예비수학교사의 신념에 따른 교수학적 내용지식(PCK)과의 관련성에 관한 연구

고상숙,김은호,문정윤,배지은,정대진 이화여자대학교 교과교육연구소 2011 교과교육학연구 Vol.15 No.4

This study investigated the relationship between PCK (Pedagogical Content Knowledge) and pre-service mathematics teachers' mathematical beliefs, and the effects of PCK on their teaching. The data were collected through pre & post interviews, a questionnaire, and classroom observations of six pre-service mathematics teachers who were taking their field practica in their senior year. The results indicate that the pre-service mathematics teachers' differing beliefs about the nature of mathematics affected their PCK. This study showed the relationship between their beliefs about teaching and the learning of mathematics and PCK. It is recommended that more opportunities for PCK development, as well as for modifications in of their beliefs have to be offered in education programs for pre-service mathematics teachers. 본 연구의 목적은 예비수학교사들의 수학적 신념과 수업에서 발현된 교수학적 내용지식(PCK)의 특징을 알아보고, 이를 통해 수학적 신념에 따른 PCK의 관련성에 대해 분석하는 것이다. 이 연구는 교육실습 중인 예비수학교사 6명을 대상으로 실시한 PCK 설문지, 인터뷰 자료, 수업관찰 자료를 분석하는 질적 연구 방법을 토대로 하였다. 연구결과, 예비수학교사들의 다양한 수학 본질에 대한 신념은 PCK에 서로 다른 영향을 주었으며, 수학 교수-학습에 대한 신념과 PCK사이에는 밀접한 관련성이 있음을 볼 수 있었다. 따라서 신념과 교수학적 내용지식(PCK)을 함께 발달시킬 수 있는 예비교사 연수 및 지원 프로그램의 확충이 필요하다.

정밀부품 및 기기에 대한 환경시험기술

최만용,박정학,윤규택 한국비파괴검사학회 2001 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.21 No.6

정밀부품이나 기기는 개발과정이나 완료단계에서 부적절한 설계에 의하여 발생할지도 모르는 잠재적인 결함을 방지하기 위하여 시험평가를 실시하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 신뢰성 기술 분야의 기초가 되는 환경시험기술을 소개 하였으며 엔코더, 교통신호제어기, 계측기기 및 위성항법 수신기 등 제품단위의 대상품에 대한 시험조건 및 방법 등을 기술하고 시험사례를 보고하였다. 이러한 사례를 통하여 제품의 신뢰성 향상을 위한 복합환경시험의 중요성을 강조하였고 최근 환경시험기술에 대한 인식이 날로 증대되면서 시험기술자 양성, 지그설계기술 그리고 고장해석 및 대책기술의 확보가 매우 필요함을 제안하였다. Precision parts and instruments are tested to evaluate performance in development-process and product-step to prement a potential defect due to a failure design. In this paper, Environmental test technology, which is the basis of reliability analysis, is introduced with examples of test criterion, test method for products, encoder and traffic signal controller, and measuring instruments. Recently, as the importance of the environmental test technology is recognized, It is proposed that tranining of test technician and technology of jig design and failure analysis are very essential.

적외선열화상장치를 이용한 Buchanan plugger 표면의 온도상승 분석

최성아,김선호,황윤찬,윤창,오병주,최보영,정우남,정선와,황인남,오원만 大韓齒科保存學會 2002 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.27 No.4

This study was performed to evaluate the temperature rise on various position of the Buchanan plugger, the peak temperature of plugger's type and the temperature change by its touching time of heat control spring. The heat carrier system 'System B' (Model 1005. Analytic Technologies, USA) and the Buchanan's pluggers of F, FM, M and ML sizes are used for this study. The temperature was set to 200℃ which Dr. Buchanan's "continuous wave of condensation" technique recommended on digital display and the power level on it was set to 10. In order to apply heat on the Buchanan's pluggers, the heat control spring was touched for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 seconds respectively. The temperature rise on the surface of the pluggers were measured at 0.5 mm intervals from tip to 20 mm length of shank using the infraed thermography (Radiation Thermometer-IR temper, NEC San-ei Instruments, Ltd, Japan) and TH31-702 Data capture software program (NEC San-ei Instruments, Ltd, Japan). Data were analyzed using a one way ANOVA followed by Duncan's multiple range test and linear regression test. The results as follows. 1. The position at which temperature peaked was approximately at 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm far from the tip of Buchanan's pluggers (p<0.001). The temperature was constantly decreased toward the shank from the tip of it(p<0.001). 2. When the pluggers were heated over 5 seconds, the peak temperature by time of measurement revealed from 253.3±10.5℃ to 192.1±3.3℃ in a touch for 1 sec, from 218.6±5.0℃ to 179.5±4.2℃ in a touch for 2 sec, from 197.5±3.0℃ to 167.6±3.7℃ in a touch for 3 sec, from 183.7±2.5℃ to 159.8±3.6℃ in a touch for 4 sec and from 164.9±2.0℃ to 158.4±1.8℃ in a touch for 5 sec. A touch for 1 sec showed the highest peak temperature, followed by, in descending order, 2 sec, 3 sec, 4 sec. A touch for 5 sec showed the lowest peak temperature (p<0.001). 3. A each type of pluggers showed different peak temperatures. The peak temperature was the highest in F type and followed by, in descending order, M type, ML type. FM type revealed the lowest peak temerature (p<0.001). The results of this study indicated that pluggers are designed to concentrate heat at around its tip, its actual temperature dose not correlate well with the temperature which Buchanan's "continuous wave of condensation" technique recommended, and finally a quick touch of heat control spring for 1 sec reveals the highest temperature rise.

수리된 복합레진 수복물의 전달결합강도 연구

최수영,정선와,황윤찬,김선호,윤창,오원만,황인남 大韓齒科保存學會 2002 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.27 No.6

This study was performed to evaluate the interfacial shear bond strength of base (direct and indirect) and repair composites with aging and surface treatment methods. Direct composites resin specimens (Charisma®, Heraeus Kulzer, Germany) were aged for 5 min, 1 hour, 24 hours, and 1 week in 37℃ distilled water before surface treatment, and then divided into five groups: Group 1, grinding; Group 2, grinding and application of bonding agent; Group 3, grinding, etching with 37% phosphoric acid for 30sec, and application of bonding agent; Group 4, grinding, etching with 37% phosphoric acid for 30sec, silane treatment, and application of bonding agent; Group 5, grinding, etching with 4% hydrofluoric acid for 30sec, silane treatment, and application of bonding agent. Indirect composite resin specimens (Artglass®, Heraeus Kulzer, Germany) were aged for 1 week in 37℃ distilled water and divided into seven groups: Group 1 - Group 5, equal to Charisma specimens; Group 6, grinding, etching 37% phosphoric acid for 60sec, silane treatment, and application of bonding agent; Group 7, grinding, etching with 4% hydrofluoric acid for 60 sec, silane treatment, and application of bonding agent. The repair material(Charisma®) was then added on the center of the surface (5mm in diameter, 5mm in height). The shear bond strength was tested and the data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the Student-Newman-Keuls test. The following conclusions were drawn. 1. The shear bond strength of Charisma® specimens aged for 1 hour was significantly higher in Group 2 and Group 5 than in Group 1 (p<0.05), and that of Charisma® specimens aged for 1 week was significantly higher in Group 3 and Group 5 than in Group 1 (p<0.05). No significant difference was found in the bond strength of specimens aged for 5 min and 24 hours. 2. In Group 2 of the Charisma® specimens, there was significant difference between the bond strength of 24 hours and that of 1 week (p<0.05). 3. In Group 4 of the Charisma® specimens, the shear bond strength of specimens aged for 24 hours was significantly higher than the others(p<0.05). 4. There was no significant diiference between the shear bond strength of the Artglass® specimens. 5. Most of the Charisma® specimens showed cohesive fractures. Artglass® specimens that were etched with acid(phosphoric or hydrofluoric) for 30 sec showed more cohesive fractures.

임신 제 일삼분기와 제 이삼분기 초음파의 태아기형 진단의 유용성에 대한 고찰

최승도,최규연,이정재,정성윤,이임순,이권해 순천향의학연구소 2003 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.9 No.2

Objective: Ultrasonographic screening between 9 and 13 weeks for fetal structural abnormalities using transvaginal sonography in unselected population. Visualization of detailed fetal anatomy in the first trimester has improved as a result of technological progress in ultrasound machines and the introduction of transvaginal sonography(TVS). Our study aims to evaluate the accuracy of TVS as a screening tool for detecting fetal malformations in a nonselected population of pregnant women. For this purpose we compared the results obtained by using second trimesster TA scanning with those obtained using TVS at 9-14 weeks' gestation. Methods: From March 2001 to February 2003, 620 unselected consecutive pregnant women were recruited at their initial visit at Soonchunhyang university hospital, department of obstetrics and gynecology and offered a TVS scan at the average gestational age of 9-13 weeks in addition to the TA screening usually performed between 22-26 weeks. To fulfill the technical requirements of a screening test, ultrasonographic examinations were performed by skillful operators with different degrees of experienced using adequate instruments Aloka SSD 5500 (Aloka Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) provided with either a 3.5-5MHz TA probe or a 5-7.5MHZ TV probe) in a fixed scanning time of maximum 30 min, generally considered sufficient for a complete fetal anatomic survey. Results: During the study period we found in our unselected population an overall prevalence of target abnormalities of 2.2%(24 malformed fetuses out of 600 screened). In the fetuses examined by TVS, 16 abnormalities were detected whereas 8 were not; of these, 6 were detected at transabdominal rescreening at 22-26 weeks and the remaining 2 were observed after birth. A nuchal region abnormality was the most frequent type of malformation detected in the early scan, including six cases of nuchal edema, two cases of cystic hygroma associated with hygroma associated with hydrops, three cases of hydronephrosis, one case of fetal neck teratoma, one case of cleft lip. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated the potential of screening a low risk population for fetal abnormalities at 9-13 weeks of gestation using transvaginal sonography and rescreened via transabdominal sonography at 22-26 weeks. Larger studies are required to establish the clinical value of the first trimester scan.

미스트 분무 및 스프링클러 관수가 단동 플라스틱 하우스에 미치는 냉각효과

강정윤,최동호,임홍성,허종철 제주대학교 산업기술연구소 2000 尖端技術硏究所論文集 Vol.11 No.2

As crops recently can be cultivated all the year in greenhouses, we need to improve the environment in which crops are able to grow in the summer. Therefore, in this study, we quantitatively got the cooling effects of 4 single span plastic greenhouses in the following ways : by spraying mist or sprinkler, or by opening the side window. and with those variables, we simultaneously did experiments at 4 greenhouses under equivalent conditions to reduce the temperature of the greenhouses in the summer. The results of the experiments are as following : 1) The temperatures of the greenhouses were effectively reduced by both spraying mist and sprinkler. 2) When the mist is intermittently sprayed. the indoor temperature has decreased by 4 degrees centigrade, meanwhile, in the greenhouse to make experiments using sprinkler, the temperature of that has been reduced by 2 degrees centigrade. Therefore, we can see the cooling effects of smaller mist in size as more effective than those of sprinkler. 3) When the greenhouse is naturally ventilated by opening the side window, we have to apply another cooling system because the indoor temperature is higher than the outdoor one.

PC U형의 단면을 사용한 포스트텐션된 넓은 보-기둥 내부접합부의 비탄성 거동

최윤철,임재형,문정호,이리형,권기혁 대한건축학회 2005 大韓建築學會論文集 : 構造系 Vol.21 No.1

Post-tensioned precast concrete system(PPS) consists of U-shaped precast wide beams and concrete columns. The continuity of beam-column joint is provided with the topping concrete on the PC shell beam and post-tensioning. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the response of PPS interior beam-column joint subjected to cyclic lateral loading. To this end, the experimental investigation was performed with three half-scale specimens of interior connection. The design parameter is the ratio of beam width to column width. Test results showed that cracks were distributed well and plastic hinges spread toward midspan without any significant degradation of strength and ductility. And the specimens sufficiently resisted up to the limiting drift ratio of 0.035 given by ACI of acceptance criteria for concrete special moment frames.

Dopamine Transporter Gene의 다형성과 알코올 의존증의 관련

최윤정,방승규,김정진,도규영,백인호 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.4

연구목적 : 도파민계는 알코올 추구와 같은 알코올 의존증과 관련된 행동에 중요한 역할을 한다. Dopamine transporter(DAT1)는 신경연접부위에서 도파민 재흡수에 관여하여 도파민 활성을 종결시키는 물질로 알려져 있다. 그러므로, DAT1 유전자가 알코올 의존증에 대한 감수성에 영향을 줄 수 있다. DAT1 유전자는 다형성을 보이는 반복된 40개의 염기서열(VNTR)을 갖는다. 본 연구에서는 DAT1 유전자 다형성과 알코올 의존증 및 알코올 의존증의 임상변인과의 관련성에 대하여 알아보았다. 방 법 : 알코올 의존증 환자 94명과 정상대조군 113명을 대상으로 말초혈액을 채취하여 분리된 DNA의 DAT1 유전자를 DNA 중합효소연쇄반응으로 증폭하였다. 증폭된 산물을 15% polyacrylamide gel에서 전기영동하여 나타나는 띠의 크기에 따라 유전자형을 구분하였다. 자료의 통계적 처리는 Fisher's exact test, oneway ANOVA를 사용하였다. 결 과 : 환자군과 정상대조군의 유전자형은 모두 Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium의 예상치와 유의한 차이가 없었다. 대립유전자는 7 repeats, 9 repeats, 10 repeats, 11 repeats의 4가지 종류로 구분되었고, 유전자형은 7/7 repeats, 7/10 repeats, 9/10 repeats, 10/10 repeats, 10/11 repeats의 5가지 형태를 보였다. 환자군과 대조군간에 DAT1 유전자형 및 대립유전자 빈도는 유의한 차이가 없었고, DAT1 유전자형에 따른 음주 시작 연령, 알코올 의존증의 발병 연령 및 잠복기간에서도 차이가 없었다. 알코올 의존증의 가족력이 있는 환자군과 없는 환자군은 DAT1 유전자형의 빈도에서 차이가 있는 경향을 보였고(χ²=6.912, p=0.081), DAT1 대립유전자의 빈도에서도 유의한 차이가 있었으며(χ²=10.193, p=0.008), lambda값은 0.046였다. 결 론 : DAT1 유전자의 다형성이 알코올 의존증의 유전적 소인이 될 가능성은 적은 것으로 보이나, 알코올 의존증의 가족내 유전과는 관련있을 것으로 시사된다. Objectives : Alcoholism is known to be a heritable disease. It has been hypothesized that dopaminergic systems play an important heritable role in human behavor related to alcohol dependence, such as alcohol seeking. Therefore, genes involved in this pathway, including dopamine transporter(DAT1), which is responsible for taking released dopamine back up into presynaptic terminals and terminating dopaminergic activity, are potential candidate that may affect susceptibility to alcoholism. Analysis of a 40-base pair(bp) repeat(VNTR) in the 3' untranslated region of the DAT1 gene revealed variable number of the repeat ranging from 3 to 11 copies. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the association between alcoholism and VNTR polymorphism of DAT1. Methods : Genomic DNA analysis with polymerase chain reaction(PCR) was used to identify the presence of a VNTR polymorphism. It was carried out within a group of 94 alcoholic patients and 113 normal controls. Results : 1) There were no significant differences in allelic or genotype frequencies between the group of alcoholic patients and controls. 2) There were no significant differences in the first drinking age, onset age and latency of alcoholism according to DAT1 genotypes. 3) There was a significant difference in allelic frequencies between alcoholics with family history and those without family history. Conclusions : These results suggested that VNTR polymorphism of DAT1 is unlikely to be a factor in the genetic etiology of alcoholism, but might be related to familial transmission of alcoholism.

초·중·고등학교 학생, 학부모, 일반교사의 보건교육 요구

윤순녕,김영임,최정명,조희순,김영희,박영남,오경순,이분옥,조선녀,조소영,한선희,하영미 韓國學校保健學會 2004 韓國學校保健學會誌 Vol.17 No.2

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to identify needs of health education of the students, parents, general teachers, and health teacher of the elementary, middle, and high schools. Method : 279 schools of elementary, middle, and high school were sampled nonproportionally during the period from June 28 to July 26, 2004 . The data were collected by the questionnaire from 1,888 students, 1,876 parents, 1,695 general teachers, 279 health teachers. A frequency, % and χ2-test were used to analysis by SAS program. Result : 1. It showed that 98.1% of elementary school students, 92.3% of middle school students, 89.6% of high school students answered that they need health education. The most of students, parents, and general teachers had high interests in health education. 2. In the case of students, main causes of needs of health education was 'to prevent diseases or accidents''. But parents answered that it was 'to build up a healthier behavior'. General teachers answered that it was 'more effective systematic and continuous health education'. 3. Over 80% of students, parents, and general teachers about the question of who qualified person is to teach health education as a regular class responded that health teacher is available. Especially 93% of elementary school students answered like that. 4. The most of students, parents, and general teachers answered that health education in the classroom is favorable 1 to 2 hours per week. Conclusion : As results of the study , the majority of students, parents, general teachers agreed needs of health education. Therefore, on the basis of this study, systematic and continuous health education is necessary. Additionally the establishment of independent health subject is required certainly.

부산시 고등학생들의 환경에 대한 인식정도와 영향요인 분석

최인영,윤성효,고정선 부산대학교 사범대학 과학교육연구소 2004 科學敎育硏究報 Vol.31 No.-

The purpose of this study was to identify the degree of recognition of the high school students about environmental and influential factors on it, selecting two regular schools and three vocational schools among the high schools in Busan area, questionnairing one class in the 10th, 11th, 12th grades of each school and analyzing the result. The result of analyzing the degree of knowledge, practice and recognition of seriousness concerning environment according to grade and gender is that the significant difference has been found in the degree of practice. The result of analyzing them according to maternal academic background is that the significant difference has been found in the degree of knowledge and a living standard and the style of housing have no effect on the environmental education, In the survey according to family style, it is shown that the students 'who live with their parents' recognize the seriousness of environment more. In the survey according to the experience of having the subject 'environment' in their school curriculum or not, it is shown that the significant difference has been found in the degree of knowledge. As the source of information on environment, mass media such as TV, magazines and newspapers have a great impact on the students. As the significant difference has been found in the degree of knowledge, practice, the recognition of seriousness from the viewpoint of the analysis on the survey according to the degree of the recognition on the necessity of the environmental preservation, it is shown that the more the students feel the necessity of environmental preservation, the higher the degree of knowledge, practice and recognition of seriousness on environment becomes, In the survey according to the kind of school, the significant difference has been found in the degree of knowledge, In the survey according to the degree of maternal concern on environment it is shown that the more concerns the mothers have, the more the students put what they learn into practice, In the survey according to the kinds of school, the significant difference has been found in the degree of knowledge. As the result of multiple regression analysis is summarized as below. 1. The variables influencing the environmental knowledge are the experience of having the class, 'environment', the recognition of the necessity of the environmental preservation and maternal academic background. 2. The elements influencing the degree of recognition of seriousness about environmental contamination are gender, the experience of having a class, 'environment' or not and the necessity of the environmental education. 3. The elements influencing the degree of practice are grade, information on environment, and maternal concern.