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Kim, Heejun,Tung, Truong Thanh,Park, Seung Bum American Chemical Society 2013 Organic letters Vol.15 No.22
<P>A new diversity-oriented synthesis pathway for the fabrication of a pyrimidine-embedded polyheterocycles library was developed for potential interactions with diverse biopolymers. Five different pyrimidine-embedded core skeletons were synthesized from <I>ortho</I>-alkynylpyrimidine carbaldehydes by a silver- or iodine-mediated tandem cyclization strategy. The resulting polyheterocycles possess diverse fused ring sizes and positions with potential functionalities for further modification.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/orlef7/2013/orlef7.2013.15.issue-22/ol402872b/production/images/medium/ol-2013-02872b_0009.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ol402872b'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
COVID-19 : THE APPLICATION ARTICLE 79 OF THE CISG
Heejun Kim(김희준) 전북대학교 법학연구소 2020 法學硏究 Vol.63 No.-
COVID-19으로 인해 전 세계는 지금껏 경험해보지 못한 엄청난 변화와 진통을 겪는 중이다. 생산의 중단, 운송수단의 마비 등으로 인해 국제물품매매의 계약 당사자들은 계약을 이행할 수 없는 상황에까지 처할 수 있게 되었다. 예측할 수 없는 사정으로 인해 계약을 이행할 수 없게 된 경우 각국은 불가항력, 이행불능, 계약의 좌절 등의 법리로 이를 해결해왔다. CISG 제79조에서는 면책규정을 두고 있으며, 불이행이 자신이 통제할 수 없는 장애에 기인하였다는 것과 계약체결 당시 장애의 예견이 불가능해야 할 것 등을 면책의 요건으로 들고 있다. COVID-19이라는 유래없는 전염병이 과연 “통제불가능”과 “예견불가능”이라는 CISG 제79조의 요건을 충족시킬 수 있는지에 대하여 검토하였다. 이를 위하여 CISG 제79조의 적용여부가 쟁점이 되었던 사례들을 살펴보았다. 또한 각국 법원이 전염병과 같은 불가항력적 상황에 대해 보인 입장을 정리해보았다. COVID-19사태로 인한 CISG 제79조 면책규정의 적용을 쟁점으로 하는 분쟁사례들이 향후 지속적으로 등장할 것으로 예상된다. 이러한 시점에서 본 글을 통한 선제적인 논의가 시사점을 제공해줄 수 있기를 희망한다. COVID-19 has effectively brought global business to a halt and thrown contract agreements into great confusion. If a sudden, unforeseen disaster such as COVID-19 makes it impossible to perform of obligation, who should compensate the damage? Many are wondering if the parties to the contract are exempt from the performance of the contract under the concept of “Act of God” and the provisions of “force majeure” during the COVID-19 crisis. Due to COVID-19, the situation continues that the core components needed for production cannot be procured and some factories shut down. In some areas, aircraft take-off was interrupted. International transactions have more complex legal relations than domestic transactions. The various effects caused by COVID-19 will inevitably affect the performance under contracts for the international sale of goods. The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods(CISG) regulates in Article 79 as an exemption from liability for damages. There will be many cases in the future that address whether COVID-19 applies to CISG and the legal principles will continue to develop. In this study, The author preemptively reviews “the applicability of CISG Article 79 to the COVID-19 outbreak”.
Kim, Jonghoon,Kim, Heejun,Park, Seung Bum American Chemical Society 2014 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.136 No.42
<P>In the search for new therapeutic agents for currently incurable diseases, attention has turned to traditionally “undruggable” targets, and collections of drug-like small molecules with high diversity and quality have become a prerequisite for new breakthroughs. To generate such collections, the diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) strategy was developed, which aims to populate new chemical space with drug-like compounds containing a high degree of molecular diversity. The resulting DOS-derived libraries have been of great value for the discovery of various bioactive small molecules and therapeutic agents, and thus DOS has emerged as an essential tool in chemical biology and drug discovery. However, the key challenge has become how to design and synthesize drug-like small-molecule libraries with improved biological relevancy as well as maximum molecular diversity. This Perspective presents the development of privileged substructure-based DOS (pDOS), an efficient strategy for the construction of polyheterocyclic compound libraries with high biological relevancy. We envisioned the specific interaction of drug-like small molecules with certain biopolymers via the incorporation of privileged substructures into polyheterocyclic core skeletons. The importance of privileged substructures such as benzopyran, pyrimidine, and oxopiperazine in rigid skeletons was clearly demonstrated through the discovery of bioactive small molecules and the subsequent identification of appropriate target biomolecule using a method called “fluorescence difference in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis”. Focusing on examples of pDOS-derived bioactive compounds with exceptional specificity, we discuss the capability of privileged structures to serve as chemical “navigators” toward biologically relevant chemical spaces. We also provide an outlook on chemical biology research and drug discovery using biologically relevant compound libraries constructed by pDOS, biology-oriented synthesis, or natural product-inspired DOS.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jacsat/2014/jacsat.2014.136.issue-42/ja508343a/production/images/medium/ja-2014-08343a_0011.gif'></P>
The Impact of Name Ambiguity on Properties of Coauthorship Networks
Kim, Jinseok,Kim, Heejun,Diesner, Jana Korea Institute of Science and Technology Informat 2014 Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice Vol.2 No.2
Initial based disambiguation of author names is a common data pre-processing step in bibliometrics. It is widely accepted that this procedure can introduce errors into network data and any subsequent analytical results. What is not sufficiently understood is the precise impact of this step on the data and findings. We present an empirical answer to this question by comparing the impact of two commonly used initial based disambiguation methods against a reasonable proxy for ground truth data. We use DBLP, a database covering major journals and conferences in computer science and information science, as a source. We find that initial based disambiguation induces strong distortions in network metrics on the graph and node level: Authors become embedded in ties for which there is no empirical support, thus increasing their sphere of influence and diversity of involvement. Consequently, networks generated with initial-based disambiguation are more coherent and interconnected than the actual underlying networks, and individual authors appear to be more productive and more strongly embedded than they actually are.