도시공원의 이용후 평가에 기초한 공원의 개발지표 설정 : 부산광역시 암남공원을 사례로 Case Study of Amnam Park in Busan City

박승범,김승환,남정칠,강영조,이기철,김석규 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1999 硏究報告 Vol.22 No.2

The purpose of this study is to investigate the prime factors that affect to user postoccupancy evaluation of activities and facilities in urban parks, to classify those factors, to find out factors about them, and then to suggest important indicators in the urban park planning, design, and development. The survey research was done using the self-administered questionnaire method by 435 peoples in the Busan City who participated in recreational activities in the Amnam Park. The Analysis of the data primarily consists of two phase: The first analysis was dealt an exploratory factor analysis which identified major factors involved in user postoccupancy evaluation with reacreational activities and facilities in Amnam Park by the SPSS(Ver.6.0) program and the second analysis was used to investigate the factors affected to user postoccupancy evaluation in the urban park by the Regression Analysis. According to the factor analysis, user postoccupancy evaluation of facilities in urban parks concerning the 20 variables, 5 prime factors by the staistical values were considered. The factor analysis showed that user postoccupancy evaluation of activities in urban parks concerning the 11 variables, 3 prime factors by the staistical values were analysed. Postoccupancy evaluation in the urban park by the Regression Analysis suggested that the two varlables as 'the directions of park development' and 'companies with the personal specific characteristics' are significant in addition to the some variables presented in user postoccupancy evaluation with reacreational activities and facilities in Amnam Park by the factor analysis. Furthomore the analysis models were identified as having significant effects on the factor and regression analysis. Overall fits of both models were very good. These significant relationships indicate important factors and variables that should be considered in planning, design, and development of the urban parks. Therefore, development direction of the h a m park has to be analyzed as significant factors concerning user postoccupancy evaluation in a systematic way, recognized as important variables for planning process. The urban park has to be fully designed and established in the planning process not by the decision-maker's subjective evaluation but by user postoccupancy evaluation.

의열단원 박재혁(朴載赫)의 생애와 부산경찰서 투탄(投彈)

박철규 ( Park Chul-kyu ) 부산광역시 시사편찬위원회 2019 항도부산 Vol.37 No.-

박재혁(朴載赫)은 1895년 5월 17일 범일동 183번지에서 독자로 태어났다. 15세되던 해에 아버지를 여의고 어머니, 여동생과 생활했다. 1911년 3월 22일 부산진사립육영학교를 졸업하고, 1915년 3월 22일 부산공립상업학교를 제4회로 졸업했다. 박재혁은 부산공립상업학교 재학 중에 최천택, 김병태, 박홍규 등과 함께 『동국역사』를 비밀리에 등사하여 배포했다. 3학년 때에는 최천택, 김병태, 박홍규, 오재영 등과 구세단(救世團)을 결성하고, 민족의식을 고취하는 단보를 발행하여 부산과 경상남도 일대에 배포했다. 박재혁은 1917년 6월 부산을 떠나 3년 이상 상해와 싱가포르 등지를 왕래하면서 인삼 등의 무역업에 종사했다. 동시에 동지들과 교류하면서 독립운동에 기여할 방법을 찾고 있었다. 그러던 중 3.1운동을 계기로 독립운동에 대한 신심을 다져 투신하기로 결심했다. 부산경찰서가 타격대상으로 지목된 것은 당시 의열단이 3.1운동 이후 기존의 독립운동노선에 방향전환을 선언하고 조직됐는데, 제1차 국내기관총공격 계획이 1920년 6월에 발각되어 실패하고 관련자 전원이 체포됐다. 이에 의열단에서는 빠른 시간 내에 성과를 거두어 이를 반전시켜야 할 필요성 요구됐기 때문이다. 또한 부산은 일본에서 조선으로 가는 관문이며 전형적인 식민도시로 개발됐으며, 제2의 오사카로 불렸기 때문에 상징성이 컸다. 거사 준비 과정에서 박재혁은 부산경찰서장 하시모토(橋本秀平)가 고서적을 좋아한다는 정보를 입수하고, 무역업을 하던 경험을 살려 중국 고서 상인으로 위장했다. 1920년 9월 14일 오후 2시 30분 경 부산경찰서에 들어가 공무가 있는 것처럼 가장하고, 하시모토 서장의 오른쪽 가까이 접근하자, 서장이 집무를 멈추고 그쪽으로 몸을 돌리려는 찰나, 자신이 의열단임을 밝히고 투탄했다. 당시 하시모토 서장은 경상을 입었다. 박재혁도 부상을 입어 탈출하지 못하고 현장에서 체포됐다. 박재혁은 부산지법의 1심부터 1921년 3월 31일 진행된 경성고법의 3심까지 일관되게 ‘살인미수죄’가 적용됐다. 박재혁은 부산지방법원에서 무기징역을 선고받았다. 그러나 검사의 공소로 대구복심법원에서 진행된 재판에서는 원심이 파기되고 박재혁은 사형을 선고받았다. 결국 박재혁은 1921년 3월 31일 3심인 경성 고등법원에서 사형이 확정됐다. 박재혁은 체포된 후 고문과 폭탄 투척 당시의 상처로 고통을 겪는 와중에 폐병까지 얻게 되었지만 기개는 꺾이지 않았다. 1921년 5월 11일 오전 11시 20분에 대구 감옥에서 사망했다. Jae-hyuk Park was born as the only son in 183 Beomil-dong on May 17, 1895. At the age of 15, his father passed away and he lived with his mother and sister. On March 22, 1911, he graduated from Busanjin Primary School, and on March 22, 1915, he was the fourth graduate of Busan Public Commercial School. While attending Busan Public Commercial School, Jae-hyuk Park secretly reproduced and distributed 『Dongguk History』 with Cheon-taek Choi, Byeong-tae Kim and Hong-gyu Park. In his third grade, he formed Gusedan(救世團) with Cheon-taek Choi, Byeong-tae Kim, Hong-gyu Park, and Jae-young Oh, and issued a noticed to promote national identity in Busan and the whole region of Gyeongsangnam-do Province. Jae-hyuk Park left Busan in June 1917 to Shanghai and Singapore for more than three years to work in the trade industry. At the same time, he was seeking ways to contribute to the independence movement while interacting with his companions. He then decided to devote himself to the independence movement after the March 1 Independence Movement. Busan Police Station was targeted as the attack after the March 1 Independence Movement when Euiyeoldan had been organized by declaring the change of direction to the existing independence movement, and it was when everyone involved was arrested upon failure of the first national full-scale attack plan in June 1920. As a result, Euiyeoldan needed to achieve results and reverse the situation in a short time. Busan was also a gateway from Japan to Joseon and was developed as the typical colonial city, and had its symbolism as it was called as the second Osaka. In preparation for the rebellion, Jae-hyuk Park obtained information that Hashimoto, the Busan police chief, liked ancient books and disguised himself as the Chinese ancient book dealer by taking advantage of his experience in trade business. At about 2:30p.m. on September 14, 1920, he entered the Busan Police Station pretending to be on duty, approached chief Hashimoto from the right side and threw a bomb after declaring himself as a member of Euiyeoldan when the chief turned his body towards him. At that time, chief Hashimoto was slightly injured. Jae-hyuk Park was arrested at the scene after failing to escape due to his injury. Jae-hyuk Park was consistently charged with 'attempted murder' from the first trial of the Busan District Court to the third trial of the Gyeongseong High Court on March 31, 1921. Jae-hyuk Park was sentenced to life imprisonment at the Busan District Court. However, the appeal by the prosecution annulled the original decision at the trial at the Daegu High Court, and Jae-hyuk Park was sentenced to death. Eventually, Jae-hyuk Park was sentenced to death as his final judgment on March 31, 1921 after the third trial of the Gyeongseong High Court. Jae-hyuk Park suffered from lung diseases due to tortures after arrest and injuries from the bomb, but his spirit was never thwarted. He died in Daegu prison at 11:20a.m. on May 11, 1921 before the execution.

Development of a Mobile Application, "Wild Flowers of Bukhansan National Park (version 1.0)", for Identification of Plants in Bukhansan National Park

Kim, Sang-Tae,Lee, Seung-Yeon,Kim, Seung-Chul,Byun, Hye-Won,Lee, Sang-Tae,Kim, Mu-Yeal,Hong, Seok-Pyo,Chung, Young-Jae,Park, Ki-Ryong,Lee, Chung-Hee,Lee, Joong-Ku,Heo, Kyeong-In,Lee, Ji-Ye,Lee, Eun-Je National Science Museum of Korea 2011 Journal of Korean nature Vol.4 No.3

We developed the educational purpose mobile application, named "Wild Flowers of Bukhansan National Park (version 1.0)", aiming for easy identification of wild flowers for students and visitors in the park. When visitors find a flower or part of plant in the park, visitors can search for its name utilizing the pictures and characters provided in their own smartphone mobile devices or tablet PCs. The application provides pictures of wild flowers in the park and character-based searching system based on 12 diagnostic features (e.g., growth form, leaf arrangement, flower symmetry, petal color, petal number, sepal number, etc). We adopted the complete floristic survey of Chung and Lee (1962) and added species that we confirmed their distribution in the park during the development of this application. In summary, number of vascular plants in this park was estimated to be 428 taxa including 100 families, 280 genera, 327 species, 1 subspecies, 50 varieties, and 5 formas. We provided a total of 588 pictures representing 358 taxa and each taxon includes multiple pictures in many cases. Included identification quizzes can be an efficient educational tool as well as fun activity for students and visitors who are learning plant species in Korea. Our next step will include GPS function in the application for indicating visitor's location and for providing previously reported sites of the species that we interested in the map of the park. The future application which includes GPS function will be a valuable tool for the monitoring of rare plants, plant researches related to the climate changes, etc. We currently provide Korean iPhone version only, and English version and both of android versions will be serviced soon.

국립공원 주요 아고산대 상록침엽수(구상나무, 분비나무) 고사현황 조사 : 설악, 덕유, 지리산국립공원을 대상으로

김진원(Jin-Won Kim),전자영(Ja-Young Jeon),박홍철(Hong-Chul Park) 국립공원연구원 2021 국립공원연구지 Vol.12 No.2

우리나라 구상나무 및 분비나무군락은 한라산을 제외하면 백두대간 마루금을 중심으로 국립공원 고지대에 대부분 분포하고 있으며, 구상나무는 지리산과 덕유산국립공원, 분비나무는 설악산국립공원에 비교적 넓은 면적이 분포한다. 따라서 두 수종에 대한 생육상태를 파악하고 모니터링하는 것은 국립공원 자연자원의 보전 측면에서 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 지리산, 덕유산, 설악산국립공원 내 서식 중인 구상나무와 분비나무군락에 대한 수년간의 고사실태를 파악하고자 하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 국립공원 아고산생태계의 과학적 보전 및 관리를 위한 토대를 마련하고자 하였다. 2009년부터 2020년까지 상록침엽수 고사현황을 조사한 결과, 지리산국립공원과 덕유산국립공원의 구상나무 고사 및 쇠퇴현상은 매년 나타나고 있으며, 2014년과 2015년에 상대적으로 높은 고사율을 나타냈다. 설악산국립공원의 분비나무 역시 편차는 있지만 구상나무와 마찬가지로 고사현상이 확인되고 있으며, 특히 관모능선과 설악폭포 지역의 고사현상이 지속되고 있다. 설악산 또한 2012년와 2014년에 상대적으로 사율이 높게 나타났지만 전반적으로 큰 차이는 없는 것으로 판단된다. 특정 연도에 고사율이 상대적으로 높게 나타난 요인으로는 태풍, 가뭄, 홍수, 강풍 등과 같은 기상이벤트에 의한 영향이 작용한 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 기상이벤트와의 관계성을 파악하는 후속연구가 필요한 것으로 판단되며, 이를 객관적으로 규명하기 위해서는 더욱 장기적인 모니터링 자료가 뒷받침되어야 한다. Excluding Hallasan National Park, Abies koreana and Abies nephrolepis communities are mostly distributed in the high elevation of the National Park on Baekdudaegan mountain. Abies koreana is distributed in Jirisan and Deogyusan National Park, and Abies nephrolepis is distributed in Seoraksan National Park. Therefore, grasping and monitoring the growth status of both species is important in terms of conservation of natural resources in Korea National Parks. In this study, we attempted to find out the mortality of Abies koreana and Abies nephrolepis inhabitant. The mortality and decay of Abies koreana in Jirisan National Park and Deogyusan National Park occur every year, with relatively high mortality rates in 2014 and 2015. Abies nephrolepis in Seoraksan National Park are also different, but the death phenomenon has been confirmed like Abies koreana. In particular, the death phenomena in the Gwanmo Ridge and Seorak Falls continue to occur. In addition, although the mortality rate was relatively high in 2012 and 2014, there is no significant difference overall. As a factor in which the mortality rate was relatively high in a specific year, it is assumed that the influence of meteorological events such as typhoons, droughts, floods, and strong winds. Therefore, based on the results of this study, it is recommended that a follow-up study is needed to grasp the relationship with the meteorological event, and longer-term monitoring data should be supported in order to objectively investigate this assumption.

LNT를 통해 분석한 국립공원 탐방목적과 산행 윤리 의식의 상관성 : 내장산국립공원 백양사지구와 남창지구를 중심으로

최형철(Choi Hyung Chul),박재철(Park Jae Chul),노재현(Roh Jae Hyun),신상섭(Shin Sang Sup),허준(Huh Joon) 한국산림휴양학회 2010 한국산림휴양학회지 Vol.14 No.3

본 연구는 LNT 항목의 분석을 통해서 산행 목적과 산행윤리의식 사이의 차이를 규명하기 위하여 수행되었다. 이를 위해서, 내장산국립공원의 백양사지구와 남창지구를 사례로 연구를 수행하였다. 이를 통해 국립공원 방문목적에 따라서 윤리 의식이 유의한 차이가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 다시 말하면, 산행목적의 탐방객이 행락 목적의 탐방객보다 윤리 의식이 높은 것을 확인할 수 있었다. This study was performed to identify the difference between purpose and ethics consciousness of national park visit through analysis of LNT(Leave No Trace) items. For this, case study was performed in the Baekyangsa and Namchang district in Naejang national park. Study methods were questionnaire and statistic analyses. Through these, the difference of Ethics Consciousness of national park visit according to visit purpose of one was identified. In other words, it was identified that visitors for climbing purpose had higher than those for pleasure-making in Ethics Consciousness of National Park Visit.

한국 국립공원 산림생태계의 수목 탄소저장량 평가

이상진,박홍철,박관수,김현숙,이창민,김진원,심규원,최승운,Lee, Sang-Jin,Park, Hong-Chul,Park, Gwan-Soo,Kim, Hyoun-Sook,Lee, Chang-Min,Kim, Jin-Won,Sim, Gyu-Won,Choi, Seung-Woon 한국환경복원기술학회 2022 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.25 No.3

The purpose of this study is to quantitatively evaluate the amount of carbon storage for trees in forest ecosystem to support the foundation for carbon neutrality implementation in Korea National Park. It targeted 22 national parks designated and managed as national parks in Korea, and conducted research on forest trees in the terrestrial ecosystem among various natural and ecological carbon sink. The survey and analysis method followed the IPCC guidelines and the National Greenhouse Gas Inventory in Korea. The amount of tree carbon storage in the forest ecosystem of Korea National Park was confirmed to be about 218,505 thousand CO₂-ton and the amount of carbon storage per unit area was 570.8 CO₂-ton per hectare. Compared to 299.7 CO₂-ton per hectare, the average carbon storage per unit area of the entire Korean forest, it was found that about twice as much carbon was stored when assuming the same area. In other words, it means that the tree carbon storage function of the national park is about twice as high as that of the average tree carbon storage function of entire Korean forest. It has great implications in Korea National Park not only provides biodiversity promotion and exploration services as a national protected area, but also performs excellent functions as a carbon sink.

韓國産 野生草花에 관한 硏究 : 동의나물, 모데미풀, 피나물을 中心으로 With special reference to Caltha plaustris var. membrancea, Megaleran-this saniculifolia, Hylomecon vernale

申永澈,金在佶,李東珍,朴永達 충북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1995 農業科學硏究 Vol.12 No.2

The primary purpose of this study is to investigate user's recreation experience satisfication and user's evaluation of forest landscape in Uam natural park. Another purpose of this study is to suggest directions for enhancing forest scenic beauty for every seasons. The data were collected by self- administered questionnaires from 182 users is SAM- IL park where main entrance of the Uam park. This study primarily consists of two phases : 1. The presentation of users' characterics. 2. The analysis of forest landscape in natural park. The majority of the respondents(68.3%) Prefered to reforestation. They also perceived that the scenic beauty of the park was satisfactiory. There were differences in users' satisfaction levels of scenic beauty for the park due to their socio-economic background.

유도전동기의 고정자 권선고장 진단을 위한 팍스벡터 패턴의 왜곡률 연산에 대한 연구

양철오(Chul-Oh Yang),박규남(Kyu-Nam Park),송명현(Myung-Hyun Song) 대한전기학회 2012 전기학회논문지 Vol.61 No.4

The diagnosis technique of stator winding faults based on Motor Current Signature Analysis(MCSA) was suggested. Park"s vector pattern, the circle that is drawn by d-q transformed currents(i_d, i_q), is widely used for stator winding faults detection. The current Distortion Ratio(DR), defined by the ratio of max?axis and min?axis of ellipse of Park"s vector"s pattern, was more simple and powerful method than the Park’s vector pattern. In this study, a calculation method of distortion ratio of Park"s vector pattern was suggested for auto diagnosis of stator winding short fault and usefulness of suggested calculation method of distortion ratio was verified through simulation using LabVIEW program.

국립공원 3개 저수지에 서식하는 생태계교란 어종의 서식양상과 먹이생물, 어류상에 미치는 영향

박승철 ( Seung-chul Park ),이광열 ( Kwang Yeol Lee ),최광식 ( Kwang-seek Choi ),한미숙 ( Mee-sook Han ),고명훈 ( Myeong-hun Ko ) 한국어류학회 2021 韓國魚類學會誌 Vol.33 No.2

본 연구는 국립공원 내 생태계교란 어종 배스와 블루길의 도입에 따른 영향을 파악하기 위해 2020년 금계지, 삼가지, 내장지에서 조사를 실시하였다. 금계지에서는 7과 11종 1,221개체가 채집되었고, 배스는 우점종 (96.3%), 블루길은 소수 (0.3%) 서식하고 있었고, 배스는 주로 밀어 (IRI, 37.2%)와 잠자리목(25.6%), 뱀잠자리목 (11.6%), 배스 (7.0%) 등을 섭식하였다. 삼가지에서는 5과 10종 854개체가 채집되었고, 배스는 우점종(60.8%)으로 주로 새우류 (33.6%)와 잠자리목 (34.4%), 밀어(21.2%), 피라미 (6.1%) 등을 섭식하였다. 내장지에서는 7과 13종 1,075개체가 채집되었고, 블루길은 우점종 (38.1%), 배스는 우세종 (9.5%)으로 나타났으며, 블루길은 주로 물벼룩류 (IRI, 77.5%)와 파리목 (9.8%), 새우류 (4.0%) 등을 섭식하였고 배스는 주로 밀어 (73.3%)와 새우류 (21.2%) 등을 섭식하였다. 금계지와 삼가지의 배스는 10여 년 전에 도입된 것으로 추정되고, 도입 이후 대부분의 어류는 개체수가 급격히 감소하였다. 내장지의 블루길은 20여 년 전에 도입된 것으로 추정되며, 도입 이후 상대풍부도가 점점 증가하여 40%대에 도달하였고, 배스는 5~6년 전에 도입되었고 도입 이후 자생 어류의 종수와 개체수가 급격히 감소하였다. 마지막으로 국립공원 내 배스와 블루길의 서식현황 및 관리방안에 대해서 논의하였다. This study was conducted to elucidate the impact of invasive species, Micropterus salmoides and Lepomis macrochirus in Geumgyeji, Samgaji and Naejangji reservoirs of National Parks, Korea in 2020. In the Geumgyeji, 1,221 individuals of 11 species in 7 families were collected including M. salmoides (relative abundance, 96.3%) and L. macrochirus (0.3%), M. salmoides fed mainly on Rhinogobius brunneus (IRI, 37.2%), Odonata (25.6%), Megaloptera (11.6%), and M. salmoides (7.0%). In the results of Samgaji showed that 854 individuals of 10 species in 5 families were collected including M. salmoides (60.8%), and M. salmoides fed mainly on Decapoda (shrimp, 33.6%), Odonata (34.4%), R. brunneus (21.2%), and Zacco platypus (6.1%). In the Naejangji showed that 1,075 individuals of 13 species belonging to 7 families were collected including L. macrochirus (38.1%) and M. salmoides (9.5%), and L. macrochirus fed mainly on Branchiopoda (77.5%), Diptera (9.8%), Decapoda (4.0%) and M. salmoides fed mainly on R. brunneus (73.3%), Decapoda (21.2%). M. salmoides of Geumgyeji and Samgaji were apparently introduced more than a 10 years ago. The fish population declined rapidly since the introduction of M. salmoides. L. macrochirus of Naejangji was introduced more than 20 years ago, which increased its relative abundance to 40%. M. salmoides was introduced five to six years ago, and the fish species and population declined rapidly since the introduction of M. salmoides. Finally, we discussed the inhabitat status and management of M. salmoides and L. macrochirus in the National Park.

북한산국립공원의 계류수질 보전 전략(I)

박재현,우보명,김우룡,안현철,조현서,추갑철,김춘식,최형태,Park, Jae-Hyeon,Woo, Bo-Myeong,Kim, Oue-Ryong,Ahn, Hyun-Chul,Cho, Hyun-Seo,Choo, Gab-Chul,Kim, Choon-Sig,Choi, Hyung-Tae 한국환경복원기술학회 2001 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.4 No.3

This study was conducted to investigate physicochemical property changes from July 1998 to August 2001 in Mt. Bukhansan National Park. Four water sampling points were selected to measure the quality of stream water in the northeastern part of the Mt. Bukhansan National Park. The results were summarized as follows; In spring, the average pH of stream water was below the first class of the river water quality standard, while it was normal level in summer. The average electrical conductivity was about 2.3~3.3 times higher in downstream water than in upstream water during spring and summer. The contents of anions($Cl^-$, $NO{_3}^-$, $SO{_4}^{2-}$) were about 1.1~7.4 and 0.4~11.4 times higher in downstream than in upstream water, respectively. These results indicate that water quality was poorer in downstream than in upstream water. We suggest that stream water in the Mt. Bukhansan National Park should be protected from impacts of snow melting mineral particles in spring season and human impacts like wastewater of point source in summer season.