1
Various cytokines including IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12p40, IFN-γ, and TNF-α have been recently reported to play important roles in both host and donor cell activations during xenotransplantation. Interleukin (IL)-18, a proinflammatory cytokine, can induce IL-4 and IL-13 production in T cells, NK cells, B cells, mast cells, and basophils. IL-18 has the capacity to stimulate innate immunity and both Th1-and Th2- mediated responses, but little is known to involve in the xenograft rejection. In order to investigate the role of IL-18 in xenograft rejection, we transplanted the pig kidney (PK15) cells to C57BL/6 mouse with or without intraperitoneal injection of mouse recombinatant IL-18. It was analyzed the population of T cell, B cell and NK cell in the mice transplanted with PK 15 cells and recombinant IL-18 by flow cytometry. We found that splenic CD3+ T cells were increased in mice injected PK15 cells with recombinant IL-18. These results suggest that recombinant IL-18 is critical in the xenograft rejection by increasing T cell population of the recipients.
사람태아골모세포에 대한 GBM의 골형성 유도에 관한 효과
최호철,최희인,유형근 원광대학교 치의학연구소 2003 圓光齒醫學 Vol.12 No.2
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of GBM on the activity, differentiation and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) synthesis of hFOB1s. To examine the cellular activity, hFOB1s were cultured with DMEM/F-12 1:1 Mixture and 100 ㎍, 2 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg of GBM for 2 days and 4 days. To compare the ALP synthesis, hFOB1s were cultured with DMEM/F-12 1:1 Mixture and 100 ㎍, 2 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg of GBM for 3days. The cellular activity of hFOB1s treated with 100 ㎍ of GBM was increased at 2 and 4-day(p>0.05) to control. The activity of ALP in hFOB1s treated with 100 ㎍ GBM was significantly increased at 3 day(p<0.05). This study indicated that 100 ㎍ of GBM has an inductive effect on bone formation in vitro increasing with cell proliferation, ALP activity.
김인형,최동일,남희은,이근모,김찬룡 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 1998 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.14 No.-
This study was mainly focused on the relationship between sports industry and international games. According to the category of both sports information ·service industry and sports technology industry. The way of activating sports industry by international games is proposed as follows; 1. Sports information · service industry 1) Sports Event (1) Expending the inducement of sports event sponsored by domestic international enterprises. (2) Improving image of enterprise by activating character industry. (3) Elevating the mood of international games by pre-event and post-event. (4) Attracting tourist during games session by opening various cultural and artistic events. 2. Media (1) Establishment of Media facilities such as international broadcasting center or media center. (2) Providing best media services by digitalizing every kind of broadcasts. (3) Using aggressive internet advertisement of game's information, cultural events, tourism, and etc. 3. Sports Event Tourism (1) Providing sports event package tourism. (2) Rehabilitating accomodation and convenience facility at the level of advanced country. (3) Building sports theme complex well international sports heros are taken as theme. (4) Building sports mall well every sports-related businesses can be a solved as one-stop service. 2. Sports technology industry 1) Sports Facility (1) Founding the organization of which mission is to induce long-term fund for building and repairing sports facilities. (2) Acquiring economic benefit by selling the right to call sports facilities after company names. (3) Building all weather and multi-purpose sports facilities and practically using after games. 2) Sports Goods (1) Following consumers' demand for design and colors of goods. (2) Developing marketing strategy by opening sports goods expo. (3) Reinforcing the information network among company groups. (4) Acquiring government support for developing sports goods marketers. (5) Developing new kind of leisure goods.
이형근,최원길,박영성 大田大學校 環境問題硏究所 1997 환경문제연구소 논문집 Vol.2 No.-
Recently the more stringent emission standards of government promulgate the incentive for developing the technology capable of simultaneous removal of SO₂ and NOx from flue gas. This study was to develope an enhanced absorbent in reactivity and adsorption ability for removing SO₂and NOx from flue gas. The characteristics of spray drying absorption(SDA) process and status of SDA process were studied, as well as analysis of properties of absorbent and its manufacturing method. CaO, MgO, and NaHCO₃were selected as a alkali reagent, and they were mixed with fly ash(FA) or activated carbon powder(AC) and their the reactivity and adsorption ability toward SO₂and NOx were greatly enhanced through got water curing process. Among the highest. The surface area of MgO mixed with FA(30%) was greater than NaHCO₃, but the SO₂and NOx removal performance of MgO mixed with FA(30%) was much lower than that of NaHCO₃. The removal quantity of SO₂and NOx per mole of NaHCO₃mixed with FA(30%) was 2.7 mole, this meant that the effect of physical adsorption was greater than chemical reaction between absorbent and acid gases.
In Vitro 고삼투압이 정자 원형질막의 Protein Tyrosine Phosphorylation에 미치는 영향
오영근,장재호,최인호,정노팔,신형철,곽병주 대한의생명과학회 2000 Journal of biomedical laboratory sciences Vol.6 No.4
정자의 원형질막은 삼투압에 의해서 영향을 받는다고 보고되고 있다. 이중 세포막내 분자구조의 변화 특히 막지질 구조의 변화와 동반되는 이온채널의 변화 그리고 Ca2+과 HCO-3의 유동성과도 밀접한 관련이 있는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 지금까지의 연구보고에 의하면, 정자의 첨체반응 (acrosome reaction)이 일어날 경우 protein tyrosine phosphorylation이 증가되는데 이것은 cAMP, protein kinase A 등을 통하여 작용되는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 막의 지질변화를 유도하는 물질로 일종의 sterol acceptor인 BSA가 알려져 있는 바, 실제로 BSA가 막지질 성분에 미치는 영향을 관찰한 결과 cholesterol이 유출되고 이온 등의 유동성 변화가 일어나, 이 유동성 변화가 정자의 adenylyl cyclase를 활성화시켜 cAMP를 증가시키고, PKA가 활성화되어 결과적으로 Protein tyosine phosphorycation이 유도된다고 보는 것이다. 침체반응과 protein tyrosine phosphorylation과는 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 사료되고 있다. 본 연구는 정자 원형질막에서 cholesterol이 유출되어 protein tyrosine phosphorylation이 유도될 때, BSA와 같은 sterol acceptor가 작용할 것이라는 전제하에, 고삼투압 하에서 탈수로 인해 원형질막이 위축되더라도 sterol acceptor가 존재한다면 막지질 성분의 구조적 변화가 억제 될 수 있을 것이라는 가설을 설정하였다. 실험결과, 저온 및 고삼투압 하에서 정자운동은 감소되지만 원형질막의 구조적 변화는 없고, 삼투압에 대한 반응정도는 원형질막을 통한 수분이동과 세포용적 변화에 따라 비례적으로 일어난다고 하는 사실을 발견하였다. 이 결과는 정자보존에 있어서 저온변화에 영향을 미치는 여러 인자들 특히 protein fgrosine phosphorylation의 증가와 밀접한 관계가 있음을 시시해 준다. 또한 sterol acceptor로 알려진 BSA는 삼투압이 변화되더라도 역시 중요한 인자로 작용할 수 있음을 알 수 있었으며, 특히 고삼투압으로의 변화는 cAMP와 protein kiname A를 거치는 신호전달과정에 있어서 중요한 요인이라는 사실을 확인할 수 있었다. It has been reported that plasma membrane activity of the spermatozoa may be susceptible to be influenced by extracellular osmolality and such membranous changes involve intracellular molecular changes, special regard to the structure of membranous lipids, and the accompanying ion-channel of which are closely related with their fluidity of Ca2+ and HCO-3. It is of common recognition that a certain kind of sterol acceptor player an important to induce lipid fluctuation of the sperm plasma membrane which have been influenced by BSA administration and came in effect to outflow of cholesterol from the spermatozoa and resulted in changes of ionic fluidity to facilitate adenylyl cyclase, and to induce protein tyrosine phosphorylation by increase of cAMP and activation of PKA. Thus it seems likely that an augmentation of the acrosomal reaction is closely related with protein tyrosine phosphorylation. The following experimental results were obtained in the present study; Under the high osmolality conditions, the spermatozoa motility declined significantly and the structural change of the plasma membrane diminished to confirm that the response degrees to the osmolality depended upon the water transfer volume through the plasma membrane and the changes of cellular volume. Those experimental results suggest that a physiological parameter such as low temperature condition played an important role for presentation of spermatozoa and that inducement of spermatozoa activation for reinforcement of protein tyrosine phosphorylation. On the other hand, it seemed likely that the BSA administration as one of sterol acceptors might represent a key role also under the high osmolality condition and their result also suggests that osmolality change, special regard to high osmolality condition may play an important role also in the processes of signal transmission
탈희동결건조골과 이종골이 사람태아 골모세포의 골형성에 관한 효과
윤호상,최희인,유형근 원광대학교 치의학연구소 2003 圓光齒醫學 Vol.12 No.1
The ultimate goal of periodontal disease therapy is to promote the regeneration of lost periodontal tissue, there have been many attempts to develop a method to achieve this goal. The purpose of this study was to evaluation the effects of BBP, DLB on bone formation in human fetal osteoblasts. We examined the effect of BBP, DLB on collagen synthesis of human fetal osteoblasts. Collagen synthesis level of 5mg of BBP(5.80±0.18㎍/mg/ml), DLB(5.51±0.57㎍/mg/ml) showed significant difference compare with control group(3.58±0.35㎍/mg/ml). We also examined expression of BMP-2 by Western blot analysis. BMP-2 was expressed in both of BBP and DLB. These results suggest that BBP, DLB have an inductive effect on bone formation in vitro increasing with collagen synthesis and expression of BMP-2.