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북한에서의 REDD+ 사업을 위한 산림황폐화 및 탄소저장량 평가
( Dongfan Piao ),이우균 ( Woo-kyun Lee ),( Yongyan Zhu ),김문일 ( Moonil Kim ),송철호 ( Cholho Song ) 한국환경생물학회 2016 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.34 No.1
북한의 산림 황폐화는 매우 심각한 것으로 보고되고 있으며, 이를 해결하기 위해 황폐화 방지와 온실가스 감축을 목표로 한 REDD+ 사업에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 북한 황해북도에서 10,000 ha를 대상지에 대해 다중시기 토지피복 변화를 분석하였다. 연구 대상지의 산림 황폐화는 계속 심해져, 1989년 7,035 ha로부터 2013년 4,293ha로 약 39%가 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 그에 따라 산림탄소축적량은 약 284,399 tCO<sub>2</sub> 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 기준선을 설정하고 REDD+ 사업에 의한 산림탄소 감소방지량 (온실가스배출감축량)을 분석한 결과 약 364,704 tCO<sub>2</sub>가 감소하지 않고 유지될 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 현장조사수행이 불가능한 한계점과 단위면적 (ha)당 산림탄소축적량을 이용할 시 북한의 수종 재적 자료가 없는 제한 하에 남한의 자료를 사용한 한계는 향후 극복하여야 할 과제라고 판단된다. 그러나 본 연구는 향후 북한에서 REDD+ 사업을 위해 활용될 수 있을 것이다. As the deforestation in North Korea gets severed, the interest for REDD+ is also in-creasing. This study analyzed historical land cover changes of the study area which is 10,000 ha in Hwanghaebukdo of North Korea for assessing change in landcover and carbon storage. The result showed that the forest area had decreased from 7,035 ha to 4,293 ha which is approximately 39% of total forest area between 1989 and 2013. The deforestation caused that forest carbon storage had decreased approximately 284,399 tCO<sub>2</sub>. Set the baseline and analysed the potential reduction amount of carbon emission, it was estimated that REDD+ project could store approximately 364,704 tCO<sub>2</sub> for next 30 years. This study still has limitations such as lacking in direct field survey and the data of stand volume of each tree species which was replaced with the data of stand volume in South Korea. But, study can be applied for future REDD+ projects in North Korea.
북한에서의 REDD+ 사업을 위한 산림황폐화 및 탄소저장량 평가
Dongfan Piao,이우균,Yongyan Zhu,김문일,송철호 한국환경생물학회 2016 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.34 No.1
북한의 산림 황폐화는 매우 심각한 것으로 보고되고 있으 며, 이를 해결하기 위해 황폐화 방지와 온실가스 감축을 목 표로 한 REDD+ 사업에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 본 연 구에서는 북한 황해북도에서 10,000 ha를 대상지에 대해 다 중시기 토지피복 변화를 분석하였다. 연구 대상지의 산림 황 폐화는 계속 심해져, 1989년 7,035 ha로부터 2013년 4,293 ha로 약 39%가 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 그에 따라 산림 탄소축적량은 약 284,399 tCO2 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 기 준선을 설정하고 REDD+ 사업에 의한 산림탄소 감소방지 량 (온실가스배출감축량)을 분석한 결과 약 364,704 tCO2가 감소하지 않고 유지될 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 현장조사 수행이 불가능한 한계점과 단위면적 (ha)당 산림탄소축적량 을 이용할 시 북한의 수종 재적 자료가 없는 제한 하에 남한 의 자료를 사용한 한계는 향후 극복하여야 할 과제라고 판 단된다. 그러나 본 연구는 향후 북한에서 REDD+ 사업을 위 해 활용될 수 있을 것이다. As the deforestation in North Korea gets severed, the interest for REDD+ is also increasing. This study analyzed historical land cover changes of the study area which is 10,000 ha in Hwanghaebukdo of North Korea for assessing change in landcover and carbon storage. The result showed that the forest area had decreased from 7,035 ha to 4,293 ha which is approximately 39% of total forest area between 1989 and 2013. The deforestation caused that forest carbon storage had decreased approximately 284,399 tCO2. Set the baseline and analysed the potential reduction amount of carbon emission, it was estimated that REDD+ project could store approximately 364,704 tCO2 for next 30 years. This study still has limitations such as lacking in direct field survey and the data of stand volume of each tree species which was replaced with the data of stand volume in South Korea. But, study can be applied for future REDD+ projects in North Korea.
Assessing environmentally sensitive land to desertification using MEDALUS method in Mongolia
이은정,Dongfan Piao,송철호,김지원,임철희,김은지,문지원,카파토스,Lamchin Munkhnasan,전성우,이우균 한국산림과학회 2019 Forest Science And Technology Vol.15 No.4
Desertification is a global phenomenon caused by various processes, including climate change, vegetation processes, and human activities. The need to combat desertification is increasing in many countries. A reasonable assessment of the vulnerability or sensitivity of land cover to desertification at national scales is crucial to formulate appropriate strategies or policies for combating it. The main purpose of this work was to quantitatively assess the sensitivity of land cover to desertification in Mongolia using the MEDALUS approach. The MEDALUS method is a widely known technique for assessing desertification in the Mediterranean area. In this study, the method was adjusted to be applied to Mongolia, while the numerical methods of the MEDALUS remained the same. The modified MEDALUS method used nine factors from 2003 and 2008 to quantify the sensitivity of land to desertification. As a result, our study resulted in the calculation and spatial distribution of the Environmental Sensitive Area Index (ESAI), produced throughout Mongolia. In 2003, the middle region of the southern Mongolia had the highest sensitivity to desertification, while sensitivity in 2008 increased in the western area. Mongolia’s area with the highest ESAI range increased approximately five times, indicating rapid desertification occurring throughout Mongolia from 2003 to 2008.
피해목 위치자료를 이용한 북한산 국립공원 참나무시들음병 공간분석
( Yongyan Zhu ),( Dongfan Piao ),이우균 ( Woo-kyun Lee ),전성우 ( Seong-woo Jeon ) 대한원격탐사학회 2017 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.33 No.5
본 연구에서는 북한산국립공원을 대상으로 참나무시들음병 피해지내의 지형적 특성을 파악하고 피해확산 예측지도를 작성하였다. 피해대상지 고도인자 분석결과 피해목은 고도 200 m~500 m 사이에 많이 분포되어 있는 것으로 탐지 되었고, 고도 500 m 이상에서는 피해목수가 급격히 줄어드는 것으로 나타났다. 경사인자 분석결과 전체 92%의 피해목이 경사 20-40도 사이에서 탐지 되었고 경사 40도 이상에서는 피해가 급격히 줄어드는 것으로 나타났다. 방위 분석결과 주로 남향에서 피해가 많이 발생 되는 것으로 나타났다. 피해 대상지내에서의 참나무시들음병 피해목은 군집형태로 존재하는 것으로 나타났고 CART 분석결과 경사의 영향이 가장 큰 것으로 나타난 반면 방위의 영향은 적은 것으로 분석되었다. 그 다음으로 지표면 온도와 고도의 영향이 비슷하게 나타났고 CART 분석결과를 토대로 각 요소별 가중치를 적용하여 피해확산 예측지도를 작성하였다. 그 결과 북한산국립공원의 동북방향에 위치하여 있는 도봉산방향으로 피해가 확산 될 것으로 판단된다. This study is a preliminary research conducted in Buhansan mountain National Park to develop a management system to predict and control oak wilt disease by indicating spatial factors which affect diffusion of the disease. After analysing altitude factor during the estimation of spatial analysis of damaged area, it is indicated that damaged trees are mainly distributed at altitude of 200-500 m and number decreased drastically over the altitude of 500 m. The result showed that 92% of total damaged trees are on slope between 20~40 degrees and the number decreased drastically on slope steeper than 40 degrees. It is indicated that damaged area is mainly distributed on southern aspect. It is estimated by using CART that slope factor affected the diffusion of disease mostly but aspect factor did not. Surface temperature and altitude showed similar effect. By simulating possible diffusion scenario, it is estimated that the disease could spread to DO-BONG Mt., northeast of Bukhansan mountain.
최유영 ( Choi Yu-young ),임철희 ( Lim Chul-hee ),류지은 ( Ryu J I-eun ),( Dongfan Piao ),강진영 ( Kang J In-young ),( Weihong Zhu ),( Guishan Cui ),이우균 ( Lee Woo-kyun ),전성우 ( Jeon Seong-woo ) 한국환경복원기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2017 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.20 No.3
This study constructed a high-resolution bioclimatic classification map of South Korea which classifies land into homogeneous zones by similar environment properties using advanced statistical techniques compared to existing ecological area classification studies. The climate data provided by WorldClim(1960-1990) were used to generate 27 bioclimatic variables affecting biological habitats, and key environmental variables were derived from Correlation Analysis and Principal Component Analysis. Clustering Analysis was performed using the ISODATA method to construct a 30`(~1km) resolution bioclimatic classification map. South Korea was divided into 21 regions and the results of classification were verified by correlation analysis with the Gross Primary Production(GPP), Actual Vegetation map made by the Ministry of Environment. Each zones` were described and named by its environmental characteristics and major vegetation distribution. This study could provide useful spatial frameworks to support ecosystem research, monitoring and policy decisions.
Modeling stand-level mortality based on maximum stem number and seasonal temperature
Kim, Moonil,Lee, Woo-Kyun,Choi, Go-Mee,Song, Cholho,Lim, Chul-Hee,Moon, Jooyeon,Piao, Dongfan,Kraxner, Florian,Shividenko, Anatoly,Forsell, Nicklas Elsevier Scientific Pub.Co 2017 Forest ecology and management Vol.386 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Mortality is a key process in forest stand dynamics. However, tree mortality is not well understood, particularly in relation to climatic factors. The objectives of this study were to: (<I>i</I>) determine the patterns of maximum stem number per ha (MSN) over dominant tree height from 5-year remeasurements of the permanent sample plots for temperate forests [Red pine (<I>Pinus densiflora</I>), Japanese larch (<I>Larix kaempferi</I>), Korean pine (<I>Pinus koraiensis</I>), Chinese cork oak (<I>Quercus variabilis</I>), and Mongolian oak (<I>Quercus mongolica</I>)] using Sterba’s theory and Korean National Forest Inventory (NFI) data, (<I>ii</I>) develop a stand-level mortality (self-thinning) model using the MSN curve, and (<I>iii</I>) assess the impact of temperature on tree mortality in semi-variogram and linear regression models. The MSN curve represents the upper boundary of observed stem numbers per ha. The developed mortality model with our results showed a high degree of reliability (R<SUP>2</SUP> =0.55–0.81) and no obvious dependencies or patterns in residuals. However, spatial autocorrelation was detected from residuals of coniferous species (Red pine, Japanese larch and Korean pine), but not for oak species (Chinese cork oak and Mongolian oak). Based on the linear regression analysis of residuals, we found that the mortality of coniferous forests tended to increase with the rising seasonal temperature. This is more evident during winter and spring months. Conversely, oak mortality did not significantly vary with increasing temperature. These findings indicate that enhanced tree mortality due to rising temperatures in response to climate change is possible, especially in coniferous forests, and is expected to contribute to forest management decisions.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Applicability of Sterba’s maximum stem number curve on a national scale was confirmed. </LI> <LI> Effect of rising temperature on mortality should be differentiated by tree species. </LI> <LI> Mortality of coniferous trees tends to increase with rising seasonal temperature. </LI> <LI> Coniferous trees are likely more sensitive than oaks to climate change in Korea. </LI> </UL> </P>