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Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N6) in Domestic Cats, South Korea
Lee, KyungHyun,Lee, Eun-Kyoung,Lee, HyunKyoung,Heo, Gyeong-Beom,Lee, Yu-Na,Jung, Ji-Youl,Bae, You-chan,So, ByungJae,Lee, Youn-Jeong,Choi, Eun-Jin U.S. Department of Health and Human Services * Cen 2018 Emerging Infectious Diseases Vol.24 No.12
<P>In December 2016, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) infection with systemic pathologic lesions was found in cats in South Korea. Genetic analyses indicated that the feline isolates were similar to HPAI H5N6 viruses isolated in chicken farms nearby. This finding highlights the need for monitoring of domestic mammals during HPAI outbreaks.</P>
Bovine tuberculosis in an Asian small-clawed otter (<i>Aonyx cinerea</i>) in the Republic of Korea
Lee, Hyunkyoung,Kim, Jae-Myung,Jang, Yunho,Lee, Kyunghyun,Baek, Kanghyun,Lee, Boram,Kim, Ha-Young,Lee, Myoung-Heon,Ryoo, Soyoon,Bae, You-Chan,Choi, Eun-Jin,So, ByungJae SAGE Publications 2015 Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation Vol.27 No.5
<P>Bovine tuberculosis caused by <I>Mycobacterium bovis</I> has a wide range of hosts including cattle and humans, but its incidence in otters is very rare. Our report describes a case of bovine tuberculosis in an Asian small-clawed otter (<I>Aonyx cinerea</I>). A deceased female otter ~2–3 years of age that was raised in an aquarium was submitted to the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (Anyang, Republic of Korea) for autopsy in June 2013. Following gross pathological examination, many white nodules were observed in the lungs and mesentery. The nodules showed central necrosis infiltrated with lymphocytes and macrophages and surrounded by fibrous tissue. Acid-fast bacteria were detected in the necrotic foci, but no fungi were observed. Molecular analysis led to the detection of <I>M. bovis</I>, which is identified in otters in some European countries such as Spain and France.</P>
Toll-like receptors: sensor molecules for detecting damage to the nervous system.
Lee, Hyunkyoung,Lee, Soojin,Cho, Ik-Hyun,Lee, Sung Joong Bentham Science Publishers 2013 Current protein & peptide science Vol.14 No.1
<P>Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are type I transmembrane signaling molecules that are expressed in cells of the innate immune system. In these cells, TLRs function as pattern recognition receptors (PRR) that recognize specific molecular patterns derived from microorganisms. Upon activation, TLRs trigger a cascade of intracellular signaling pathways in innate immune cells, leading to the induction of inflammatory and innate immune responses, which in turn regulate adaptive immune responses. In the nervous system, different members of the TLR family are expressed on glial cells (astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and Schwann cells) and neurons. Recently, increasing evidence has supported the idea that TLRs also recognize endogenous molecules that are released from damaged tissue, thereby regulating inflammatory responses and subsequent tissue repair. These findings imply that TLRs on glial cells may also be involved in the inflammatory response to tissue damage in the nervous system. In this review, we discuss recent studies on TLR expression in the cells of the nervous system and their roles in acute neurological disorders involving tissue damage such as strokes, traumatic spinal cord and brain injuries, and peripheral nerve injuries.</P>
Lee, Hyunkyoung,Park, Chanhee,Cho, Ik-Hyun,Kim, Hyun Yeong,Jo, Eun-Kyeong,Lee, Soojin,Kho, Hong-Seop,Choi, Se-Young,Bae Oh, Seog,Park, Kyungpyo,Kim, Joong Soo,Lee, Sung Joong Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2007 Glia Vol.55 No.7
<P>Inflammation in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is one of the characteristics of virus-induced peripheral neuropathy. In this inflammatory response, Schwann cells are actively involved. Previously, toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) was reported as a receptor for double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) that induces antiviral and inflammatory responses in cells of the innate immune system. In this study, we investigated the expression and putative role of TLR3 in Schwann cells. TLR3 was constitutively expressed in Schwann cells. Stimulation with polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid, a synthetic dsRNA analogue, induced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene in Schwann cells. Studies on the intracellular signal transduction pathways using iSC, an immortalized Schwann cell line, revealed that dsRNA induces the activation of NF-κB, p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). The activation of NF-κB, p38, JNK, and dsRNA-dependent protein kinase is required for dsRNA-mediated iNOS gene expression. However, the activation of PI3 kinase and GSK-3β inhibited iNOS gene induction, a process mediated by their inhibitory effects on NF-κB and p38 activation. dsRNA-induced NO production caused neuronal cell death in cultured dorsal root ganglion. Finally, the introduction of dsRNA into the rat sciatic nerve induced iNOS gene expression and peripheral nerve demyelination in vivo. Taken together, these data suggest that viral RNA may induce inflammatory Schwann cell activation via TLR3 and peripheral nerve damage in the PNS. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>
A case of canine leishmaniasis in Korea
Hyunkyoung Lee,Kyunghyun Lee,Jae-Won Byun,Soon-Seek Yoon,Jung-Won Park,MyoungHeon Lee,Eun-Jin Choi,ByungJae So,Dae-Young Kim,Matti Kiupel,Ingeborg M. Langohr,You-Chan Bae 한국예방수의학회 2015 예방수의학회지 Vol.39 No.3
A 26-month-old male mixed-breed dog of Korean origin was subjected to necropsy following death after a history of decreased appetite and weight loss. Necropsy revealed generalized lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. Histopathological examination of samples from the spleen, mandibular lymph nodes, liver, kidney, and large intestine showed granulomas with numerous macrophages containing intracytoplasmic Leishmania amastigotes. Transmission electron microscopy revealed Leishmania amastigotes in the macrophage cytoplasm. All tissues with granulomas were positive for Leishmania spp, which was confirmed to be Leishmania infantum by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time PCR, and in situ hybridization. To our knowledge, this is the second case of canine visceral leishmaniasis in Korea.
Short communication : A case of canine leishmaniasis in Korea
( Hyunkyoung Lee ),( Kyung Hyun Lee ),( Jae Won Byun ),( Soon Seek Yoon ),( Jung Won Park ),( Myoungheon Lee ),( Eun Jin Choi ),( Byungjae So ),( Dae Young Kim ),( Matti Kiupel ),( Ingeborg M. Langohr 한국예방수의학회(구 한국수의공중보건학회) 2015 예방수의학회지 Vol.39 No.3
A 26-month-old male mixed-breed dog of Korean origin was subjected to necropsy following death after a history of decreased appetite and weight loss. Necropsy revealed generalized lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. Histopathological examination of samples from the spleen, mandibular lymph nodes, liver, kidney, and large intestine showed granulomas with numerous macrophages containing intracytoplasmic Leishmania amastigotes. Transmission electron microscopy revealed Leishmania amastigotes in the macrophage cytoplasm. All tissues with granulomas were positive for Leishmania spp, which was confirmed to be Leishmania infantum by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time PCR, and in situ hybridization. To our knowledge, this is the second case of canine visceral leishmaniasis in Korea.
Molecular Surveillance for Tick-Borne Rickettsial and Protozoal Infectious Diseases of Dog in Korea
Keun-Ho Kim(Keun-Ho Kim),Mi-Sun Yoo(Mi-Sun Yoo),Hyun-Ji Seo(Hyun-Ji Seo),Kyu-Won Kwak(Kyu-Won Kwak),Hyunkyoung Lee(Hyunkyoung Lee),Jung-Won Park(Jung-Won Park),Seunghee Lee(Seunghee Lee),Soon-Seek Yoo 한국예방수의학회 2017 한국예방수의학회 학술대회자료집 Vol.2017 No.-
Distribution of Dog Ticks in the Republic of Korea, 2017
Hyun-Ji Seo(Hyun-Ji Seo),Mi-Sun Yoo(Mi-Sun Yoo),Keun-Ho Kim(Keun-Ho Kim),Kyu-Won Kwak(Kyu-Won Kwak),Hyunkyoung Lee(Hyunkyoung Lee),Jung-Won Park(Jung-Won Park),Seunghee Lee(Seunghee Lee),Soon-Seek Yoo 한국예방수의학회 2017 한국예방수의학회 학술대회자료집 Vol.2017 No.-
Improved Therapeutic Profiles of PLA<sub>2</sub>-Free Bee Venom Prepared by Ultrafiltration Method
Lee, Hyunkyoung,Pyo, Min-Jung,Bae, Seong Kyeong,Heo, Yunwi,Kim, Choul Goo,Kang, Changkeun,Kim, Euikyung Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2015 Toxicological Research Vol.31 No.1
Bee venom (BV) has long been used in traditional Eastern and Western medicine for chronic inflammation, pain and skin therapy. Human exposure to BV, however, often causes unwanted adverse effects and is even fatal in some cases. Phospholipase $A_2$ ($PLA_2$) of BV is now suspected to play a key role in these adverse effects. We investigated the potential use of $PLA_2$-free bee venom (PBV) as a replacement for BV in cosmetic products. PBV prepared by molecular weight cut-off ultrafiltration exhibits a superior profile in comparison with regular BV, by inhibiting elastase activity and suppressing the induction of nitric oxide (NO) and metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), while retaining the effects of cell proliferation and protection against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced damage in human dermal fibroblast cells. PBV thus appears to be more promising than BV as a cosmetic ingredient with a reduced potential for adverse reactions in the recipient.
Toll-Like Receptor 3 Contributes to Wallerian Degeneration after Peripheral Nerve Injury
Lee, Hyunkyoung,Baek, Jiyeon,Min, Hyunjung,Cho, Ik-Hyun,Yu, Seong-Woo,Lee, Sung Joong Karger 2017 Neuroimmunomodulation Vol.23 No.4
<P>Objective: It is well known that Schwann cells play an important role in Wallerian degeneration after peripheral nerve injury. Previously, we reported that toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is expressed on Schwann cells, implicating its role in Schwann cell activation during Wallerian degeneration. In this study, we tested this possibility using TLR3 knock-out mice. Methods: Sciatic nerve-crush injury was induced in wild-type and TLR3 knock-out mice. Histological sections of the sciatic nerve were analyzed for Wallerian degeneration on days 3 and 7 after injury. The level of macrophage infiltration was measured by real-time RT-PCR, flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. The macrophage-recruiting chemokine gene expressions in the injured nerve were determined by real-time RT-PCR. Results: In TLR3 knock-out mice, the nerve injury-induced axonal degeneration and subsequent axonal debris clearance were reduced compared to in wild-type mice. In addition, nerve injury-induced macrophage infiltration into injury sites was attenuated in TLR3 knock-out mice and was accompanied by reduced expression of macrophage- recruiting chemokines such as CC-chemokine ligands (CCL) 2/MCP-1, CCL4/MIP-1 beta and CCL5/RANTES. These macrophage-recruiting chemokines were induced in primary Schwann cells upon TLR3 stimulation. Finally, intraneural injection of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, a synthetic TLR3 agonist, induced macrophage infiltration into the sciatic nerve in vivo. Conclusion: These data show that TLR3 signaling contributes to Wallerian degeneration after peripheral nerve injury by affecting Schwann cell activation and macrophage recruitment to injured nerves. (C) 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel</P>